Is Incest Harmful?

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
General Issue ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Temporary Suspension ◽  
Probable Outcome ◽  
Psychological Impairment

Classically, incest has been considered from both a psychological and sociological point of view to have harmful consequences. Genetic research, though by no means lacking controversy of its own, generally supports the notion that inbreeding has untoward genetic consequences. The psychodynamics of all three parties to father-daughter incest seem to indicate that people who become involved in incestuous behaviour are often psychologically damaged before the fact, so that if they show subsequent evidence of psychological impairment the incestuous behaviour can be as plausibly viewed as a dysfunctional attempt at solving problems as it can a cause of subsequent psychopathology. Girls involved in the father-daughter incest present in one of half a dozen frequent clinical syndromes. The presentation is influenced by the degree to which the girl may have participated in ongoing incestuous behaviour as opposed to being the presumed victim of an older adult's coercive actions or her own temporary suspension of a behavioural taboo. Research is inconclusive as to the psychological harmfulness of incestuous behaviour, and evidence is reviewed on both sides of this complicated and controversial question. Quite apart from the general issue of the harmful-ness of incest, a number of indicators can be derived from the nature of the incestuous episode and the early response to therapeutic assessment which aid in the clinical forecasting of probable outcome.

scholarly journals Prácticas disruptivas en la medicina regenerativa y la terapia celular: de la heteronormatividad de laboratorio a la emergencia de nuevas exclusiones bioeconómicas

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
María José Miranda Suárez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Individual Consumption

Innovations in regenerative medicine and cell therapy have made possible multiple breakings in the laws and paradigms that determined the beginnings of 20th century biology. The destabilisation of categories and heteronormative dichotomies that demarcated this science made possible the irruption of studies that separated genetic research from sex. Even so, the current implementation of these techno-scientific developments produce other types of exclusion mechanisms we will analyse from a bio-economic point of view: from the reinforcement of the conditions of vulnerability of women donors, to the support of therapeutic promises that semiotically disconnect the contexts of uncertainty of these technologies or the implementation of a performative understanding of health in terms of individual consumption.

scholarly journals Bison bonasus bonasus as a museum exhibit in the 18th – early 20th centuries

2018 ◽  
Vol 322 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Bison Bonasus ◽  
Museum Exhibit ◽  
The Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Russian Empire

The paper discusses the Białowieża bison (Bison bonasus bonasus) as a museum exhibit in the 18th – early 20th centuries, basing on the analysis of archival documents, mainly from St. Petersburg. One of the last remnants of extinct megafauna once roaming through Europe, by the Early Modern time it had been eliminated in the most part of its previous range. In the 16th–18th century, it had the status of a natural curiosity and an exclusively royal game. In the 18th century, the carcasses of the European bison from the imperial menageries went into the cabinets of curiosities where they became the objects of study for naturalists. By the late 18th century, the last population of the European lowland bison had survived in Białowieża Primeval Forest, which became a part of the Russian Empire with the Third partition of Poland. The attention of the Imperial family, which preserved the system of protection of the European bison and the forest where they lived, ensured the survival of the species till WWI. The development of zoology and zoological collections provided a new status to the Białowieża bison – the status of a valuable gift of the Russian Tsar to a scientific community. To receive such a precious gift, a scientific community had to use its diplomatic and bureaucratic channels, to recruit a naturalist willing to travel to Białowieża, to organize a hunt, to process the skin and bones, and finally, to deliver this massive package to a museum. Nevertheless, throughout the second half of the 19th century, most requests made by European and Russian naturalists were granted and the majority of zoological museums received the European bison from Białowieża, either in form of a stuffed animal, a skeleton, or at least a skull. The transformation of the 17–18th century Kunstkammern into research zoological institutions and the development of taxidermy went in parallel with the transformation of the European bison as a museum exhibit. Stuffed animals became anatomically accurate; new expositions included habitat groups, and some institutions amassed extensive collections for comparative study. The presence of the European bison almost in every major European museum made them well known for wider public. In 1919, the last Białowieża bison was killed in the wild, but the popularity of this species helped the restitution of the animal. Nowadays, the “old” specimens are of interest not only from a historical point of view, but also as a source of samples for genetic research.

