The importance of translation in interlingual relations

The language, culture and literature of any nation become strong when it has a great translation literature. That nation has a strong culture and literature because it translates the spiritual and cultural achievements of other nations into its native language and benefits from them. Rather, any language that translates world literature regardless of their size creates and enriches the spiritual bridge of language relations. From this point of view, the Azerbaijani language is no exception. The article consists of three parts. The first part deals with the history of inter-linguistic relations, mainly English and Azerbaijani language relations. The second part of the article discusses the history of literary translation in Azerbaijan. Finally, important part of the translation into and from the Azerbaijani language, are reviewed and analyzed. The article concludes by making the point that literary translation is a spiritual bridge that connects different languages and cultures, translators are bridge builders.

Organizational Performance in Banking Sector of Pakistan: Assessing the Impacts of Strategic Orientation and Organizational Culture

This study investigated the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationships between organizational strategic orientation and organizational performance. Data were collected from 281 middle managers of the banking sector in Pakistan. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that strategic orientation and organizational culture have significant and positive impacts on the performance of the organization. Unexpectedly, organizational culture does not moderate the relationships between strategic orientation and performance. The findings of the study show that organizations that are strategically positioned as well as have a strong culture can be high-performing organizations. As there is a clear lack of research on the moderating effect of culture on the relationships between an organization’s strategic orientation and organizational performance, the current study fills this gap. Likewise, the present study highlights both practical and theoretical implications for the banking sector in Pakistan.

Of stumps and stipes: comparisons between the cultures and identities of Yorkshire cricket and mycology at the turn of the twentieth century

Mycology, the study of fungi, is a relatively young and underexplored discipline with a strong culture of field collection and study. The Yorkshire Mycological Committee (YMC) of the Yorkshire Naturalist's Union, formed in 1892, became the first permanent mycological organization within Great Britain. Well renowned and highly competent, the members of the YMC espoused a distinctive philosophy and practice of science that led them into a drawn-out conflict with the newly established British Mycological Society that continues to impact the practice of British field mycology today. This paper explores the philosophy, practice, and hierarchy of the Yorkshire mycologists and fungal collectors through the lens of their regional identity. To do so, it examines similarities and differences between the Yorkshire expressions of mycology and cricket around the turn of the twentieth century, with the latter already well established as a major vehicle for expressions of the region's identity. It argues that both activities stem from a distinct Yorkshire identity and culture that both superseded and intersected with other factors such as class and authority. In doing so, it highlights the importance of provincial identities and scientific movements in informing and influencing wider disciplinary philosophies and practices.

Cultural Health Assets of Somali and Oromo Refugees and Immigrants in Minnesota: Findings from a Community-Based Participatory Research Project

This community-based participatory research study sought to identify the cultural health assets of the Somali and Oromo communities in one Minnesota neighborhood that could be mobilized to develop culturally appropriate health interventions. Community asset mappers conducted 76 interviews with Somali and Oromo refugees in in Minnesota regarding the cultural assets of their community. A community-university data analysis team coded data for major themes. Key cultural health assets of the Somali and Oromo refugee communities revealed in this study include religion and religious beliefs, religious and cultural practices, a strong culture of sharing, interconnectedness, the prominence of oral traditions, traditional healthy eating and healthy lifestyles, traditional foods and medicine, and a strong cultural value placed on health. These cultural health assets can be used as building blocks for culturally relevant health interventions.

The nature of entrepreneurial orientation strength: the impact of shared values on firm performance

Drawing on Wales, Monsen, and McKelvie's (2011, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(5), 895–923) model of entrepreneurial orientation pervasiveness and the strong culture hypothesis (Denison, 1984, Organization Dynamics, 13, 4–22), this study investigates how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) strength, defined as the level of agreement in the shared perceptions of EO, serves as a boundary condition of the EO–firm performance relationship. Four field studies provide evidence for a valid and reliable 10-item multidimensional measure of entrepreneurial orientation, the EO-10, which in turn, may be used to assess EO strength. We establish content and construct validity of the EO-10 (study 1; n = 447 employees), criterion-related validity with revenue growth and sales growth (study 2; n = 412 employees in 43 profit centers), and convergent validity with Covin and Slevin's (1989, Strategic Management Journal, 10, 75–87) 9-item measure (study 3; n = 291 employees). Finally, in study 4 (n = 853 employees nested in 22 organizations), we demonstrate the interactive effects of EO and EO strength on profit growth and revenue growth. In sum, this study provides conceptual and empirical evidence for the importance of EO strength as a moderator of the EO–firm performance relationship.

