WHEAT ANDROCLINIC CALLI: DATA OF SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY

The processes of formation different types of calli, as well as the morphogenesis pathways in morphogenic calli, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during anther culture in vitro in hybrid line Fotos of spring soft wheat. The microspore haploid origin of calli has been proven. The morphological status of the obtained calli was determined. It was shown that morphogenic callus consists of small densely packed meristematic cells covered with extracellular substance. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II induction culture medium, added by 1.0 mg/l synthetic auxin 2,4-D. Nonmorphogenic callus consists of large, elongated, loosely located cells with a smooth surface. This type of calli was obtained using a variant of the Potato II culture medium, added by 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D. It was found that the introduction of various IAA concentrations into the Blaydes nutrient medium for regeneration in morphogenic calli implements the following pathways of morphogenesis in vitro: embryoidogenesis (without IAA addition), gemmorhizogenesis (0.5 mg/l), and rhizogenesis (1.5 mg/l). Revealed degenerative changes in cells of nonmorphogenic calli. The fundamental possibility of regulating of the morphogenesis pathways of in vitro of morphogenic calli in the direction necessary for research in biotechnological research has been confirmed.

Anodizing of Hydrogenated Titanium and Zirconium Films

Magnetron-sputtered thin films of titanium and zirconium, with a thickness of 150 nm, were hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 703 K, then anodized in boric, oxalic, and tartaric acid aqueous solutions, in potentiostatic, galvanostatic, potentiodynamic, and combined modes. A study of the thickness distribution of the elements in fully anodized hydrogenated zirconium samples, using Auger electron spectroscopy, indicates the formation of zirconia. The voltage- and current-time responses of hydrogenated titanium anodizing were investigated. In this work, fundamental possibility and some process features of anodizing hydrogenated metals were demonstrated. In the case of potentiodynamic anodizing at 0.6 M tartaric acid, the increase in titanium hydrogenation time, from 30 to 90 min, leads to a decrease in the charge of the oxidizing hydrogenated metal at an anodic voltage sweep rate of 0.2 V·s−1. An anodic voltage sweep rate in the range of 0.05–0.5 V·s−1, with a hydrogenation time of 60 min, increases the anodizing efficiency (charge reduction for the complete oxidation of the hydrogenated metal). The detected radical differences in the time responses and decreased efficiency of the anodic process during the anodizing of the hydrogenated thin films, compared to pure metals, are explained by the presence of hydrogen in the composition of the samples and the increased contribution of side processes, due to the possible features of the formed oxide morphologies.

OBTAINING NEUTRON MATTER AND HYPERHEAVY NUCLEI: POSSIBLE QUANTUM-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES

Possible mechanisms of creation of both hyperheavy nuclei by electron-nuclear collapse and neutron matter by condensation of ultracold neutrons are discussed. The fundamental possibility of the existence of such objects was previously substantiated by A.B.Migdal, who suggested that the known set of proton-neutron nuclei with mass numbers from 0 to 300 and a maximum specific binding energy of about 8 MeV / nucleon at A≈60 corresponds to the first region, beyond which (starting from about the charge Z≈ ( hc/e2 )3/2 ≈1600 ) there is an additional region describing a possible state of nuclear matter, stabilized by a pion condensate. In this region, the maximum specific energy corresponds to ≈15 MeV / nucleon at A ≈ 100000. It is shown that neutron matter can be obtained under certain conditions, and its systematization can be realized as an addition to the Periodic Table. When solving such problems, it becomes quite real to study not only physical, but also chemical, and possibly engineering and technical properties. Analysis shows that the stability of neutron matter at the microlevel is ensured by the Tamm interaction and the Hund beta equilibrium. Such matter can be quite stable not only on the mega-level (neutron stars) due to gravitational interaction, as was a priori assumed earlier, but also on the scale of "ordinary" matter. The process of neutronization is possible not only with critical gravitational interaction, but also by other mechanisms (supercritical increase in the atomic number of elements due to electron-nuclear collapse and condensation of ultracold neutrons), which opens the way to the fundamental possibility of obtaining both neutron matter in laboratory conditions and superheavy nuclei. Based on the works of Migdal, Tamm and Hund, the possibility of the existence of stable neutron matter (with Z >> 175, N >> Z, A> 10 3 -10 5 and a size of 200-300 femtometers and more) is argued at the microlevel, and not only at the mega-level, as is now considered in astrophysics. A critical analysis of the well-established concept of the minimum possible mass of neutron stars is carried out. The following quantum technological approaches to the realization of UCN condensation are proposed: 1. Slow isothermal compression; 2. Refrigerator for dissolving helium-3 and helium-4; 3. Use of a conical concentrator for UCN focusing (Vysotskii cone); 4. Magnetic trap; 5. Additional UCN laser cooling. Neutron matter is considered as a potential cosmological candidate for dark matter. One should take into account the possibility of the formation of fragments of neutron matter as dark matter (neutral, femto-, pico- and nanoscale, the cooling of relics makes it difficult to detect them by now) already at the initial origin of the Universe, which is the dominant process. The observable part of the Universe is formed by the residual part of protons, and then by decayed single neutrons and unstable fragments of neutron matter (with Z> 175, N >> Z, but A <10 3 -10 5 ).

