Strategic Route Planning to Manage Transit’s Susceptibility to Disease Transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199781
Author(s):  
Sylvan Hoover ◽  
J. David Porter ◽  
Claudio Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
State University ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Vehicle Capacity ◽  
Transit Routes

Transit agencies have experienced dramatic changes in service and ridership because of the COVID-19 pandemic. As communities transition to a new normal, strategic measures are needed to support continuing disease suppression efforts. This research provides actionable results to transit agencies in the form of improved transit routes. A multi-objective heuristic optimization framework employing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II algorithm generates multiple route solutions that allow transit agencies to balance the utility of service to riders against the susceptibility of routes to enabling the spread of disease in a community. This research uses origin–destination data from a sample population to assess the utility of routes to potential riders, allows vehicle capacity constraints to be varied to support social distancing efforts, and evaluates the resulting transit encounter network produced from the simulated use of transit as a proxy for the susceptibility of a transit system to facilitating the transmission of disease among its riders. A case study of transit at Oregon State University is presented with multiple transit network solutions evaluated and the resulting encounter networks investigated. The improved transit network solution with the closest number of riders (1.2% more than baseline) provides a 10.7% reduction of encounter network edges.

Multiagent Learning-Based Approach to Transit Assignment Problem

2005 ◽  
Vol 1926 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Wahba ◽  
Amer Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Assignment Problem ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Transit Assignment ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Passenger Travel ◽  
Transit Routes

This paper presents an operational prototype of an innovative framework for the transit assignment problem, structured in a multiagent way and inspired by a learning-based approach. The proposed framework is based on representing passengers and their learning and decision-making activities explicitly. The underlying hypothesis is that individual passengers are expected to adjust their behavior (i.e., trip choices) according to their experience with transit system performance. A hypothetical transit network, which consists of 22 routes and 194 stops, has been developed within a microsimulation platform (Paramics). A population of 3,000 passengers was generated and synthesized to model the transit assignment process in the morning peak period. Using reinforcement learning to represent passengers’ adaptation and accounting for differences in passengers’ preferences and the dynamics of the transit network, the prototype has demonstrated that the proposed approach can simultaneously predict how passengers will choose their routes and estimate the total passenger travel cost in a congested network as well as loads on different transit routes.

scholarly journals Internet GIS-Based Multimodal Public Transport Trip Planning Information System for Travelers in Lithuania

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakimavičius ◽  
Palevičius ◽  
Antuchevičiene ◽  
Karpavičius
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Route Planning ◽  
Trip Planning ◽  
Transit System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Trip Planner ◽  
Transit Routes

The main purpose of this research is to present the developed VINTRA system, a comprehensive solution to a fully developed public transit system in Lithuania, and it is very important in encouraging travelers to use public transport. VINTRA is not simply a trip planner; it is capable of planning multimodal public transport trips, using different parameters in public transport trip planning. This system has the functionality to create and edit public transport route trajectories and to edit and calculate timetables according to the distance between stops. This research presents the public transport trip planning parameters procedure of the calculated walking route directions, integrated with the calculation results of public transit routes, as well as combining visualization in digital maps. This paper also discusses how route-planning systems could perform data exchange based on General Transit Feed Specification and how assessment of the public transport trip planning results, compared to the VINTRA system created with Google, was performed.

Passenger Route Choice Behavior with Congestion Consideration

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 1876-1880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zeng ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Route Choice ◽  
Transit Assignment ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Route Choice Behavior ◽  
Assignment Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Vehicle Capacity

Few studies have adequately focused on passenger route choice behavior with congestion consideration, or provided useful guidance on passenger route choice and hence the transit assignment model, which is the writing motivation of this paper. With congestion consideration, travel cost is assessed and and ways to reduce it also identified. Finally, an actual transit network of Chengdu is used as a case study to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model. The result indicates that the vehicle capacity is an important factor that cant be ignored and a better understanding of passenger route behavior could significantly benefit public transit system.

