Smart Parking Systems: A Data-Oriented Taxonomy and a Metadata Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110318
Author(s):  
Peter Lubrich
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Metadata Model ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Description Framework ◽  
Parking Demand

Smart parking systems (SPS) represent an evolving and heterogeneous field of approaches and applications in parking management. One commonality is that all present systems deal with digital data related to the parking domain, such as data about parking infrastructure, parking demand, transactions, and similar. Data offerings of SPS seem to provide essential benefits for actors in parking space management, as long as they can be discovered and assessed efficiently. This paper presents mechanisms for the discovery and assessment of SPS data offerings. First, a taxonomy is developed via an inductive approach, based on a review of existing approaches to categorizing such data offerings. The taxonomy represents a hierarchical classification system, looking at functional, technical, and content perspectives of SPS data. This taxonomy is further integrated and formalized into a metadata model, allowing structured and harmonized descriptions about data offerings of individual SPS. The metadata model is built on established metadata frameworks, namely the Resource Description Framework (RDF). For reasons of reusability and interoperability, it also adopts existing metadata vocabularies from the domain of internet data catalogs. This work intends to make the data offerings of SPS assessable and comparable for potential SPS users, namely actors in parking space management. It also provides a foundation for integrating the various forms and technologies of current SPS deployments. Such integration is missing so far, according to some other authors, and is addressed in this work by an interoperable metadata approach.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Smart Car Parking System using LabView

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2826-2829
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Vikkurthi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Car Park ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
On The Road

Abstract: Due to rapid proliferation in the number of vehicles on the road, finding a vacant car parking space is becoming challenging and ubiquitous in every major city, resulting traffic problems are bound to exist. Increase in traffic causes the number of accidents thatcause serious bodily harm to the road users, the pollution caused by the large amount of CO2 released by the vehicles, and the continuous stress of drivers who must drive in often narrow and very busy roads and who must look for a long time to find a space to park. Thus, tosolve the parking problem, lot of research is being done on smart parking management system mechanisms. The existing system gives us the information about the empty slots availability but does not give information about the exact location of parking slot available in sucha big area. This paper proposes an efficient, cost effective smart car Parking System on wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology using LabView that can easily locate and secure a vacant parking space at any car park deemed convenient to them. The parking slots are continuously monitored, and data is continuously updated in the display board. Index Terms: parking system, smart parking, IR sensor

scholarly journals Rainbow Smart Parking System Design: Problems Into Solutions for Integrated Parking Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
M. Benhayoun ◽  
M.S. Che Rusuli ◽  
A.K. Suhaila ◽  
M. Hakim ◽  
R. Ashlyzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Parking Facilities

This paper scrutinize the crucial problems such as insufficient parking space, road design, behavior of parking and peak time parking as a major factor that contribute to the improperness of car parking management. This study involves 250 respondents which took place at Pengkalan Chepa neighborhood. The sample adopts convenient sampling methods. Furthermore, this study promotes the idea to solve the incapacity of parking facilities around Pengkalan Chepa. As the result, several solutions were proposed to both university members and local community and authority to look further in this matter.

scholarly journals A Cloud Based Smart Parking System using Iot Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Major City ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
System Utilization ◽  
Ir Sensors ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The City

Car parking is the major problem faced in the current major city. There are more number of vehicles around the city and the parking spaces are less in number and we need to solve this problem in the efficient parking management system. By this we demonstrate the use of IoT based Parking system that allows the effective parking space shown in the system utilization using IoT technology. The project we use IR sensors to demonstrate for the sensing things in the parking slots available in the particular parking area along with dc motor to simulate the gates open and close. We use the Wi-Fi modem for internet connectivity and a micro controller for operating system. The system detects the parking slots are occupied using IR sensors. The system reads the number of available parking slots or occupied and updates the data through the cloud based server to allow to check the parking slots are availability in online. This allows the system to check available parking spaces in online from anywhere in the world.This solution is reliable in any circumstances.

scholarly journals Smart parking management system with dynamic pricing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Md Ashifuddin Mondal ◽  
Zeenat Rehena ◽  
Marijn Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pricing ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Management System ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors

