Managing Contentious Collective Action

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
Calla Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Many ◽  
The City

Chapter 5 develops an ethnography of street vendors, their organizations, and the city officials who they interact with in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. The chapter is based on 14 months of ethnographic fieldwork in the city over four research trips in 2012, 2014 to 2015, 2018, and 2019 as well as administrative data on 31,906 street vending licenses in the city. Fieldwork included interviews, participant observation at dozens of meetings between bureaucrats and organized vendors, ride-alongs with the Municipal Guard, a street vendor survey, working as a street vendor in a clothing market, and selling wedding services with a street vendor cooperative. The theory’s observable implications are illustrated with ethnographic evidence, survey results, and license data from La Paz. I discuss how street vending has changed in the city and how officials have intervened in collective action decisions as the informal sector grew. The chapter demonstrates that officials increased benefits to organized vendors as the costs of regulating markets increased. Additionally, the leaders that take advantage of these offers tend to have more resources than their colleagues, and as the offers increased, so did the level of organization among the city’s street vendors. The chapter also discusses the many trade-offs that officials make in implementing different policies, and how officials manage the often combative organizations that they encourage.

scholarly journals The Strategy of Street Vendors in Facing Local Government Policy. A Case of Street Vendor in Bandung

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Rina Hermawati
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
City Government ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Big City ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

Objective - The presence of street vendors in public places has emerged some problems, such as disordered situation, traffic jam and decreasing aesthetics of the city. In order to overcome the problems, Bandung have some policies issued such as relocation, arrangement and business loans. However, these policies never completely solve the street vendors problems. This research will describe the strategy of street vendors in retaining the existence of their selling place. Methodology/Technique - The research took place in Bandung using the qualitative approach. Bandung is one of the big city in Indonesia and also capital of west java province. The activity of data collection was conducted through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Findings - The result of the research shows that the strategy of street vendors in resisting the city government was conducted through various ways, both disguised and open ones. Both types of resistance were committed individually and collectively. Novelty - This article describes the tactics and strategies developed by the street vendors to face the government policy. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Street Vendors; Public Places; Public Policy; Resistance; Relocation. JEL Classification: P25, J48.

Why Do Informal Workers Organize?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Calla Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Capacity Constraints ◽  
Grassroots Activism ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Informal Work ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Informal Workers

Chapter 1 introduces the puzzle of organized street vendors with the stories of two street vendors: Rosa, the founding leader of a champagne ladies’ union in La Paz, and Renato, who works as an unorganized electronics vendor in São Paulo. The chapter then situates the puzzle within existing research on collective action, civil society, informal work, and state capacity. According to most scholars, informal workers do not organize, which makes Rosa’s union and its affiliation with a national street vendor confederation puzzling. The chapter outlines an explanation for why informal workers organize, assesses alternative explanations around grassroots activism and clientelism, and presents the research design for the book. Specifically, it finds that officials encourage informal workers to organize self-regulating groups. The chapter argues that this is most likely to happen where officials have governance goals and career ambitions but face capacity constraints and where informal workers have the know-how to organize self-regulating groups.

How to Make Money while Running from the Cops

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Calla Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
City Governments ◽  
La Paz ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Survey Participant ◽  
El Alto ◽  
The City

Chapter 6 develops the theory in a comparative context, by adding case studies of organized and unorganized street vendors and the city governments that they interact with in El Alto, Bolivia and two districts in São Paulo, Brazil. The chapter is based on original interview, survey, participant observation, and ethnographic data that was collected during a total of three months in each city over four research trips in 2012, 2014 to 2015, 2018, and 2019. As part of the project, the author briefly sold selfie sticks as a street vendor in a central district of São Paulo in 2015. Comparing the city of La Paz to the neighboring city of El Alto holds many national-level features constant but varies city government enforcement capacity. Comparing two districts in São Paulo to each other and then La Paz and El Alto adds more variation on enforcement capacity. São Paulo, the large, modern metropolis of the region’s richest country, with many employment opportunities, services, stable laws, and a history of labor organizing, should have more organized street vendors than La Paz, according to resource- or political context-based theories of collective action. Instead, only 2 percent of São Paulo’s 100,000 vendors are organized, compared to 75 percent of La Paz’s 60,000. I explain this difference with the interaction between individual resources, official incentives, and local government enforcement capacity.