Vascular Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Clinical Evaluations ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Biological Substrate ◽  
Biological Heterogeneity

Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia are acknowledged as the two most common types of dementia. Each of these dementia syndromes are associated with prodromal clinical syndromes, often referred to as mild cognitive impairment. Recent research has demonstrated considerable heterogeneity regarding the underlying neuropathology associated with these dementia syndromes and their prodromal disorders. Thus, it is often difficult to understand how or what underlying biological substrate is actually responsible for the alterations in neurocognition and behaviour as seen in clinical evaluations. This inherent neuropsychological and neuropathology heterogeneity calls into question current paradigms used for diagnosis and clinical trials designed to treat these disorders. This volume summarizes our current understanding regarding the inherent clinical, neuropathological, and biological heterogeneity in Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, and mild cognitive impairment and suggests that these disorders are best viewed as existing along a continuum rather than treated as separate and distinct clinical syndromes. In this book, we put forth the point of view that dementia such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia; and subtle pre-dementia syndromes such as mild cognitive impairment are best viewed as existing along a continuum rather than distinct and separate disorders.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS AND FACTORS OF FAMILY WELL-BEING IN MONOTOWNS: INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
О. Альбрехт ◽  
O. Albrecht ◽  
А. Тараданов ◽  
A. Taradanov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
History Of ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Optimum Working

The article features a sociological research of family well-being in singleindustry urban environment. It contains a factorial analysis of family well-being on the basis of genetic research method, defines the conditions and factors of family wellbeing and builds up their rating according to positive and negative influence. The study introduces genetic marks of family well-being adapted for monotown environment and defines the level of family well-being for a monotown. The paper contains types of monotown families according to the level of family well-being (prosperous, fine, urban and problem families) and their shares in the total number of urban households. Besides, the authors describe specific features and history of monotown, as well as the role of city-forming enterprise and its impact on family well-being in different spheres. Monotown families are analyzed from the point of view of employment, education level, and optimum working schedules. Finally, the research features family dynasties and traditions at a city-forming enterprise. The authors also explain the application prospects of the genetic method in sociological family.

scholarly journals SOCIAL VALUE OF ETHICAL PROBLEMS FOR MODERN GENETIC RESEARCH IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

Bioethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
O.I. Kubar ◽  
◽  
G.L. Mikirtichan ◽  
A.E. Nikitina ◽  
Florian Steger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Ethics Of Science ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Ethical Component

This paper presents the multivariate analysis of the bioethical criterion for the understanding the social value of genetic research in medicine and biology. From the point of view of moral assessment, a historical retrospective and dialectics of genetic technologies’ development and their application in medical practice are given. The presented data indicate the social and moral conflict of the unbalanced genetic technologies’ using and the way for ethical and normative solution. The leading approaches to the search for optimization of genetic technologies based on improving the ethics of science, education, public confidence, and ensuring the ethical component of legislative regulation are considered. The construction of the work and the discussion of the results confirms by real and promising examples of genetic technologies: perinatal and pre-implantation diagnostics; genetic banks; editing the human genome. The specificity of the work lies in the direct long-term author's participation in the creation of an ethical concept of genetic research in medicine and biology on the national, regional and international levels

Genetic Counselling: Communication and Psychosocial Aspects

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Borreani ◽  
Laura Gangeri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Global Approach ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Field Of Study

The results of genetic research have a remarkable role in medicine progress. At the same time the issues of prevention, individual attitudes and behaviour have acquired more importance, not only in relation to the illness but also regarding one's health. For these reasons is important to consider this field of study and intervention as an area to face, not only from the medical point of view but also from ethical and psychological ones. If we agree on the importance of a global approach to this problem, psychosocial support, which is often considered a parallel intervention, becomes a component of genetic counselling: the focal point of the intervention becomes the person, and not only the problem. The literature of the last years is rich of studies that have deepened these themes. Some studies have been analysed and reported but it is not easy to individualise a common patrimony of knowledge. Some aspects as information, communication, risk perception and psychological consequences are presented and discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Therapeutic resistance in depression from the genetics and pharmacogenetics point of view

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
G. E. Mazo ◽  
G. V. Rukavishnikov ◽  
A. O. Kibitov
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapeutic Resistance ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Genetic Risks ◽  
Resistant Depression ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Phenotype Formation

