Effectiveness of Warning Piles on Driving Behavior on the Curve of Low-Grade Highway

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199635
Author(s):  
Yibing Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Yang Bian ◽  
Jianming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
Rural Highway

To develop a scientific and practicable guideline for implementing warning piles on Chinese low-grade highways, it is necessary to study the effect of warning piles on driving performance in different road alignments and environments. Based on a driving simulator, this paper evaluates the effect of unilateral and bilateral warning piles on vehicle speed and lateral position on a two-lane rural highway curve with different road geometries. The results show a significant effect of bilateral warning piles on speed control, which becomes more obvious as the radius of the curve decreases and the superelevation increases. In sharp curves, vehicle speed increases rapidly in the second half of the curve, and bilateral warning piles could significantly control speed increase to prevent danger. Meanwhile, the effect of bilateral warning piles on keeping vehicles in a safer lane position is also statistically significant in the second half of the curve. With a decreasing radius and an increasing superelevation, the value of the maximum lateral position will increase. Bilateral warning piles could reduce the lateral position to keep the vehicle on a stable track. Moreover, bilateral warning piles could also perform better at night. This paper studies both unilateral and bilateral warning piles’ effects on driving behavior in different road geometries, thus providing a theoretical basis for the engineering application of warning piles.

Effect of Headlight Illumination on Driver Behavior

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Martin Helander ◽  
John O. Merritt ◽  
Charles Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measures ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
High Beam ◽  
Position Response ◽  
Brake Pressure ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
Lane Position ◽  
Rural Highway

The effect of different headlight patterns on driving performance was investigated during test drives along a 8-km rural highway. Eighteen subjects drove the test course once for each of the three headlight conditions: low beam, high beam, and low-plus-high beam. Continuous recordings were obtained of vehicle speed, brake pressure, acceleration, steering wheel angle, and lane position. Response profiles for average and 1 S.D. of response were plotted as a function of distance along the test course. ANOVA showed small but statistically significant illumination effects for average speed, average lane position, and standard deviation of steering wheel position and fore-aft accelerations. It was concluded that the test course may have been too difficult and thus may have limited effects of illumination conditions on the driving performance measures obtained in this first phase of testing.

scholarly journals Influence of Landscape Design on Driving Behavior Based on Slope Illusion

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Yueyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
Speed Perception ◽  
Driving Stability

In a continuous downhill section of a mountain highway, factors such as road alignment, roadside environment, and other visual characteristics will impact the slope illusion drivers experience and engage in unsafe driving behaviors. To improve the negative consequences of slope illusion and driving safety in continuous downhill sections, the effects of plant spacing, height, roadside distance, and color on driving behavior were all studied by simulating the plant landscape in a virtual environment. A driving simulator and UC-win/road software were used to conduct an indoor driving simulation experiment, and parameters such as speed and lateral position offset were used as the evaluation indices of driving stability to reflect the driver’s speed perception ability with subjective equivalent speeds. The results show that a plant landscape with appropriate plant spacing, height, roadside separation, and color is conducive to improving driving stability. Furthermore, a landscape with a height of 3 m, spacing of 10 m, roadside spacing of 0.75 m, and appropriate color matching can enhance the slope perception ability and speed perception ability of drivers, which is conducive to improving the driving safety of continuous downhill sections.

scholarly journals Validation of Vehicle Driving Simulator from Perspective of Velocity and Trajectory Based Driving Behavior under Curve Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8429
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Jiming Xie ◽  
Simin Wu ◽  
Fengxiang Guo ◽  
Zheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Convenient Setting