Smart parking is becoming more and more an integral part of smart city initiatives. Utilizing and managing parking areas is a challenging task as space is often limited, finding empty spaces are hard and citizens want to park their vehicles close to their preferred places. This becomes worse in important/posh areas of major metropolitan cities during rush hour. Due to unavailability of proper parking management system, citizens have to roam around a lot in order to find a suitable parking area. This leads to the wastage of valuable time, unnecessary fuel consumption and environmental pollution. This paper proposes a smart parking management system (SPMS) based on multiple criteria based parking space reservation algorithm (MCPR) that allows the driver/owner of vehicles to find and reserve most appropriate parking space from anywhere at any time. The system also considers the concept of dynamic pricing strategy for calculating parking charge in order to gain more revenue by the government agencies as well as private investors. The system employs sensors to calculate concentration index, average inter-arrival time of vehicles of a parking area for better parking management and planning. The simulation results show that proposed system reduces the average extra driving required by the users to find a parking area and hence it will reduce traffic congestion, which in turn reduces air pollution caused by unnecessary driving to find a proper parking area.

scholarly journals Smart Vehicle Parking Monitoring System using RFID

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9S) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Smart Vehicle

With the vast growing influx of population in the developed, industrially and technologically sound urban cities, an urgent need to make the cities smart is surmounted. The cities are made smart utilizing data sharing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, analytics, and thousands of RFID tags and sensors. One of the significant concerns of today's smart cities is the growing need to manage the vehicles on-road as well as to create sufficient and well-managed parking lots to prevent urban areas from traffic congestion. This leads to a call for highly automated parking management system self-sufficient in guiding the driver to an available parking space in the nearby area. In this paper, a real-time prototype of the smart parking system (S.P system) based on Internet of Things (IoT) is discussed. The proposed smart parking system works on an electronic device that collects the parking availability status and assists drivers in finding and selecting the desired parking space among the available parking spaces that effectively reduces the traffic problems and mismanagement across the cities to a great extent.

scholarly journals A Hybrid Technique for Smart Parking Management System in a Smart City

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.15) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Patita Paban Panda ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Das
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Individual Decisions ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Cost

Considering the urban environment, we proposed a new model “Parking Management System”. The complete model provides you the basic features of the parking system. The system designates an exact parking slot for the driver. On the basis of user requirement, it includes the proximity to destination and the cost of parking. The capacity of overall parking is utilized efficiently. The system approach solves the problem at individual decisions in a time driven sequence. This is the most favorable solution based on the allocation on present state affair and subject to the arbitrary incidents such as the request of the new user and availability of the parking space. At the next decision point, the allocation is updated ensuring that there is no conflicts in the resource reservation and the assignment of resource have the higher cost than the current cost of function value. The proposed system enables users to find out the free parking space on the cost on new performance metrics to calculate the cost of user parking under the consideration of distance and the total no of free places. The system show that the algorithm helps improves the probability of successful parking and the user waiting time is minimized. The proposed system is implemented by us in the real world successfully.  

scholarly journals Smart Parking System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1823-1826
Author(s):  
V. C. Bharathi
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Shopping Centers ◽  
Public Place ◽  
Good Service ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Parking System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

In the modern age, many people have vehicles. Vehicle is now a primary need. Every place is under process of urbanization. There are many supermarkets and shopping centers etc. There are many creative places where people used to go for refreshing and relaxation. All these places are full of with people so they need a parking space where people can park their vehicles safely and easily. Every parking area needs a website or system that records the detail of vehicles to give the parking facility. With the help of iot based system we can deliver a good service to users/people who wants to park their vehicles into organization’s premises. Present days in parking areas they just maintain the vehicles just with tokens and they have records of vehicle details in books so that during some critical situations like police enquiry of terrorist car or vehicle missing that case it is difficult to find the details of particular vehicle. But with our parking management system it is easy to find within 1 to 2 seconds. By parking the vehicle in public place the vehicle can be claimed by other person but in this case there is no such problem and no need to give fine for anything we can park our vehicle with securely.

Developing A Vision-based Adaptive Parking Space Management System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Hammoudi ◽  
Halim Benhabiles ◽  
Abhishek Jandial ◽  
Fadi Dornaika ◽  
Joseph Mouzna
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Parking Space ◽  
Space Management

Smart Parking Management System to Reduce Congestion In Urban Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Rezwanul Islam ◽  
Sami Azam ◽  
Bharanidharan Shanmugam ◽  
Asif Karim ◽  
Jamal El-Den ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Management System ◽  
Parking Management ◽  
Smart Parking
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