Usage, Impacts, and Benefits of Innovative Transit Pass Program

1998 ◽  
Vol 1618 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Meyer ◽  
Edward A. Beimborn
Keyword(s):  
Transit System ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Milwaukee County ◽  
Successful Program ◽  
Pass Program ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
The University

An evaluation of an innovative transit program, UPASS, is summarized. UPASS provides unlimited use of the Milwaukee County Transit System at any time and any place and for any purpose for all students enrolled at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. The pass program, paid for by a special fee attached to students’ tuition, was implemented in fall 1994 and was extensively evaluated to determine its impact on ridership and other factors and to determine whether the concept has the potential for transfer to other organizations and employers. Benefits and disbenefits to transit users, nonusers, employers, and transit agencies are described. In addition, elements of a successful program are outlined.

Accessibility Scenario Analysis of a Hypothetical Future Transit Network: Social Equity Implications of a General Transit Feed Specification–Based Sketch Planning Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 2671 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Guthrie ◽  
Yingling Fan ◽  
Kirti Vardhan Das
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
Transit Planning ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Accessibility Analysis ◽  
Transit Accessibility

Accessibility analysis can have important implications for understanding social equity in transit planning. The emergence and the increasingly broad acceptance of the general transit feed specification (GTFS) format for transit route, stop, and schedule data have revolutionized transit accessibility research by providing researchers with a convenient, publicly available source of data interoperable with common geographic information system (GIS) software. Existing approaches to GTFS-based transit analysis, however, focus on currently operating transit systems. With major transit expansions across the nation and around the world increasing in number and ambition, understanding the accessibility impacts of proposed projects in their early planning stages is crucial to achieving the greatest possible social benefit from these massive public investments. This paper describes the development of a hypothetical transit network based on current GTFS data and proposed 2040 transit improvements for the Twin Cities region of Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Minnesota, as well as its use as a sketch planning tool in exploring the proposed system’s impacts on access to job vacancies from historically disadvantaged areas. This research demonstrates the importance of accessibility analysis in planning a transit system that increases opportunity for marginalized workers and concludes by calling for broader, easier access to accessibility analysis for practitioners and community groups to refine the early stages of the transit planning process and democratize an increasingly crucial transit planning tool.

scholarly journals An Improved NSGA-II Algorithm for Transit Network Design and Frequency Setting Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shushan Chai ◽  
Qinghuai Liang
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Generation Mode ◽  
Np Hard Problem ◽  
Transit Network Design ◽  
Population Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Transit Routes

The transit network design and frequency setting problem is related to the generation of transit routes with corresponding frequency schedule. Considering not only the influence of transfers but also the delay caused by congestion on passengers’ travel time, a multi-objective transit network design model is developed. The model aims to minimize the travel time of passengers and minimize the number of vehicles used in the network. To solve the model belongs to a NP-Hard problem and is intractable due to the high complexity and strict constraints. In order to obtain the better network schemes, a multi-population genetic algorithm is proposed based on NSGA-II framework. With the algorithm, network generation, mode choice, demand assignment, and frequency setting are all integrated to be solved. The effectiveness of the algorithm which includes the high global convergence and the applicability for the problem is verified by comparison with previous works and calculation of a real-size case. The model and algorithm can be used to provide candidates for the sustainable policy formulation of urban transit network scheme.

