Perception and Tolerance of Sexual Harassment: An Examination of Feminist Identity, Sexism, and Gender Roles in a Sample of Chinese Working Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Shi ◽  
Yong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Feminist Identity ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Feminist Ideology ◽  
Active Commitment

In East Asian culture, where sex is a sensitive subject, many women still have a high recognition threshold when it comes to sexual harassment, as well as a high tolerance for it. Previous research has shown that feminist identity is effective in promoting women’s physical and mental health and buffering against the negative effects of sexual harassment, thus, it is important to clarify the role that feminist identity plays in the perception of sexual harassment. In this study, we examined whether feminist identity is related to the perception and tolerance of sexual harassment and whether feminist identity mediates the relations between sexism, gender roles, and sexual harassment perception and tolerance among Chinese working women. In a survey of 507 participants, we found that active commitment to feminism was positively correlated with women’s perception of sexual harassment, while passive acceptance of traditional gender roles was positively correlated with tolerance of sexual harassment. Mediation analysis showed that active commitment to feminism mediated the relations between sexism, gender roles, and sexual harassment perception, while passive acceptance of traditional gender roles mediated the relations between sexism and femininity with sexual harassment tolerance. We assert that feminist identity has the potential to enable women to be more perceptive and less tolerant of sexual harassment behaviors, and as such, feminist ideology should be incorporated into education for Chinese women.

Correlates of Bullying Victimization and Sexual Harassment: Implications for Life Satisfaction in Late Adolescents

2019 ◽  
pp. 105984051986384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Oriol ◽  
Rafael Miranda ◽  
Alberto Amutio
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Face To Face

Bullying and sexual harassment are considered widespread public health concerns because they may have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, more studies are necessary that relate these forms of victimization and their overlap with subjective well-being. This study explores the prevalence and association between different forms of bullying victimization, sexual harassment, and life satisfaction using a sample of 47,114 students aged 16–18 years and from 646 Peruvian educational institutions. Face-to-face bullying was the most reported type of victimization, followed by cyberbullying. There was a large degree of overlap between these two forms of bullying as well as between traditional bullying and sexual harassment. This overlap causes a decrease in life satisfaction in late adolescents. Thus, the need of preventing the negative dynamics of violence in order to prevent the overlapping of different violence forms in adolescence is discussed. Finally, implications for school nurses are outlined.

scholarly journals GENDER ROLES OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN DANIELLE STEEL’S “FRIENDS FOREVER”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Galyna Tsapro ◽  
Olha Chorna
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Social Image ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Best Friends ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Staying At Home

The research is devoted to the study of protagonists’ gender roles created by Danielle Steel in her book about five best friends. The corpus and discourse analyses have been applied to examine verbal characterization of main characters. Appearance, traits of character, relationships with others, moral values as well as communication styles have been studied. Gender roles have been perceived mostly as prescribed stereotypical norms of social behavior. Gender roles presented in literary works reflect social male and female portrayals but concurrently main characters’ gender portraits shape readers’ images and concepts about gender. Danielle Steel assigns traditional gender roles to her characters sketching their vivid images from childhood till later years. The female characters Izzie and Gabby correspond to traditional gender expectations about girls but still Gabby turns out to have bossy nature that is reflected in her behavior and speech. Three male protagonists, Andy, Billy and Sean, in general possessing quite traditional gender roles, are depicted as completely different personalities with some deviation from gender expectations about men. The main characters’ fathers in general represent an established social image of successful professionals, family providers, most of them being loving and supporting fathers, while the protagonists’ mothers form two contrastive groups of staying at home and working women. The portraits of two working mothers differ greatly, depicting the woman devoting all her time to work and ignoring her daughter’s needs and the other despite being busy at work still being able to take care of her son. Other three women are ideal pictures of affectionate mothers and wives.

Silencing the Self and Feminist Identity Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia H. Witte ◽  
Martin F. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
College Women ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Feminist Identity ◽  
Women's Development ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Feminist Identity Development ◽  
Women's Oppression

The present study investigated the relation between Jack's 1991 concept of “silencing the self” and Downing and Roush's 1985 stage model of feminist identity development among college women. Analysis indicated that passively accepting women's oppression and adhering to traditional gender roles in interpersonal relationships (Passive Acceptance) was related to silencing the self. These results have important implications for silencing the self and women's development. Specifically, these findings may encourage many young women to acknowledge women's oppression and question the traditional gender roles that promote submission and thereby decrease the potential risk for self-silencing.

Silencing the Self and Feminist Identity Development

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia H. Witte ◽  
Martin F Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
College Women ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Feminist Identity ◽  
Women's Development ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Feminist Identity Development ◽  
Women's Oppression

The present study investigated the relation between Jack's 1991 concept of “silencing the self” and Downing and Roush's 1985 stage model of feminist identity development among college women. Analysis indicated that passively accepting women's oppression and adhering to traditional gender roles in interpersonal relationships (Passive Acceptance) was related to silencing the self. These results have important implications for silencing the self and women's development. Specifically, these findings may encourage many young women to acknowledge women's oppression and question the traditional gender roles that promote submission and thereby decrease the potential risk for self-silencing.

