scholarly journals Repeatability of Full-Scale Crash Tests and Criteria for Validating Simulation Results

1996 ◽  
Vol 1528 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm H. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Crash Tests

A method of comparing two acceleration time histories to determine whether they describe similar physical events is described. The method can be used to assess the repeatability of full-scale crash tests and it can also be used as a criterion for assessing how well a finite-element analysis of a collision event simulates a corresponding full-scale crash test. The method is used to compare a series of six identical crash tests and then is used to compare several finite-element analyses with full-scale crash test results.

Predictive Residual Ovality for Reel-Laid Pipelines in Deepwater

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sriskandarajah ◽  
Venu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Laser Measurements ◽  
Numerical Finite Element

Accurate determination of residual ovality is an important parameter for a successful deployment of single pipeline and pipe-in-pipe in deep waters wherein the integrity of empty pipes during installation depends upon the collapse resistance under external hydrostatic pressure. The reel-lay process of installation during which pipeline undergoes multiple strain cycles due to spooling, reeling and straightening has a significant bearing on pipe ovalisation and hence accurate determination residual ovality at the end of straightening process is one of the key inputs. It is industry practice to use numerical finite element analysis techniques to predict residual ovality of pipelines as full scale testing is expensive and time consuming. In view of the importance of residual ovality on the pipeline integrity particularly for deepwater applications, an integrated approach of testing and finite element simulation have been used to identify the correct numerical model that predicts residual ovality accurately. This paper discusses the full scale tests performed which include material testing and bend tests performed to simulate spooling and straightening process and the pipeline deformations recorded using laser measurements at different cycles of bending process. The paper presents a brief summary of numerical finite element analyses performed to validate the test results and the effect of element types and material models used in the finite element analyses on the predictability of residual ovality. The material evolution models and their effect on the predictability of remaining ovality are discussed in the paper. Comparisons are made on the predictive residual ovality for reel lay process on single pipe and pipe-in-pipe. The effect of residual ovality on the pipeline integrity for the lateral buckling limit state under combined bending and external pressure are discussed in the paper.

Advances in the Railroad Locomotive Crashworthiness

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swamidas Punwani ◽  
Gopal Samavedam ◽  
Steve Kokkins
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fuel Tank ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Dynamic Impact ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Full Scale Tests

The paper describes locomotive and fuel tank crashworthiness research being conducted by the Federal Railroad Administration for improved safety of the locomotive crew under collision scenarios. The research involves static and dynamic impact strength evaluations of locomotive structural components. These evaluations which are based on full scale tests and simulations using finite element analysis are described in this paper. Correlations between the test and simulation results are also presented in some cases.

Crash Tests of Tension Bolts in Light Safety Collision Devices

2008 ◽  
Vol 385-387 ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sung Kim ◽  
Hoon Huh ◽  
Won Mog Choi ◽  
Tae Soo Kwon
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Compressive Loading ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Load Response ◽  
Collision Safety ◽  
Energy Absorbing ◽  
Crash Tests

This paper demonstrates the jig set for the crash test and the crash test results of the tension bolts with respect to an applied pre-tension. The tension and shear bolts are adopted at Light Collision Safety Devices as a mechanical fuse when tension bolts reach designed failure load. The kinetic energy due to the crash is absorbed by secondary energy absorbing devices after the fracture of tension bolts. One tension bolt was designed to be failed at the load of 375 kN. The jig set was designed to convert a compressive loading to a tensile loading and installed at the high speed crash tester. The strain gauges were attached at the parallel section of the tension bolts to measure the level of the pre-tension acting on the tension bolts. Crash tests were performed with a barrier whose mass was 250 kg and initial speed of the barrier was 9.5 m/sec. The result includes the load response of the tension bolts during both the crash tests and finite element analysis.

scholarly journals Prediction of Vehicle Crashworthiness Parameters Using Piecewise Lumped Parameters and Finite Element Models

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard B. Munyazikwiye ◽  
Dmitry Vysochinskiy ◽  
Mikhail Khadyko ◽  
Kjell G. Robbersmyr
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Springs ◽  
Lumped Parameters ◽  
Vehicle Crashworthiness

Estimating the vehicle crashworthiness parameters experimentally is expensive and time consuming. For these reasons different modelling approaches are utilized to predict the vehicle behaviour and reduce the need for full-scale crash testing. The earlier numerical methods used for vehicle crashworthiness analysis were based on the use of lumped parameters models (LPM), a combination of masses and nonlinear springs interconnected in various configurations. Nowadays, the explicit nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) is probably the most widely recognized modelling technique. Although informative, finite element models (FEM) of vehicle crash are expensive both in terms of man-hours put into assembling the model and related computational costs. A simpler analytical tool for early analysis of vehicle crashworthiness could greatly assist the modelling and save time. In this paper a simple piecewise LPM composed of a mass-spring-damper system, is used to estimate the vehicle crashworthiness parameters, focusing on the dynamic crush and the acceleration severity index (ASI). The model is first calibrated against a full-scale crash test and a FEM, post-processed with the LS-DYNA software, at an impact velocity of 56 km/h. The genetic algorithm is used to calibrate the model by estimating the piecewise lumped parameters (stiffness and damping of the front structure of the vehicle). After calibration, the LPM is applied to a range of velocities (40, 48, 64 and 72 km/h). The predictions for crashworthiness parameters from the LPM were compared with the predictions from the FEA and the results are much similar. It is shown that the LPM can assist in crash analysis, since LPM has some predictive capabilities and requires less computation time in comparison with the explicit nonlinear FEA.