The culture of security developed through education

The article argues for the need to develop a culture of security, which must be a benchmark of conduct, morals, education and training; to promote the ensemble of information, attitudes, beliefs and values through which the individual relates them to the political, military and economic system, which characterizes the level of ensuring security to each individual and to society as a whole. The need to develop a culture of security and to educate the population in this spirit derives from the diversification of threats to national security and how they are spread. Educating and promoting a strong culture of security will prevent the transformation of vulnerabilities into threats to national security. Due to the fact that the citizens are at the basis of the development of the culture of security, education in this field brings a considerable contribution in the proper promotion of the given culture at all levels of education, based on the principle of lifelong learning. The actors concerned with security education use several means of training through concrete actions, such as: meetings with civil society representatives, round tables, conferences, debates or various partnerships with academic or research institutions, scientific communication sessions, meetings with pupils and students in educational institutions of all levels, trainings with active young people, introduction of course units on the development of the culture of security, with all its components, from healthy living and personal development to work protection, civil protection, education for society, etc. Therefore, the culture of security is vital in the information age we are going through, in which we all need guidelines at both personal and state level. A citizen with a high culture of security is the natural and invaluable partner for the community he belongs to and for the nation.

O menino que mudou o olhar de Severino de Jesus

In this article, we discuss the migratory movement of retreatants from northeastern Brazil in the 20th century, represented in poetic form by João Cabral de Melo Neto, which appears symbolized in the metaphor of travel as a representation of human life. Severino de Jesus' pilgrimage takes place in an atmosphere of darkness, with a very strong culture of death persisting as a backdrop until the moment when life breaks out, unexpectedly, thus changing the entire psychological scenario of the retiree. It is this sudden event that the author invokes indirectly, in this Christmas literary piece, as a parallel with the outbreak of Jesus Christ in human history, as a light in the midst of darkness, capable of triggering an attitude of hope.

The Relationship among Zakat Maal, Altruism and Work Life Quality

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of zakat maal expenditure behavior on work altruism and quality. The study was conducted at a higher education institution that practices a strong culture in religious activities. A total of 223 respondents were involved in this study. Data were obtained using a questionnaire and analyzed using the PLSPM of SmartPLS 3.2.8. The results of this study showed that compliant employees’ payment of zakat maal could increase work altruism and quality of work-life, thereby increasing their performance. The behavior of zakat maal payment in this study is evidenced by the existence of a workplace, that supports the implementation of the obligations of a Muslim, so as to increase their awareness in paying zakat when reaching the nishab. Encouragement from the organization about this matter ultimately increases work altruism which can help improve work productivity and make employees feel they have a better and more balanced work life.

Capturing the Velocity of Sharia Economy Through an Islamic Boarding School's (Pesantren) B2B E-Commerce

Indonesia is the largest Muslim majority country in the world, representing 13% of the global Muslim population. The high number of Islamic boarding schools, or pesantren, in Indonesia and the value of conventional transactions that occur among them present a big economic opportunity. However, this opportunity is not well-documented, captured, or maintained. The need to digitalize transaction processes between pesantren is of high importance. The government, which in this case is represented by the Central Bank, has tried to form an e-commerce platform for pesantren markets through one particular pesantren considered the most mature and prepared to coordinate and manage such a platform. However, the characteristics of users from pesantren are very unique with a strong culture among them. Thus, the building of an e-commerce platform for this specific market needs to be carried out carefully. By using qualitative and quantitative methods, this research attempts to design the most appropiate e-commerce platform for this Islamic market.