With their advantages of high experimental safety, convenient setting of scenes, and easy extraction of control parameters, driving simulators play an increasingly important role in scientific research, such as in road traffic environment safety evaluation and driving behavior characteristics research. Meanwhile, the demand for the validation of driving simulators is increasing as its applications are promoted. In order to validate a driving simulator in a complex environment, curve road conditions with different radii are considered as experimental evaluation scenarios. To attain this, this paper analyzes the reliability and accuracy of the experimental vehicle speed of a driving simulator. Then, qualitative and quantitative analysis of the lateral deviation of the vehicle trajectory is carried out, applying the cosine similarity method. Furthermore, a data-driven method was adopted which takes the longitudinal displacement, lateral displacement, vehicle speed and steering wheel angle of the vehicle as inputs and the lateral offset as the output. Thus, a curve trajectory planning model, a more comprehensive and human-like operation, is established. Based on directional long short-term memory (Bi–LSTM) and a recurrent neural network (RNN), a multiple Bi–LSTM (Mul–Bi–LSTM) is proposed. The prediction performance of LSTM, MLP model and Mul–Bi–LSTM are compared in detail on the validation set and testing set. The results show that the Mul–Bi–LSTM model can generate a trajectory which is very similar to the driver’s curve driving and have a preferable generalization performance. Therefore, this method can solve problems which cannot be realized in real complex scenes in the simulator validation. Selecting the trajectory as the validation parameter can more comprehensively and intuitively reflect the simulator’s curve driving state. Using a speed model and trajectory model instead of a real car experiment can improve the efficiency of simulator validation and lay a foundation for the standardization of simulator validation.

Simulator Evaluation of Road Signs and Signals

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (14) ◽  
pp. 903-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wade Allen ◽  
Zareh Parseghian ◽  
Theodore J. Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Cost Simulation ◽  
Lane Position

This paper describes a accuracy versus speed paradigm for evaluating signing and traffic signal conditions using low cost simulation technology. Two research examples are reviewed. One study involved the use of an interactive driving simulator that included the presentation of high resolution signs over the apparent viewing range from 500 to 50 feet. Drivers had to control vehicle speed and lane position while identifying the meaning of symbol signs as rapidly as possible. Subjects were scored in terms of correctness and the distance at which signs were identified. A second study involved a computer controlled presentation of static signalled intersection scenes, including supplemental signs, to subjects who were required to make decisions about permissive movements. Subjects were required to make decisions about permissive movements as rapidly as possible, and were scored by the computer on correctness and response time. Results in both studies showed that both response speed and correctness degrade with the complexity of signal and sign treatments.

scholarly journals Driving simulator study of the relationship between motion strategy preference and self-reported driving behavior

SIMULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 003754972199971
Author(s):  
Carolina Rengifo ◽  
Jean-Rémy Chardonnet ◽  
Hakim Mohellebi ◽  
Damien Paillot ◽  
Andras Kemeny
Keyword(s):  
Motion Perception ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
Motion Cueing ◽  
Perception Model ◽  
Positive Correlations

Faithful motion restitution in driving simulators normally focuses on track monitoring and maximizing the platform workspace by leaving aside the principal component—the driver. Therefore, in this work we investigated the role of the motion perception model on motion cueing algorithms from a user’s viewpoint. We focused on the driving behavior influence regarding motion perception in a driving simulator. Participants drove a driving simulator with two different configurations: (a) using the platform dynamic model and (b) using a supplementary motion perception model. Both strategies were compared and the participants’ data were classified according to the strategy they preferred. To this end, we developed a driving behavior questionnaire aiming at evaluating the self-reported driving behavior influence on participants’ motion cueing preferences. The results showed significant differences between the participants who chose different strategies and the scored driving behavior in the hostile and violations factors. In order to support these findings, we compared participants’ behaviors and actual motion driving simulator indicators such as speed, jerk, and lateral position. The analysis revealed that motion preferences arise from different reasons linked to the realism or smoothness in motion. Also, strong positive correlations were found between hostile and violation behaviors of the group who preferred the strategy with the supplementary motion perception model, and objective measures such as jerk and speed on different road segments. This indicates that motion perception in driving simulators may depend not only on the type of motion cueing strategy, but may also be influenced by users’ self-reported driving behaviors.