Computational Modeling for the Dynamic Simulation of Paper and its Application to Some Paper Handling Problems

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Sekimoto ◽  
Makoto Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Rigid Wall ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Flexible Plate ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Linear Finite Element ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract This paper deals with the paper handling problems in highspeed labor saving machines. Non-linear finite element analyses are done for a lightweight and flexible plate or beam leaping from a sliding constraint and colliding against a rigid wall. The fluid force of air and the paper elasticity are taken into account. The elastic property of paper is identified by comparing the “self-bending test” and the finite element analysis. The effect of geometrical stiffness with an initial deformation is studied. The change of the flying orbit is shown with flat paper and geometrically stiffened paper. The behavior of paper after colliding against a rigid wall is also simulated with the parameters of the paper velocity and the friction coefficient between the paper and the wall. The simulation results agree well with the designers’ experiences and help the designers design new machines with higher speed.

Seismic earth forces against embedded retaining walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
C.Y. Chin ◽  
Claudia Kayser ◽  
Michael Pender
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Dynamic Finite Element ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories ◽  
Field Peak ◽  
Time Histories

This paper provides results from carrying out two-dimensional dynamic finite element analyses to determine the applicability of simple pseudo-static analyses for assessing seismic earth forces acting on embedded cantilever and propped retaining walls appropriate for New Zealand. In particular, this study seeks to determine if the free-field Peak Ground Acceleration (PGAff) commonly used in these pseudo-static analyses can be optimized. The dynamic finite element analyses considered embedded cantilever and propped walls in shallow (Class C) and deep (Class D) soils (NZS 1170.5:2004). Three geographical zones in New Zealand were considered. A total of 946 finite element runs confirmed that optimized seismic coefficients based on fractions of PGAff can be used in pseudo-static analyses to provide moderately conservative estimates of seismic earth forces acting on retaining walls. Seismic earth forces were found to be sensitive to and dependent on wall displacements, geographical zones and soil classes. A reclassification of wall displacement ranges associated with different geographical zones, soil classes and each of the three pseudo-static methods of calculations (Rigid, Stiff and Flexible wall pseudo-static solutions) is presented. The use of different ensembles of acceleration-time histories appropriate for the different geographic zones resulted in significantly different calculated seismic earth forces, confirming the importance of using geographic-specific motions. The recommended location of the total dynamic active force (comprising both static and dynamic forces) for all cases is 0.7H from the top of the wall (where H is the retained soil height).

NCHRP Report 350 Crash Test Results for Connecticut Truck-Mounted Attenuator

1996 ◽  
Vol 1528 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
John F. Carney ◽  
Charles E. Dougan ◽  
Eric C. Lohrey
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Series ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Impact Attenuation ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Test Level ◽  
Level 2

The results of four full-scale crash tests performed on the Connecticut Truck Mounted Attenuator (CTMA) are summarized. The tests were conducted in accordance with the guidelines of NCHRP Report 350 for Test Level 2 devices. NCHRP Report 350 specifies two required and two optional tests. The four crash tests passed all requirements of NCHRP Report 350. No repeat tests were required, and the results were uniformly excellent. The successful CTMA test series is the first of several NCHRP Report 350 test programs that are anticipated to gain compliance for various impact attenuation systems designed and developed in Connecticut.

Truck Door Slam Fatigue Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-605 ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Shu Ying Liu ◽  
Xian Zhong Yu ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xing Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Transient Response ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Response Method

Apply the test loads of similar truck door on the FE door model of developing truck, analyze the open & close strength with direct transient response method. Based on the strength results, perform fatigue analysis to predict the weak position. Conduct the door open & close test, simulation results and test results match well.

Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Exterior FRP Shell

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 1461-1465
Author(s):  
Chuan Min Zhang ◽  
Chao He Chen ◽  
Ye Fan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Contact Interface ◽  
Accurate Calculation ◽  
Element Analysis

The paper makes an analysis of the reinforced concrete beams with exterior FRP Shell in Finite Element, and compares it with the test results. The results show that, by means of this model, mechanical properties of reinforced concrete beams with exterior FRP shell can be predicted better. However, the larger the load, the larger deviation between calculated values and test values. Hence, if more accurate calculation is required, issues of contact interface between the reinforced concrete beams and the FRP shell should be taken into consideration.

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