Profaning Jewish Mores in Chochana Boukhobza's Un été à Jérusalem

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Arenberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The City ◽  
Traditional Roles

As a transnational Israeli writer, Chochana Boukhobza delves into the complex problem of crossing borders in Un été à Jérusalem (1986), a text which focuses on the unnamed protagonist's trip from Paris to visit her family during the summer months in Jerusalem. Although the narrator had resided in Israel previously, she is forced to grapple with her ‘Otherness’ in Jerusalem, especially as a Jew originally from Tunisia. The narrator's crisis of exile is defined by her sense of disconnection to her family, the city, Israeli politics, and women's traditional roles. In this essay, particular emphasis will be placed on the protagonist's penchant for profaning Jewish cultural and religious practices, which is articulated through a series of corporeal transgressions. To launch this revolt against the patriarchal structure of the nation in Israel, the narrator rejects the submissive role assigned to Jewish-Tunisian women, and, in so doing, dismantles traditional gender roles.

Material World: Gender and the Bible in Evangelical Purity Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Moslener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Material World ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Teenage Girls ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
The Bible

For evangelical adolescents living in the United States, the material world of commerce and sexuality is fraught with danger. Contemporary movements urge young people to embrace sexual purity and abstinence before marriage and eschew the secular pressures of modern life. And yet, the sacred text that is used to authorize these teachings betrays evangelicals’ long-standing ability to embrace the material world for spiritual purposes. Bibles marketed to teenage girls, including those produced by and for sexual purity campaigns, make use of prevailing trends in bible marketing. By packaging the message of sexual purity and traditional gender roles into a sleek modern day apparatus, American evangelicals present female sexual restraint as the avant-garde of contemporary, evangelical orthodoxy.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Health: The Mediating Effect of Acculturative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5312
Author(s):  
Alfonso Urzúa ◽  
Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar ◽  
Diego Henríquez ◽  
David R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional

There is not much evidence on the effects of south–south migration and its consequences on physical and mental health. Our objective was to examine the mediating role of Acculturative Stress in the association between ethnic discrimination and racial discrimination with physical and mental health. This research is a non-experimental, analytical, cross-sectional study. A total of 976 adult Colombian migrants living in Chile were interviewed. We used the Everyday Discrimination Scale, the acculturative stress scale, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) for health status; we found that racial and ethnic discrimination had a negative effect on physical and mental health. In the simultaneous presence of both types of discrimination, racial discrimination was completely absorbed by ethnic discrimination, the latter becoming a total mediator of the effect of racial discrimination on mental and physical health. Our findings are consistent with the literature, which suggests that there are various types of discrimination which, individually or in their intersectionality, can have negative effects on health.

Sexual harassment and psychological complaints: student- and class-level associations

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Brolin Låftman ◽  
Y Bjereld ◽  
B Modin ◽  
P Löfstedt
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
School Class ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
The Past ◽  
Class Level ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background Students who are subjected to sexual harassment at school report lower psychological well-being than those who are not exposed. Yet, it is possible that the occurrence of sexual harassment in the school class is stressful also for those who are not directly targeted, with potential negative effects on well-being for all students. The aim was to examine whether sexual harassment at the student- and at the class-level was associated with students' psychological complaints. Methods Data from the Swedish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18 was used, with information from students aged 11, 13 and 15 years (n = 3,720 distributed across 209 classes). Psychological complaints were constructed as a summative index of four items capturing how often the student had felt low, felt irritable or bad tempered, felt nervous, or had difficulties to fall asleep, during the past six months (Cronbach's alpha=0.78). Sexual harassment at the student-level was measured by one item concerning bullying at school: “Other students have exposed me to sexual jokes”. Students who reported that this had happened at least “2 or 3 times a month” were classified as exposed to sexual harassment at school. Sexual harassment at the class-level was defined as the school class proportion of students exposed to sexual harassment, reported in per cent. Two-level linear regression analysis was applied. Results Students who had been exposed to sexual harassment had higher levels of psychological complaints (b = 2.74, p < 0.001). The proportion of students in the school class who had been exposed to sexual harassment was also associated with higher levels of psychological complaints, even when adjusting for sexual harassment at the student-level, gender and grade (b = 0.03, p = 0.015). Conclusions Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students. Key messages Using data collected among students aged 11, 13 and 15 years, this study showed that sexual harassment at the student- and class-level was associated with higher levels of psychological complaints. Sexual harassment is harmful for those who are exposed, but may also affect other students negatively. Thus, a school climate free from sexual harassment will profit all students.

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