The Higher Order Asymptotic Fields for Plane Interfacial Crack with Physical Weak-Discontinuity

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1314-1318
Author(s):  
Yao Dai ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Jun Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Asymptotic Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Interfacial Crack ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Weak Discontinuity ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Asymptotic Fields

The higher order discontinuous asymptotic fields which are similar to the Williams’ solutions of homogenous material are obtained by the displacement method and asymptotic analysis for a plane crack at the physical weak-discontinuous interface in non-homogeneous materials. The results provide a theoretical basis for the numerical analysis, experimental investigation and the engineering application of physical weak-discontinuous fracture.

Drivers’ Gaze Behaviors are Influenced by Vehicle Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1625-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Okafuji ◽  
Takahiro Wada ◽  
Toshihito Sugiura ◽  
Kazuomi Murakami ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Lateral Deviation ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Fixation Distance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Vehicle Position ◽  
Lane Keeping

Drivers’ gaze behaviors in naturalistic and simulated driving tasks have been investigated for decades. Many studies focus on driving environment to explain a driver’s gaze. However, if there is a great need to use compensatory steering for lane-keeping, drivers could preferentially acquire information directly required for the task. Therefore, we assumed that a driver’s gaze behavior was influenced not only by the environment but also the vehicle position, especially the lateral position. To verify our hypothesis, we carried out a long-time driving simulator experiment, and the gaze behaviors of two participating drivers were analyzed. Results showed that gaze behavior—the fixation distance and the lateral deviation of the fixation—was influenced by the lateral deviation of the vehicle. Consequently, we discussed processes that determined drivers’ gaze behaviors.

Advance Information on the Road: A Simulator Study of the Effect of Road Markings

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Witt ◽  
Carl G. Hoyos
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
The Road ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Road Signs ◽  
Advance Information ◽  
Simulator Study ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Accident Statistics

Accident statistics and studies of driving behavior have shown repeatedly that curved roads are hazardous. It was hypothesized that the safety of curves could be improved by indicating in advance the course of the road in a more effective way than do traditional road signs. A code of sequences of stripes put on right edge of the pavement was developed to indicate to the driver the radius of the curve ahead. The main characteristic of this code was the frequency of transitions from code elements to gaps between elements. The effect of these markings was investigated on a driving simulator. Twelve subjects drove on simulated roads of different curvature and with different placement of the code in the approach zone. Some positive effects of the advance information could be observed. The subjects drove more steadily, more precisely, and with a more suitable speed profile.

scholarly journals A new approach to assess the influence of road roughness on driver speed behavior based on driving simulator tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano Pernetti ◽  
Mauro D’Apuzzo Mauro D’Apuzzo ◽  
Francesco Galante
Keyword(s):  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Roughness

Vehicle speed is one of main parameters describing driver behavior and it is of paramount importance as it affects the travel safety level. Speed is, in turn, affected by several factors among which in-vehicle vibration may play a significant role. Most of speed reducing traffic calming countermeasures adopted nowadays rely on vertical vibration level perceived by drivers that is based on the dynamic interaction between the vehicle and the road roughness. On the other hand, this latter has to be carefully monitored and controlled as it is a key parameter in pavement managements systems since it influences riding comfort, pavement damage and Vehicle Operating Costs. There is therefore the need to analyse the trade-off between safety requirements and maintenance issues related to road roughness level. In this connection, experimental studies aimed at evaluating the potential of using road roughness in mitigating drivers’ speed in a controlled environment may provide added value in dealing with this issue. In this paper a new research methodology making use of a dynamic driver simulator operating at the TEST Laboratory in Naples is presented in order to investigate the relationship between the driver speed behavior on one hand, and the road roughness level, road alignment and environment, vehicle characteristics on the other. Following an initial calibration phase, preliminary results seem fairly promising since they comply with the published data derived from scientific literature.

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