Locating Savitribai Phule’s Feminism in the Trajectory of Global Feminist Thought

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Renu Pandey

Initially, the feminist thought was based on Humanist approach, that is, the sameness or essentialist approach of feminism. But recently, gender and feminism have evolved as complicated terms and gender identification as a complicated phenomenon. This is due to the identification of multiple intersectionalities around gender, gender relations and power hierarchies. There are intersections based on age, caste, class, abilities, ethnicity, race, sexuality and other societal divisions. Apart from these societal intersections, intersection can also be sought in the theory of feminism like historical materialist feminisms, postcolonial and anti-racist feminisms, liberal feminism, radical feminisms, sexual difference feminisms, postmodern feminisms, queer feminisms, cyber feminisms, post-human feminisms and most recent choice feminisms and so on. Furthermore, In India, there have been assertions for Dalit/Dalit bahujan/ abrahmini/ Phule-Ambedkarite feminisms. Gender theorists have evolved different approaches to study gender. In addition to the distinction between a biosocial and a strong social constructionist approach, distinctions have been made between essentialist and constructionist approaches. The above theories and approaches present differential understandings of intersections between discourse, embodiment and materiality, and sex and gender. The present article will endeavour to bring out the salient points in the feminist ideology of Savitribai Phule as a crusader for gender justice and will try to locate her feminist ideology in the overall trajectory of global feminist thought. The article suggests that Savitibai’s feminism shows characteristics of all the three waves of feminism.

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Harvey

AbstractThis essay explores changes in eighteenth-century male clothing in the context of the history of sexual difference, gender roles, and masculinity. The essay contributes to a history of dress by reconstructing a range of meanings and social practices through which men's clothing was understood by its consumers. Furthermore, critically engaging with work on the “great male renunciation,” the essay argues that the public authority that accrued to men through their clothing was based not on a new image of a rational disembodied man but instead on an emphasis on the male anatomy and masculinity as intrinsically embodied. Drawing on findings from the material objects of eighteenth-century clothing, visual representations, and evidence from the archival records of male consumers, the essay adopts an interdisciplinary approach that allows historians to study sex and gender as embodied, rather than simply performed. In so doing, the essay not only treats “embodiment” as an historical category but also responds to recent shifts in the historical discipline and the wider academy towards a more corporealist approach to the body.


2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Jennifer Germon

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to engage with a foundational gendered imaginary in Western medical and popular discourse regarding fetal sexual development. It is an imaginary that consists of dual narratives that bolster an oppositional complementary model of sex-gender. By these accounts male sexual development results from complex and multi-faceted processes generated by the Y chromosome while female sexual development is straightforward, articulated through a discourse of “default sex” (Jost, 1953). Such apparent truths fit seamlessly with the timeworn notion of maleness and masculinity as always already active, and femaleness and femininity always and inevitably passive. In other words, he does and she is. Design/methodology/approach – Despite embryogenetic findings thoroughly debunking these ideas, contemporary medical and biological textbooks remain haunted by outdated androcentric models of sex development. This paper attends to biomedical and everyday understandings of sex and gender to demonstrate how fresh lines of inquiry produce conditions that enable new ways of understanding bodies and embodied experiences. Findings – This paper demonstrates how new ways of thinking can lead to a new understanding with regards to sex, gender, bodies, and experiences. Originality/value – This paper attends to biomedical and everyday understandings of sex and gender to demonstrate how fresh lines of inquiry produce conditions that enable new ways of understanding bodies and embodied experiences.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Seger de Carmargo ◽  
Henrique Caetano Nardi

Abstract Researches that describe the anatomy and physiology of human movement have aimed to produce knowledge comparing women’s and men’s physical capacities, concerned with specifying and describing “sex differences.” One of the consequences of this kind of research is that it influences teaching processes in human motion disciplines for physical educators, producing gender-marked bodies. This article uses Foucauldian discourse analysis to question how the production of sex differences is present in scientific studies dedicated to studying athletic performance that propose comparisons between sexes in strength performance. Through this analysis, we aim to describe and analyse how the epistemologies of sex and gender involved in these productions reinforce naturalised ideas of what it means to be a man and a woman, as well as question the social intelligibility of body/gender/sexuality that regulates sex/gender in our culture and in science.


Author(s):  
Chris Straayer

This chapter analyzes the neo-noir Bound (1996). It shows how the splitting of sex from gender liberates generic conventions in the service of protagonists who, enacting a lesbian romance in film noir, avail themselves of generic formulas to double-cross the villains. Analyzing the creative capacity of noir gender “to turn cartwheels on both male and female characters within a system of sexual difference,” the chapter shows how Bound—self-consciously playing on the debated identities of butch, femme, and feminine—generates different-sex erotics through same-gender protagonists. Through such playful manipulations, the film opens up flexible reimaginings of sex and gender across the spectrum of gay and straight as alternatives to rigidifying heterosexual and homosexual binaries.