Understanding Transit Agency Perceptions about Transportation Network Companies, Shared Mobility, and Autonomous Transit: Lessons from the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-108
Author(s):  
Mengjie Han ◽  
Matthew D. Dean ◽  
Pedro Adorno Maldonado ◽  
Parfait Masungi ◽  
Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Transportation Network Companies

Emergent technologies like autonomous/connected vehicles and shared mobility platforms are anticipated to significantly affect various aspects of the transportation network such as safety, mobility, accessibility, environmental effects, and economics. Transit agencies play a critical role in this network by providing mobility to populations unable to drive or afford personal vehicles, and in some localities carry passengers more efficiently than other modes. As transit agencies plan for the future, uncertainty remains with how to best leverage new technologies. A survey completed by 50 transit agencies across the United States revealed similar yet different perceptions and preparations regarding transportation network companies (TNCs) and autonomous transit (AT) systems. Transit agencies believe TNC market share will grow, either minimally or rapidly (72%), within the next 5 years and have either a negative (43%) or positive (35%) impact on their transit system. Only 30% of agency boards instructed the agency to work with TNCs, despite no perceived transit union support. For AT systems, 22% of agencies are studying them, 64% believe the impacts of AT over the next 10–20 years will be positive, but fewer agencies are influenced to consider new technologies because of AT systems (38%) compared with TNCs (72%). Surprisingly, transit administration is mostly unsure about driver and transit unions’ perceptions of these technologies. In addition, a significant number of transit agencies do not believe they should play a role in ensuring TNCs are safe and equitable and that TNCs should not have to adhere to the same regulations (50%, 28% respectively).

URBAN TRANSIT SYSTEM AS A SCALE-FREE NETWORK

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (19n20) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIANJUN WU ◽  
ZIYOU GAO ◽  
HUIJUN SUN ◽  
HAIJUN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Scale Free Network ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Free Network ◽  
System Data ◽  
Random Failures

Many systems can be represented by networks as a set of nodes joined together by links indicating interaction. Recently studies have suggested that a lot of real networks are scale-free, such as the WWW, social networks, etc. In this paper, discoveries of scale-free characteristics are reported on the network constructed from the real urban transit system data in Beijing. It is shown that the connectivity distribution of the transit network decays as a power-law, and the exponent λ is about equal to 2.24 from the simulation graph. Based on the scale-free network topology structure of the transit network, if only transit "hub nodes" are controlled well, the transit network can resist random failures (such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, etc.) successfully.

Evaluating Real-Time Bus Arrival Information Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 1731 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi G. Mishalani ◽  
Sungjoon Lee ◽  
Mark R. McCord
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Bus Stops ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Time Systems ◽  
Time Information

Real-time transit passenger information systems are intended to improve the level of service provided by transit agencies. For example, passengers are given real-time information on the expected arrival times of buses on various routes at bus stops. These real-time systems reflect emerging applications in public transit, and methods to evaluate their benefits are limited. An evaluation method is presented that focuses on the potential benefits of bus arrival information systems to passengers waiting at bus stops. Passenger arrivals and transit bus operations are modeled as a stochastic system in which the operator uses real-time bus location data to provide bus arrival-time information that maximizes passengers' utilities. Simulation results reveal the nature of the dependence of system benefits on the type of real-time data available to the operator and the bus operations characteristics. An application to an existing bus transit system demonstrates the feasibility of the developed method and its role in assessing the value of real-time bus arrival information systems to passengers.

The Hangover: Assessing Impact of Major Service Interruptions on Urban Rail Transit Ridership

2017 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Julene Paul ◽  
Michael J. Smart
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hurricane Sandy ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Service Interruptions ◽  
Transit Ridership ◽  
Transit Agencies

Driven by several factors, transit ridership has increased dramatically in some major U.S. urban areas over the past several years. Developing accurate econometric models of system ridership growth will help transit agencies plan for future capacity. As major weather events and maintenance issues can affect transit systems and have large impacts on the trajectory of ridership growth, this study examined the effect of major and minor service interruptions on the PATH heavy rail transit system in northern New Jersey and New York City. The study, which used PATH ridership data as well as data on weather, economic conditions, and fares for both PATH and competing services, concluded that Hurricane Sandy likely dampened ridership gains. Other major service interruptions, which lasted only hours or days, had little effect on long-term ridership growth. Suggestions for further study of service interruptions, especially in the face of climate change and resiliency issues in coastal regions, are presented.

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