Modelling sustainability: from applied to involved modeling

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Laloë

English Models are used as tools for studying sustainable development. They are a priori neutral, but this neutrality can be upset if the analysis of observations done to answer questions in reference to a given a priori definition of sustainability leads to the identification of sustainability contexts that do not correspond to the initial definition. The practice of actors may for example involve substitution between elements of a natural capital, which may not be in agreement with a strong definition of sustainability. Therefore we may have to consider the need for transition from a prescriptive to a descriptive approach. The context of modelling depends on the object we want to be preserved (what we observe). If this object is a resource-exploitation system, the perception of sustainability comes from observation of the system. The observation process may have been initiated by a mono-disciplinary question, but, sustainability being dependent on an object which must be described, no unique definition can be proposed. The definition and perception of sustainability are themselves processes to which modelling sciences may have to contribute. French Des modèles sont utilisés comme outils dans le contexte des études sur le développement durable. Ils sont a priori neutres, mais cette neutralité peut être mise à mal si des analyses d'observations réalisées pour répondre à des questions posées en référence à une définition donnée de durabilité conduisent à identifier des contextes de durabilité qui ne correspondent pas nécessairement à la définition initialement adoptée. La pratique d'acteurs peut ainsi par exemple reposer sur des substitutions entre éléments d'un capital naturel, ce qui peut ne pas correspondre à une définition très forte de la durabilité. Dans ces conditions on peut discuter du passage d'une approche prescriptive à une approche descriptive. La question du choix d'un contexte de modélisation dépend de l'objet que l'on veut préserver (ce que l'on observe). S'il s'agit d'un système d'exploitation d'une ressource, la perception de la durabilité découle de l'observation du système. Le processus d'observation a pu être initié selon une définition a priori associée à un questionnement souvent "mono-disciplinaire", mais la durabilité étant inféodée à un objet qu'il faut représenter, on ne peut en proposer une définition unique. La définition et la perception de la durabilité sont des processus auxquels les sciences de modélisation peuvent être amenées à contribuer

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3 (47)) ◽  
pp. 1119-1134
Author(s):  
Karol KOCISZEWSKI

The objective is to provide a systematization of concepts connected with sustainable development of agriculture (SDA) as the basis for indication of directions of changes in Polish agriculture. The author applied descriptive and comparative analyses based on a survey of the literature to indicate the differences between the described concepts. Both sustainable agricultural and rural development (SARD) and multifunctional rural development (MRD) could be connected with reduced agricultural production, which would bring positive and negative environmental consequences. The multifunctional agriculture cannot exist without production, so it is more favourable for SD, however it should be based on environmental requirements. Then it is close to sustainable agriculture. Considering these concepts, the author formulated and used his own definition of the SDA and its objectives. The sensitive rule of sustainability with secured critical natural capital is the proper one for agriculture in Poland. Currentl , Polish agriculture is in dual development (industrialisation and sustainable transition). For the SDA, the support for agriculture should be conditioned by compliance with basic environmental standards and by provision of public goods. It depends on properly directed and effectively implemented environmental and economic measures of the CAP.


2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Perelet

Digital technologies play a crucial role in achieving the long-term balance between the techno-sphere and the natural environment that is necessary for sustainable development. The digital economy is a relatively new concept in national policymaking, often using such terms as “information economy” (the 1970s), “knowledge economy” and “electronic economy” (the 1980s), “new economy” (the 1990s) or “network economy” and “Internet economy” (the 2000s). While there is no single definition of the digital economy, there is general agreement on some fundamental principles. The basic idea of a digital economy is that products, services, lifelong learning and innovation are made possible by the computerised transfer and processing of modern technology in the context of market globalisation and sustainable development. Sustainable development is largely related to the preservation of the biosphere and natural capital together with the techno-sphere and the socio-sphere. However, in real life, environmental aspects are often overlooked. In recent years, there have been changes in the formation of the economies of countries, especially in strengthening their environmental component. Reducing the cost of sensor technology and the spread of networks allow you to connect each component entering the production process. The data collected through such connections provide an opportunity to know the place of origin of the product, the method of production and the amount of energy spent on its production. Information received on their basis gives to companies, cities and whole countries the opportunity to restore, create, and to relocate these resources more effectively. It is proposed to take into account the impact of the digital economy on the environment. The EU response is increasingly seen as a strong combination of the knowledge economy and the green new deal.


Author(s):  
Igor Bystryakov ◽  
Victoriia Mykytenko

The conceptual and analytical approach to the definition of an integrative base of sustainable development of territories is proposed, which is based on the idea of construction of economic space and creates real conditions for the establishment and deployment of territorial economic integration. It is proved that the effect of the realization of the economic meta space of the state is influenced by the factor of reorganization of the regional map by cascading format of consolidation of industrial-economic, inter-sectoral and interregional interaction. It is recognized that it is expedient to take into account European economic-statistical principles when creating ten territorial economic and economic districts, the format and scale of which will correspond to the key principles of the liberal-social market model of spatial development.


2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1234-1246
Author(s):  
Lambert K. Engelbrecht ◽  
Abigail Ornellas

Purpose Within a neoliberal environment, financial vulnerability of households has become an increasing challenge and there is a requirement of financial literacy education, a necessary activity to facilitate sustainable development and well-being. However, this is seldom a mainstream discourse in social work deliberations. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach First, introducing the neoliberal impact on financial well-being and capability for vulnerable households, the authors’ postulation is substantiated on a seven-point argument. The contexts of financially vulnerable households are sketched. Second, a conceptualisation of financial literacy is offered, and third, perspectives on and approaches to financial literacy as a fundamental capability are presented. This is followed by a theoretical foundation of community education as a practice model in social work to develop financial capabilities. In the fifth place, prevailing practices of Financial Capabilities Development (FCD) programmes are offered. Subsequently, the implications of a neoliberal environment for social work practice are examined. Findings The revised global definition of social work encourages the profession to understand and address the structural causes of social problems through collective interventions. As a response, it is argued that community education towards FCD of vulnerable households within a neoliberal environment should be an essential discourse in social development. Originality/value The authors reflect on the significance of FCD, highlighting its contribution towards human security and sustainable development. Although this paper draws on Southern African contexts, the discourse finds resonance in other contexts across the world.


Author(s):  
Chiara Treghini ◽  
Alfonso Dell’Accio ◽  
Franco Fusi ◽  
Giovanni Romano

AbstractChronic lung infections are among the most diffused human infections, being often associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this framework, the European project “Light4Lungs” aims at synthesizing and testing an inhalable light source to control lung infections by antimicrobial photoinactivation (aPDI), addressing endogenous photosensitizers only (porphyrins) in the representative case of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. In the search for the best emission characteristics for the aerosolized light source, this work defines and calculates the photo-killing action spectrum for lung aPDI in the exemplary case of cystic fibrosis. This was obtained by applying a semi-theoretical modelling with Monte Carlo simulations, according to previously published methodology related to stomach infections and applied to the infected trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. In each of these regions, the two low and high oxygen concentration cases were considered to account for the variability of in vivo conditions, together with the presence of endogenous porphyrins and other relevant absorbers/diffusers inside the illuminated biofilm/mucous layer. Furthermore, an a priori method to obtain the “best illumination wavelengths” was defined, starting from maximizing porphyrin and light absorption at any depth. The obtained action spectrum is peaked at 394 nm and mostly follows porphyrin extinction coefficient behavior. This is confirmed by the results from the best illumination wavelengths, which reinforces the robustness of our approach. These results can offer important indications for the synthesis of the aerosolized light source and definition of its most effective emission spectrum, suggesting a flexible platform to be considered in further applications.


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