2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Tracy Citeroni ◽  
Alejandro Cervantes-Carson

El propósito central de este artículo es adelantar un proyecto político y normativo para el establecimiento internacional de los derechos sexuales como derechos humanos. Debido a la organización social del sexo y del género en nuestras sociedades contemporáneas, consideramos que son urgentes las demandas por diseñar y establecer normas para proteger la diferencia sexual y auspiciar la afirmación de la diversidad sexual. Por un lado, identificamos la necesidad de establecer algunos derechos sexuales negativos capaces de proteger la integridad sexual de ciertos individuos que históricamente han sido marginados y de algunos grupos que suelen ser blanco de la violencia heterosexista. Por el otro, consideramos necesario promover derechos sexuales positivos que afirmen la diversidad sexual y auspicien vidas sexuales llenas de placer.Sostenemos que para la justificación y aceptación de los derechos sexuales negativos sólo se requiere una política y una ética de la tolerancia. En cambio los derechos sexuales positivos exigen la adopción de un paradigma político y ético diferente, basado en el reconocimiento. El proyecto político de los derechos sexuales positivos busca, en última instancia, destruir la hegemonía masculina sobre la práctica y el discurso de la sexualidad, y pretende asimismo descentrar la heterosexualidad. Pese a los límites de los movimientos sociales basados en la identidad sexual, su impacto social y cultural ha sido profundo. Por ello opinamos que los derechos sexuales negativos son hoy un proyecto más que factible. Más aún, hemos desarrollado la idea de que la posibilidad de concretar el proyecto de los derechos sexuales positivos resulta de la combinación creativa de dos fuerzas. Primero, los potenciales emancipatorios de los movimientos sociales basados en la identidad sexual que han permitido mantener un cuestionamiento constante de la actual organización social de la sexualidad. Segundo, las transformaciones profundas en teoría social y filosofía que nos lleva a pensar y experimentar la sexualidad (y sus identidades) de manera no esencialista, descentrada, relacional, interactiva y fluida. Finalmente, esto abre la posibilidad de desestabilizar los efectos que las relaciones de poder tienen sobre el sexo, la sexualidad y la identidad sexual. AbstractThe main aim of this article is to promote a political and normative project for the international establishment of sexual rights as human rights.Due to the social organization of sex and gender in contemporary societies, we believe that there is an urgent demand to design and establish norms to protect sexual difference and encourage the affirmation of sexual diversity. On the one hand, we identify the need for negative sexual rights capable of protecting the sexual integrity of historically marginalized individuals and groups that have become the target of heterosexist violence. On the other hand, we explain the need to promote positive sexual rights that affirm sexual diversity and encourage pleasurable sex lives.We hold that the justification and acceptance of negative sexual rights merely requires a politics and ethics of tolerance. Conversely, positive sexual rights demand a different political and ethical paradigm, based on recognition. The political project of positive sexual rights ultimately seeks to destroy male hegemony over the practice and discourse of sexuality and to remove heterosexuality from the center. Despite the limits of social movements based on sexual identity, we believe that they have had a profound social and cultural impact, which is why we argue that negative sexual rights are now an extremely feasible project. Moreover, we develop the idea that the possibility of undertaking a project of positive sexual rights is based on the creative combination of two forces. The first is the emancipatory forces of social movements based on sexual identity that have permitted the continuous questioning of the current social organization of sexuality. The second is the profound transformations of social theory and philosophy that enable us to conceive of and experience sexuality (and its identities) in a nonexistentialist, decentered, relational, interactive and fluid manner. In the end, we believe that this opens up the possibility of destabilizing the effects that power relations have on sex, sexuality and sexual identity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2335-2352
Author(s):  
Nur Ain Nasuha Anuar ◽  
Moussa Pourya Asl

Hijra is a distinctive South Asia known for their gender and sexual difference and associated with their transgender and intersex identities. Otherwise known as transwomen, they are traditionally subjected to prejudices and embedded within narratives of exclusion, discrimination, and the subculture. As a result, Hijras are typically perceived as isolated, abject, and passive victims who remain social and economic peripheries. Concerning the stereotypical image of hijras, this study explores Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happinessecriture féminine, this study examines characters’ contestations and alterations of existing definitions of sex and gender. This framework allows for a manifestation of gender flexibility and feminine writing as a tool for self-emancipation. Both protagonists Anjum and Tilo, illustrate that hijras are not predetermined but are formulated in a complex process of a conscious rewriting of the self. While the former character resists heteropatriarchal normativity through her conscious alterations of the phallogocentric structure of her Urdu language, the latter defies societal conventions of family and marriage with unorthodox views and actions that are materialized in the writing of her story.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-4
Keyword(s):  

2012 ◽  
Vol 220 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Hausmann ◽  
Barbara Schober

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