Tianguis as a Possibility of Autogestion: Street Vendors Claim Rights to the City in Cancún, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global South ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
The City ◽  
Rights To The City

During the past 20 years, street vendors in various cities in the Global South have resisted aggressive state sanctioned removals and relocation strategies by organizing for vendors’ rights, protesting, and creating street vending member organizations with flexible relationships to the local state. Through these means, street vendors claim “rights in the city,” even as the bodies they inhabit and the spaces they produce are devalued by state legitimizing systems. In this article, I present a case study of the Union de Tianguistas y Comerciantes Ambulantes del Estado de Quintana Roo, a “bottom-up” driven, flexible street vending membership organization not formalized by the state in Cancún. I argue that the Union becomes a platform for street vendors to claim rights to the city, and exemplifies vending systems that combine economic activities with leisure spaces in marginalized urban areas, and circumvent strict vending regulations without being absorbed into or directly monitored by the state. Highlighting the Union’s sustainable practices of spatial transformation, and vision of self-managed spaces of socioeconomic urban life in Cancún, illuminates how the members of the Union claim rights to the city as an example of a process of awakening toward imagining possibilities for urban futures that moves away from the state and capitalists systems, and akin to what Lefebvre termed autogestion toward resisting neoliberal ideologies that currently dominate urban planning projects in the Global South.

Legalizing Street Vending in Los Angeles: Reframing a Movement during the Fourth Wave of Feminism

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052097678
Author(s):  
Sara Bruene ◽  
Moshoula Capous-Desyllas
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Frame Alignment ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
The City

Street vending was criminalized in the city of Los Angeles since the 1930s. The Los Angeles Street Vendor Campaign (LASVC) utilized several framing tactics over the last several years in order to mobilize participants to decriminalize and legalize the profession of street vending. This article applies frame alignment theory to illustrate how the LASVC reached its goals. This case study utilizes qualitative interviews of key players in the LASVC movement and a content analysis of LASVC’S Facebook page to document their push toward decriminalization over the course of 1 year. The LASVC transformed their narrative from issues of immigration and labor rights and reframed street vending as a women’s justice issue. By doing so, the LASVC extended the boundaries of their frames to incorporate the voices of women of color whose online and on-the-ground efforts to mobilize a larger population manifested during an era of the fourth wave feminism.

scholarly journals Citra Kawasan Manahan Kota Surakarta Sebagai Lokasi Stabilisasi PKL

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Murtanti Jani Rahayu ◽  
Imam Buchori ◽  
Retno Widjajanti ◽  
Rufia Andisetyana Putri ◽  
Erma Fitria Rini
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Environmental Orientation ◽  
Visual Technique ◽  
Aesthetic Style ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The City

Stabilization as one of the street vendors arrangement type conducted by the government of Surakarta, that have great implications on the aesthetic style and form at some city parts. Some parts of Surakarta has changed a lot since the inauguration of the location, that is a public space, as a street vendors stabilization location in part of the area. Manahan area is one of the locations of street vendor stabilization that is considered successful. The presence of street vendors who have been arranged in the area Manahan able to attract visitors both weekand and weekdays, especially on holidays. This area is also more easily remembered by the visitors than other areas that there is no stabilization of street vendors. It means that this area has good and unique image quality that can be a memory for visitors. The purpose of this paper is to explore the image of street vendor Manahan stabilization area. Understanding the image of city area, principle that is used to assess the five basic elements of image formers include landmarks, path, edge, district and node. All five elements will be the componens in assessing the identity, identity and meaning that will shape the cognition of visitors so that it can be used as environmental orientation when someone is in a place. The introduction of Manahan stabilization area begins with stimulation done by graphic and visual technique before the interviews made a cognitive map in Stabilisasi PKL Manahan area and also made familiarity-favorability-semantic differensial assesment. This area has the potential of sustainability and good image compared to other stabilization locations, so that the managed street vendors can continue to grow and the location of the arrangement becomes an attractive area and supports the identity of the city of Surakarta as a merchant friendly city by staying a beautiful and friendly city for all the citizens and tourists who visit it.

