Effect of Price and Time on Private and Shared Transportation Network Company Trips

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199870
Author(s):  
Scott R. Middleton ◽  
Kyle A. Schroeckenthaler ◽  
Deepak Gopalakrishna ◽  
Allen Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Private Party ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Segmentation Analysis ◽  
Sizable Proportion ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
American Cities

Transportation network companies (TNCs) offer two types of service: private-party ridehailing and shared ridehailing. Policymakers have an interest in encouraging shared over private ridehailing to promote more efficient use of the transportation network. While transportation researchers have analyzed ridehailing behavior before, there is limited literature describing the effect of price and time on a rider’s choice between private-party and shared ridehailing. This paper fills this gap by analyzing revealed preferences for private-party and shared ridehailing trips in 15 American cities coupled with a survey of 4,365 users of a large TNC that includes stated preference questions focused on various alternative options for their most recent trip choice. This study finds that an increase in the relative price difference of $1 per mile increases an individual’s probability of sharing by over 8%, while a decrease in the relative travel time difference of 1 min per mile increases the probability of sharing by over 33%. The survey results also show that that a sizable proportion of private-party TNC trips (approximately 35%) will be difficult or even impossible to convert to shared rides through a price-based incentive. Market segmentation analysis reveals user and trip types where price- and time-based incentives have a relatively greater effect on the choice between private and shared rides. Finally, heterogeneity in user time versus money trade-offs suggests new product possibilities that would increase TNC sharing.

scholarly journals Understanding uptake of digital health products: Methodology tutorial for a Discrete Choice Experiment using a Bayesian efficient design (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy Szinay ◽  
Rory Cameron ◽  
Felix Naughton ◽  
Jennifer A. Whitty ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Choice Experiment ◽  
Discrete Choice ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Health Products

UNSTRUCTURED Understanding the preferences of potential users of digital health products is beneficial for digital health policy and planning. Stated preference methods could help elicit individuals’ preferences in the absence of observational data. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) is a commonly used stated preference method; a quantitative methodology that argues that individuals make trade-offs when engaging in a decision by choosing an alternative of a product or service that offers the greatest utility, or benefit. This methodology is widely used in health economics in situations where revealed preferences are difficult to collect but is much less used in the field of digital health. This article outlines the stages involved in developing a discrete choice experiment. As a case study, it uses the application of a DCE for revealing preferences in targeting the uptake of smoking cessation apps. It describes the establishment of attributes, the construction of choice tasks of two or more alternatives, and the development of the experimental design. This tutorial offers a guide for researchers with no prior knowledge of this research technique.

Understanding Grain Movements for Demand Estimation

2005 ◽  
Vol 1909 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Jessup ◽  
Ken Casavant
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Demand Models ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Grain Marketing ◽  
Discrete Choice Demand

Grain producers and handlers in Washington State have benefited from a multimodal transportation network of roads, railroads, and the Columbia–Snake River barge system to move large amounts of grain effectively in a timely and economic manner. The competitive environment of the grain industry brings many changes, including the number of firms and houses, mergers, and modal competitiveness. Additionally, marketing strategies are affected because choices of available transportation modes reflect the decision processes of warehouses or firm managers. This aggregate study of grain marketing and transportation in the Pacific Northwest helps lay the groundwork for subsequent estimates of empirical demand. Such subsequent modeling attempts may include revealed and stated preference analysis in discrete choice demand models. A thorough understanding of the industry and market characteristics should improve empirical estimation efforts and produce more defensible policy analysis. Based on a 90% shipment volume response rate, results show that in the Columbia–Snake River grain situation, one destination absorbs more than 90% of shipments. Modal competition is active; barge has a market share of more than 50%, down 12–16% from 10 years ago. Multiple-car shipments have increased, but not drastically. Rates are consistently competitive over the period. Finally, grain demand is seasonal but generally has been stable over time. The revealed preferences from this aggregate analysis suggest that price elasticity may vary across shippers, times of movement, and modal availability.

Health Care Cost Containment in Large American Cities

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perry Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
American Cities

This research provides information about the health care cost containment efforts of local governments and agencies across the United States, particularly in large American cities. Survey results indicate that while the public sector lags behind the private sector, public agencies are beginning to match the cost containment efforts of private employers. While initiation of these efforts represents considerable recent progress, their tangible benefits are not yet apparent.

Managing Contentious Collective Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
Calla Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Chapter 5 develops an ethnography of street vendors, their organizations, and the city officials who they interact with in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. The chapter is based on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the city over four research trips in 2012, 2014 to 2015, 2018, and 2019 as well as administrative data on 31,906 street vending licenses in the city. Fieldwork included interviews, participant observation at dozens of meetings between bureaucrats and organized vendors, ride-alongs with the Municipal Guard, a street vendor survey, working as a street vendor in a clothing market, and selling wedding services with a street vendor cooperative. The theory’s observable implications are illustrated with ethnographic evidence, survey results, and license data from La Paz. I discuss how street vending has changed in the city and how officials have intervened in collective action decisions as the informal sector grew. The chapter demonstrates that officials increased benefits to organized vendors as the costs of regulating markets increased. Additionally, the leaders that take advantage of these offers tend to have more resources than their colleagues, and as the offers increased, so did the level of organization among the city’s street vendors. The chapter also discusses the many trade-offs that officials make in implementing different policies, and how officials manage the often combative organizations that they encourage.

