scholarly journals The Earnings Disadvantage of 21st Century Immigrants in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Fahad Gill ◽  
Waseem Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
21St Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Low Levels

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the earnings disadvantage of 21st century immigrants in the United States. The study is the first to decompose the earnings disadvantage faced by recent immigrants to present the channels through which immigrants lag behind their native counterparts. The decomposition of the earnings disadvantage reveals that the time spent in the United States is the key determinant of the earnings disadvantage. Other important sources of the earnings disadvantage of immigrants are the levels of English-language proficiency and educational attainment. The decomposition analysis also suggests that low levels of human capital cause an even larger disadvantage for immigrants in the years following the 2008-2009 recession as compared with the corresponding relative returns of the prerecession period. The decomposition analysis and trends in returns to human capital variables highlight the merits of a selective immigration system that favors young, English-speaking, and highly educated individuals. JEL Classifications: J1, J3, J6

scholarly journals The Return to English in a Non-English Speaking Country: Russian Immigrants and Native Israelis in Israel

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lang ◽  
Erez Siniver
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Host Country ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Acquisition ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Russian Immigrants ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract Using a unique sample of Russian immigrants and native Israelis, we examine the return to English knowledge. Panel and cross-section estimates of the return to English are substantial for highly educated immigrants and natives. Hebrew and English language acquisition contribute to immigrant/native earnings convergence, but most convergence is explained by other factors. While immigrants with low levels of education do not benefit from knowing English, native Israelis may. Conditional on occupation, English and Hebrew acquisition are largely orthogonal. Therefore earlier work on the importance of knowledge of the host-country language (Hebrew) is not significantly biased by unmeasured English knowledge.

scholarly journals Daily and Nondaily Smoking Varies by Acculturation among English-Speaking, US Latino Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Pulvers ◽  
A. Paula Cupertino ◽  
Taneisha S. Scheuermann ◽  
Lisa Sanderson Cox ◽  
Yen-Yi Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nondaily Smoking

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher smoking prevalence and quantity (cigarettes per day) has been linked to acculturation in the United States among Latinas, but not Latino men. Our study examines variation between a dif­ferent and increasingly important target behavior, smoking level (nondaily vs daily) and acculturation by sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online English-language sur­vey was administered to 786 Latino smokers during July through August 2012. The Brief Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans–II (ARSMA-II) and other accul­turation markers were used. Multinomial lo­gistic regression models were implemented to assess the association between smoking levels (nondaily, light daily, and moderate/ heavy daily) with acculturation markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater ARMSA-II scores (rela­tive risk ratio, <em>RRR</em>=.81, 95% CI: .72-.91) and being born inside the United States (<em>RRR</em>=.42, 95% CI: .24-.74) were associated with lower relative risk of nondaily smoking. Greater Latino orientation (<em>RRR</em>=1.29, 95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and preference for Spanish language (<em>RRR</em>=1.06, 95% CI: 1.02-1.10) and media (<em>RRR</em>=1.12, 95% CI: 1.05-1.20) were associated with higher relative risk of nondaily smoking. The relationship between acculturation and smoking level did not differ by sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that among both male and female, English-speaking Latino smokers, nondaily smoking was associated with lower acculturation, while daily smoking was linked with higher ac­culturation.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018.28(2):105-114; doi:10.18865/ed.28.2.105.</p>

Enhancing Student Productivity Using a Creativity Tutorial

2011 ◽  
pp. 915-923
Author(s):  
Monty McNair ◽  
Caroline Howard ◽  
Paul Watkins ◽  
Indira Guzman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Harvard Business Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Central Axis ◽  
Creative Talent ◽  
Society Today

Survival in the 21st century marketplace often depends on the creativity of organizational employees (Beckett, 1992; Hermann, 1993; Johnson, 1992; Kanter, 1982). Many historians attribute the emergence of the United States (US) as a twentieth century superpower to the creativity of its population (Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). They warn that the United States may be losing its dominance due to declines in the ability to attract and sustain human capital including the creative talent critical for innovation (Florida, 2004; Florida, 2005; Ehrlich, 2007). In his Harvard Business Review article, America’s Looming Creativity Crisis, Richard Florida of Carnegie Mellon describes the importance of creativity to the wealth of a society: “Today, the terms of competition revolve around a central axis: a nation’s ability to mobilize, attract and retain human creative talent.“ In other words, nations and their citizens depend on the creativity of their residents to ensure their economic prosperity.

The Location of Foreign Human Capital in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Waldorf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Community Surveys ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Locational Choices ◽  
Domestic Migrants

Among the millions of newcomers entering the United States every decade, those with extensive human capital are of particular importance for local economies. This study uses data from the American Community Surveys, 2004 to 2007 and compares the locational patterns of highly educated individuals coming from abroad with that of highly educated individuals migrating internally. The study finds that the locational choices of highly educated newcomers from abroad are similar to those of highly educated domestic migrants but that there are some important differences. Gateway states are substantially more successful in attracting human capital from abroad than domestic human capital; foreign human capital is more strongly attracted to existing human capital agglomerations than domestic human capital; and a manufacturing-based industry is a deterrent for the attraction of both foreign and domestic highly educated in-migrants, but the deterrent effect is stronger for domestic human capital than for human capital from abroad.

Limited-English Proficient (LEP) Students and Mathematical Understanding

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hea-Jin Lee ◽  
Woo Sik Jung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Instructional Practices ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Limited English Proficient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Demographics ◽  
Education Statistics ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
A Current

The number of Limited-English-Proficient (LEP) learners in the United States is dramatically and steadily increasing every year. In 1993–1994, U.S. public schools enrolled more than 2.1 million LEP students, with more than 90 percent of them coming from non-English-speaking countries (McCandless, Rossi, and Daugherty 1996). A study by the National Center for Education Statistics estimates a current enrollment of 3.4 million LEP students in grades K–8 (Buck 2000). This change in student demographics and the importance of language proficiency in mathematics require increasing awareness of instructional practices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document