scholarly journals LEADERSHIP STYLES: INCENTIVE OR DISINCENTIVE APPROACH IN ADDRESSING STREET VENDOR PROBLEMS IN JAKARTA AND BANDUNG, INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariva Sugandi Permana ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Ho Chin Siong
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Capital City ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
West Java ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Results

The problems of street vendors have long been experienced by most big cities in Indonesia. A newly emerged city leadership style in Jakarta and Bandung City shows two different approaches towards sustainable solution of street vendor problem. While Governor of Jakarta applies an incentive approach to street vendors by transferring them from the streets of Jakarta to appropriate place, Mayor of Bandung City applies disincentive approach to the buyers of street vendors by giving penalty to those making transaction with the vendors in “red zone”. This study was undertaken in Jakarta Metropolitan, the Capital City of Indonesia and Bandung City, the Capital City of West Java Province. The choice of Jakarta and Bandung was based mainly on the new paradigm of city leadership in Indonesia as reflected by these two leaders of the city. They are both out-of-the-box leaders. Both approaches exhibit the positive results on the easiness of traffic in the area, positive image of the area as perceived by most citizens, and cleanliness.

scholarly journals Dampak Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan PKL di Kota Jakarta, Bandung dan Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211
Author(s):  
Murtanti Jani Rahayu ◽  
Septyani Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Regional Government ◽  
Street Vendor ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
City Space ◽  
Vendor Management ◽  
Economical Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

As a developing country, Indonesia has a huge number of street vendors. Because of that, the existence of street vendors needs a special attention. This special attention is needed because streer vendors mostly occupy city's public spaces. Street vendor management in Indonesia's cities is based on the regulations that was made by each regional government which is pointing to Indonesia's higher level of regulation. Each regional regulation has their own unique characteristics. Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya are big cities that have street vendor problems that also have street vendor management regulations. From those three cities, the advantages and disadvantages of their regulation's contents will be revealed, enriched by information digging and research results. From the regulation side, those three cities showed their concern about regulations regarding street vendors. The forms of restructuring that has been done are relocation and stabilization. Those three cities are also supported by private sector regarding street vendor management. Street vendor management has a vital contribution towards regional economical growth and street vendor's income growth. These positive impacts increases the efficiency of city space management, so the city itself will look tidy, beautiful, and not congested, but street vendors are still poppimg out in restricted areas and old spaces, if the new managed locations are far from the crowds, the impact will decrease street vendor's income

Assembling street vending

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1887-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojgan Taheri Tafti
Keyword(s):  
Global South ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Politics Of Resistance ◽  
Exclusionary Policies ◽  
The City ◽  
Spatially Differentiated

Current scholarship on street vending in cities of the global south have mainly focused on street vendors and their politics of resistance against the state’s revanchist and exclusionary policies. This article draws from, and seeks to contribute to, this literature by considering the strategies of, and the shifting associations between, a broader range of agents – in addition to street vendors themselves – and the ways they shape and reshape street vending as a performed and diversely constituted practice. The article examines how the embedded relationships between agents including various state entities, shopkeepers and street vendors, as well as city buildings, infrastructure and policies, have been shaping geographically uneven and spatially differentiated forms, intensity and distribution of street vending in three different locations in Tehran. To make this argument, the article draws on assemblage thinking for framing the processes and trajectories through which urban street vending is being (re)territorialised and de-territorialised. The article demonstrates that moving beyond the dichotomised analysis of power relationships between the state and vendors matters for a better understanding of street vending practices as the local articulations of the fragmented, multi-scaled and multi-sited networks of associations that are stitched into different places in the city and shape diverse socio-material formations of street vending.

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