scholarly journals An Optimal Transport Approach for the Schrödinger Bridge Problem and Convergence of Sinkhorn Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Di Marino ◽  
Augusto Gerolin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
A Priori Estimates ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Alternative Proof ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Existence Of A Solution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Bridge Problem ◽  
Schrödinger Bridge

AbstractThis paper exploit the equivalence between the Schrödinger Bridge problem (Léonard in J Funct Anal 262:1879–1920, 2012; Nelson in Phys Rev 150:1079, 1966; Schrödinger in Über die umkehrung der naturgesetze. Verlag Akademie der wissenschaften in kommission bei Walter de Gruyter u, Company, 1931) and the entropy penalized optimal transport (Cuturi in: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 2292–2300, 2013; Galichon and Salanié in: Matching with trade-offs: revealed preferences over competing characteristics. CEPR discussion paper no. DP7858, 2010) in order to find a different approach to the duality, in the spirit of optimal transport. This approach results in a priori estimates which are consistent in the limit when the regularization parameter goes to zero. In particular, we find a new proof of the existence of maximizing entropic-potentials and therefore, the existence of a solution of the Schrödinger system. Our method extends also when we have more than two marginals: the main new result is the proof that the Sinkhorn algorithm converges even in the continuous multi-marginal case. This provides also an alternative proof of the convergence of the Sinkhorn algorithm in two marginals.

Trade-Offs Between Time, Cost, and Uncertainty by Commuters in Hyderabad, India: Stated Preference Survey Assessment

2004 ◽  
Vol 1878 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Gorham ◽  
Seshasai Kanchi ◽  
Bill Cowart ◽  
Raghava Chari ◽  
Viresh Goel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stated Preference ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Stated Preference Survey ◽  
Trade Offs

scholarly journals Individual Trade‐Offs Between Possible Benefits and Risks of Cancer Treatments: Results from a Stated Preference Study with Patients with Multiple Myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douwe Postmus ◽  
Sarah Richard ◽  
Nathalie Bere ◽  
Gert van Valkenhoef ◽  
Jayne Galinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Preference Study

scholarly journals SOME INTRANATIONAL EVIDENCE ON OUTPUT-INFLATION TRADE-OFFS

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Hess ◽  
Kwanho Shin
Keyword(s):  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
New Keynesian ◽  
Real Output ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
Supply Relationship ◽  
Individual Market ◽  
The Individual

In a seminal paper, Robert E. Lucas, Jr. provided the theoretical relationship between aggregate demand and real output based on relative price confusion at the individual market level. Subsequently, an alternative New Keynesian aggregate supply relationship was derived and it was demonstrated that the two theories can be distinguished on the basis of how both the rate of inflation and the volatility of relative prices affect its slope. By emphasizing the first implication of New Keynesian theory, strong evidence was obtained supporting this model using international data. We also concentrate on the second difference between the two theories. We derive the individual market-level equilibrium relationship for the Lucas model, i.e., the disaggregate supply curve. We estimate the crucial parameters of the relationship between aggregate nominal demand shocks and real output using U.S. intranational state and industry data. We find that the Lucas model omits important New Keynesian features of the data.

scholarly journals Patient Preferences to Assess Value IN Gene Therapies: Protocol Development for the PAVING Study in Hemophilia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van Overbeeke ◽  
Brett Hauber ◽  
Sissel Michelsen ◽  
Michel Goldman ◽  
Steven Simoens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Preferences ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Health Gain ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Protocol Development ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Innovative Therapies

Introduction: Gene therapies are innovative therapies that are increasingly being developed. However, health technology assessment (HTA) and payer decision making on these therapies is impeded by uncertainties, especially regarding long-term outcomes. Through measuring patient preferences regarding gene therapies, the importance of unique elements that go beyond health gain can be quantified and inform value assessments. We designed a study, namely the Patient preferences to Assess Value IN Gene therapies (PAVING) study, that can inform HTA and payers by investigating trade-offs that adult Belgian hemophilia A and B patients are willing to make when asked to choose between a standard of care and gene therapy.Methods and Analysis: An eight-step approach was taken to establish the protocol for this study: (1) stated preference method selection, (2) initial attributes identification, (3) stakeholder (HTA and payer) needs identification, (4) patient relevant attributes and information needs identification, (5) level identification and choice task construction, (6) educational tool design, (7) survey integration, and (8) piloting and pretesting. In the end, a threshold technique survey was designed using the attributes “Annual bleeding rate,” “Chance to stop prophylaxis,” “Time that side effects have been studied,” and “Quality of Life.”Ethics and Dissemination: The Medical Ethics Committee of UZ KU Leuven/Research approved the study. Results from the study will be presented to stakeholders and patients at conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. We hope that results from the PAVING study can inform decision makers on the acceptability of uncertainties and the value of gene therapies to patients.

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