Regularities and features of acoustic emission under plasma electrolytic oxidation of wrought Al-Mg alloy

The paper highlights the characteristic features of acoustic emission (AE) in the process of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum alloy, and also reveals the correlation of 4 main stages of PEO process with AE signals. The fundamental possibility to establish and detail the features of oxidation stages and to compare different PEO modes by AE signals was demonstrated. The results obtained substantiate the high potential of AE method as an instrument of in situ research, production monitoring and control, and evaluation of quality of PEO process on aluminum alloys.

Kinetic instability of a chitosan – aspartic acid – water system as a method for obtaining nano- and microparticles

The specific electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of aqueous solutions of ionic aminopolysaccharide chitosan in L-aspartic acid were investigated. An increase of the mobility of charge carriers in these solutions was found in comparison with solutions of an individual acid. The evaluation of the kinetic stability revealed that the viscosity, electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the chitosan – L-aspartic acid – water system decrease, while the pH value increases. It was shown that the time variation of physicochemical and electrochemical parameters is due to the effects of counterionic association with the transition of macromolecules to the ionomeric state and is accompanied by phase segregation of the polymer phase in the form of nano- and microparticles. The conducted studies carried out have shown the fundamental possibility of controlling the metastable state of this system in order to obtain nano- and microparticles.

Numerical analysis of the influence of vortex acoustic flows on the efficiency of agglomeration

It is known and experimentally proven many times that ultrasonic vibrations in the gas phase contribute to the appearance of stationary acoustic flows. Since the flows are caused by energy losses during absorption of oscillations, and they do work against the frictional forces that cause this absorption, then these flows have a vortex character. According to numerous studies and developments in the field of inertial dust separation, at a centripetal acceleration of 10 m/s2 or more, local compaction of particles is observed near the periphery of the vortex flow. Due to this, particles are captured in existing devices based on the inertial dust separation principle. In this regard, the article presents the results of theoretical studies of the potential for the use of acoustic flows for a local increase in the concentration of particles and, consequently, an increase in the efficiency of agglomeration. A model of the influence of vortex acoustic flows on the efficiency of agglomeration is proposed. As a result of the numerical analysis of the model, the fundamental possibility of a significant (more than 4 times) increase in the efficiency of ultrasonic agglomeration of submicron particles due to the formation of vortex acoustic flows in the resonant intervals was revealed.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF VORTEX ACOUSTIC FLOWS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF AGGLOMERATION

В статье представлены результаты численного эксперимента, показывающие, что акустические потоки, формирующиеся в резонансном газовом промежутке, обеспечивают повышение эффективности агломерации субмикронных частиц не менее 4 раз. Разработана численная модель процесса ультразвуковой агломерации, впервые учитывающая вихревое движение взвешенных частиц в акустических потоках. A model of the influence of vortex acoustic flows on the efficiency of agglomeration is proposed. As a result of the numerical analysis of the model, the fundamental possibility of a significant (more than 4 times) increase in the efficiency of ultrasonic agglomeration of submicron particles due to the formation of vortex acoustic flows in resonant gaps has been revealed.

RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF RELIABILITY OF PROJECTED SATELLITE COMMUNICATION STATIONS ON MOBILE OBJECTS

Современные сложные радиотехнические комплексы и системы входят в состав ракетно-космических, авиационных, сухопутных, морских изделий, обеспечивающих решение задач повышения обороноспособности и безопасности РФ, а также отвечающих интересам гражданских потребителей. При этом на этапе проектирования радиотехнических комплексов и систем закладываются требуемые расчетные параметры по надежности, безопасности, долговечности, технологичности в целях обеспечения требуемого срока их эффективного функционирования для решения поставленных целевых задач. Рассмотрены результаты математического моделирования надежности проектируемых станций спутниковой связи на подвижных объектах (космические аппараты, беспилотные летательные аппараты, автомобили, железнодорожные поезда), которые отражают методический подход к определению надежности комплекса или системы верхнего уровня. Принципиальным моментом является возможность определения числовых значений данного показателя еще на этапе составления тактико-технических (технических) заданий на выполнение НИОКР, проведения аванпроекта, т.е. тех этапах работ, на которых цена ошибки не является существенной и имеется принципиальная возможность внести изменения в конструктивные и схемотехнические параметры разрабатываемых радиотехнических комплексов и систем Modern complex radio communication and systems are part of rocket-space, aviation, dry-track, marine products that provide the solution of tasks both to increase the defense and safety of the Russian Federation and meet the interests of civilian consumers. At the same time, at the stage of design of radio engineering complexes and systems, the required design parameters for reliability, safety, durability, technological and technical support are laid in order to ensure the required period of their effective functioning to solve the set target tasks. This article considers the results of mathematical modeling of reliability of projected satellite communication stations on mobile objects (spacecraft, unmanned aerial vehicles, cars, railway trains), which reflect the methodological approach to determine the reliability of the complex or upper-level system. A fundamental point is the possibility of determining the numerical values of this indicator even at the stage of compiling tactical and technical (technical) tasks for R&D, conducting an advance project, i.e. those stages of work at which the error price is not significant and there is a fundamental possibility to make changes to the design and schematic parameters of the developed radio systems and systems

Processing of polymetallic concentrate from waste recycling plants by distillation in vacuum

The sequence of operations for the processing of secondary raw materials has been proposed based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the main metals: copper, zinc, lead and tin contained in the metal concentrate from waste processing, including the developing complete state diagrams of binary systems of copper with lead and zinc, including the melt-vapor phase transition in vacuum. The proposed technology includes preliminary smelting of the concentrate into roughing brass for composition averaging and subsequent distillative extraction of lead and zinc each into roughing metals at a temperature of more than 1000°C with a decrease in pressure from atmospheric to 30 Pa. Copper-base still bottoms can be processed in copper production. Technological studies have confirmed the fundamental possibility of such technological scheme.

On the genetic divergence of two adjacent populations living in a homogeneous habitat

The purpose is to study the mechanisms leading to the genetic divergence, i.e. stable genetic differences between two adjacent populations coupled by migration of individuals. We considered the case when the fitness of individuals is strictly determined genetically by a single diallelic locus with alleles A and a, the population is panmictic and Mendel's laws of inheritance hold. The dynamic model contains three phase variables: concentration of allele A in each population and fraction (weight) of the first population in the total population size. We assume that the numbers of coupled populations change independently or strictly synchronously. In the first case, the growth rates are determined by fitness of homo- and heterozygotes, the mean fitness of the each population and the initial concentrations of alleles. In the second case, the growth rates are the same. Methods. To study the model, we used the qualitative theory of differential equations studies, including the construction of parametric and phase portraits, basins of attraction and bifurcation diagrams. We studied local bifurcations that provide the fundamental possibility of genetic divergence. Results. If heterozygote fitness is higher than homozygotes, then both populations are polymorphic with the same concentration of homologous alleles. If the heterozygotes fitness is reduced, then over time the populations will have the same monomorphism in one allele, regardless of the type of population changes. In this case, the dynamics is bistable. We showed that the divergence in the model is a result of subcritical pitchfork bifurcation of an unstable polymorphic state. As a result, the genetic divergent state is unstable and exists as part of the transient process to one of monomorphic state. Conclusion. Divergence is stable only for populations that maintain a population ratio in a certain way. In this case, it is preceded by a saddle-node bifurcation and dynamics is quad-stable, i.e. depending on the initial conditions, two types of stable monomorphism and divergence are possible simultaneously.