The Role of the Thalamus in Schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Powerful Strategy

Background: Explaining the diversity of symptoms that occur in schizophrenia is a major conceptual challenge. Perhaps the most powerful strategy is to identify a fundamental cognitive process and/or a fundamental neural circuit. Methods: Convergent data from our research group in Iowa and from investigators in other centres are summarized. Results: The thalamus plays a key role in information processing. A defect in circuitry connecting the thalamus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum could explain a wide range of symptoms. Neuropathology and imaging studies suggest that patients with schizophrenia may have abnormalities in this circuitry. Conclusion: The fundamental deficit in schizophrenia may be conceptualized as a “cognitive dysmetria” characterized by impairments in coordinating the perception, encoding, retrieval, and prioritization of experience and information.

scholarly journals The role of carbon dioxide in nematode behaviour and physiology

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (8) ◽  
pp. 841-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navonil Banerjee ◽  
Elissa A. Hallem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Cue ◽  
Context Dependent

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) is an important sensory cue for many animals, including both parasitic and free-living nematodes. Many nematodes show context-dependent, experience-dependent and/or life-stage-dependent behavioural responses to CO2, suggesting that CO2 plays crucial roles throughout the nematode life cycle in multiple ethological contexts. Nematodes also show a wide range of physiological responses to CO2. Here, we review the diverse responses of parasitic and free-living nematodes to CO2. We also discuss the molecular, cellular and neural circuit mechanisms that mediate CO2 detection in nematodes, and that drive context-dependent and experience-dependent responses of nematodes to CO2.

Targeted Circuit Manipulations in the Modeling of OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne E. Ahmari
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Excessive Grooming ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Deep Brain

Work in animal models has great potential to shed light on the neural circuit perturbations that lead to OCD-related behaviors. Circuit-specific manipulations allow testing of the causal role of the brain network abnormalities observed in clinical imaging studies, with a precision that is not possible in investigations in humans. In recent years, circuit-specific manipulations in animals using a range of technologies have confirmed that abnormalities in the cortico-striatal circuitry can produce repetitive behaviors, such as excessive grooming. This chapter summarizes these advances. Refining our understanding of the contribution of particular neural circuits to OCD-relevant behaviors can inform the development of anatomically targeted treatments, such as deep brain stimulation.

Owning up to the role of historical information

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
Nicholaus S. Noles ◽  
Judith H. Danovitch
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Psychological Essentialism ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Test

AbstractAlthough the inherence heuristic is a versatile cognitive process that addresses a wide range of psychological phenomena, we propose that ownership information represents an important test case for evaluating both the boundaries of Cimpian & Salomon's (C&S's) model (e.g., is the inherence heuristic meaningfully limited to only inherent factors?) and its effectiveness as a mechanism for explaining psychological essentialism.

The medial frontal cortex and the subjective control of behaviour

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Brain Infarction ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Neuron System ◽  
Critical Nodes ◽  
Opening Up

AbstractThe role of the cortex at the medial aspect of the frontal lobe for the subjective control of behaviour has been elaborated in re­cent years. As apparent from meta-analy­ses of functional imaging studies, the medial frontal cortex accommodates critical nodes in a caudo-rostral gradient that are involved in the evaluation of sensorimotor, empathic and abstract information. Brain electrical activity was found to be changed in the medial frontal cortex as early as 120 ms after stimu­lus presentation in relation to the modulation of perception. These functions become estab­lished during adolescence, mediating subjective perspective in a social context. They are most likely brought about by dedicated neurons of the mirror neuron system, but sub­cortical connections suggest a relationship to the reward system. While lesions of the medial frontal cortex such as brain infarction and brain tumours are rare, impairments of me­dial frontal cortex functions occur quite frequently in neurological, psychiatric and psy­chosomatic disorders. Essentially, the medial frontal cortex is closely connected to the concept of personality, opening up an approach for an interdisciplinary scientific discourse.

Rising up to the 'challenge'? The interactive role of need for closure and situational appraisals on information processing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sindhuja Sankaran ◽  
Joanna Grzymala-Moszczynska ◽  
Agnieszka Strojny ◽  
Pawel Strojny ◽  
Malgorzata Kossowska
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Need For Closure

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

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