Current trends in the concept of therapeutically resistant depression (TRD) tend to narrow its very heterogeneous group of patients. One of the most rapidly developing areas in the biological paradigm of TRD is genetic research aimed at finding biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic response. Obviously, the genetic risks of TR are not limited to combinations of genome genetic variants, but it also has phenotypic manifestations at all levels of phenotype formation. According to the fundamental possibility of achieving remission states, therapeutic resistance can be divided into relative and absolute. At present, it can be said that patients with relative and absolute resistance represent two biologically heterogeneous groups, the isolation of which requires the development of special laboratory approaches that will contribute to the development of a personalized approach to therapy.

Theoretical approaches to revealing and treating endemic diseases of geochemical origin 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Korobova ◽  
Sergey Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Genetically Determined

<p>Now it is obvious that animals and humans suffer from both deficit and excess of trace elements due to a systematic imbalance of chemical elements in modern diets. Although the physiological role of many elements is not completely studied, some part of them is treated as toxic. We consider that this definition is fallacious and propose a spatial dose-dependent approach accounting of optimal element concentrations for better identification and treatment of diseases of geochemical origin.</p><p>Basing on the fact that the living organisms have met with a wide variety of geochemical conditions in the process of evolution, we suggest that the ability to survive in case of fast changing chemical conditions has been fixed in the genetic code of existing species by preservation of the so-called “dormant” genes. We assume that the ability to adapt quickly could have been realized due to the activity of “dormant” genes, which are inherent as active only in a small part of individuals, because in extremely changing conditions it can give rise to a new generation. In our opinion, experiments of Prat with campion species [1], those of Bradshaw with sorrel and plantain [2], of Letunova with soil microorganisms [3], of Krivolutsky with lower vertebrates [4] along with recent publication on the genetically determined rapid adaptation of Colorado beetles to many pesticides [5] earnestly confirms this idea. As this mechanism protects species stability, we presume that it is a common feature of members of biocenosis. Therefore, all species of biogeocenoses should represent a specific collection of individuums (morphs) with “active dormant” genes thereby acquiring high ability of not only survival of populations in extremal conditions but also occupation of new ecological niches. We consider such a defence mechanism to be rational, since it allows a quick leveling reaction of species to a certain type of extremal impact.</p><p>This additional theoretical hypothesis seems to be productive from the point of view of solving practical problems, since it allows more rational directing of genetic research and analyzing the risk of endemic diseases.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>1. S. Prat, 1934. Die erblichkeit der resistenz gegen Kupfer, Ber. Dtsch. bot. Ges 1 (102), 65–67.<br>2. A.D. Bradshaw, 1952. Populations of Agrostis tenuis resistant to lead and zinc poisoning, Nature 169, 28.<br>3. S.V. Letunova & V.V. Koval’skii, 1978. Geochemical Ecology of Microorganisms. Nauka, Moscow.<br>4. D.A. Krivolutskii, 1983. Radioecology of Communities of Land Animals. Energoatomizdat, Moscow.<br>5. K. Brevik, E.M. Bueno, S. McKay, S.D. Schoville, Y.H. Chen, 2020. Insecticide exposure affects intergenerational patterns of DNA methylation in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Evolutionary Applications, DOI: 10.1111/eva.13153.</p>

Con

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S2-S2
Author(s):  
M. Musalek
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
New Generation

The analysis of the historical development of the currently used diagnosis schizophrenia in DSM or ICD classification indicates that sticking to established terms and methodologies more and more develops to an obstacle in schizophrenia research. The aim of the currently used operational diagnostic approach was to reach reliability of diagnoses between different psychiatrists and researchers as high as possible. This should improve the communication between different research groups and better the comparison of study results. The aim of a high reliability has surely been reached, however, the expected striking progress in research and clinical praxis failed to materialize till today. Reliability, which means agreement, does not simultaneously means validity. Modern brain and genetic research requires more homogenous clinical syndromes or ‘diseases’ to examine them with scientifically based methodologies and technologies. The prerequisite for doing this, however, is going back to clinical and empirical realities and to integrate these realities into the development of a new generation of classification systems that are free of dogmatic thinking.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

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