scholarly journals Dilemma Work: Problem-Solving Multiple Work Roles Into One Work Life

2021 ◽  
pp. 073088842110176
Author(s):  
Phillipa K. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Work Roles ◽  
Single Identity ◽  
Artistic Labor ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
Push And Pull

Scholars have observed workers combining multiple work roles to earn a living to cope with the vicissitudes of the labor market. In studies of creative labor markets, this trend of workers broadening of their skills is termed “occupational generalism”. Previous scholarship has focused on the structural factors that push and pull workers into generalizing and combining multiple work roles. But we lack an understanding of the subjective experience of work as a generalist. I introduce the concept of dilemma work: a form of problem-solving wherein workers who have generalized their work portfolios, attempt to rationalize their professional practices to overcome conflicts that arise from occupying multiple work roles. Drawing on in-depth interviews with professional writers who also freelance as book reviewers, I find that these generalists use three dilemma work strategies: anchoring another role to guide action in the current one; incorporating multiple roles under a higher role or purpose; and compartmentalizing roles in order to act exclusively within a single identity. I propose the general value of a typology of dilemma work for understanding workers’ experience both within artistic labor markets, and beyond.

scholarly journals Human Trafficking Across Borders: Human Rights Violations of Women and Children, Challenges and Remedies

2012 ◽  
pp. 134-157
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Proximate Factors ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Push And Pull

This paper seeks to deliberate upon the human trafficking in women and children in Nepal focusing on the need for regional coordination and cooperation in particular between Nepal and India for combating this menace effectively. It explores the issue within the ambit of the potential reasons behind trafficking such as abject poverty; underemployment, poor working conditions in source countries, vis-a-vis better conditions in affluent destination countries. It is important to understand human trafficking in its totality, by taking into consideration the social, economic and political reasons (structural factors) and seek to co-relate this to policy formulation and governance issues (proximate factors). There are numerous push and pull factors in human trafficking in Nepal’s context. There is significant, although still insufficient, knowledge about the networking of human traffickers and a range of policy options exist at the domestic and regional levels to address this problem. An understanding of the structural factors and their relationship to proximate factors is thus vital for combating the problem at both the site of origin and at destination and ultimately at the regional level. Quintessentially, current efforts to address the problem of human trafficking across the Indo Nepal border can definitely improved through bilateral cooperation between the two countries through adequate homework.

ARTISTIC LABOR MARKETS AND CAREERS

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 541-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Michel Menger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Artistic Labor

scholarly journals Capitalist agriculture and the creation of the circular migrant: Understanding COVID-19’s impact on internal migrants in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 194277862096354
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kandikuppa ◽  
Pallavi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Urban Labor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban Labor Markets

COVID-19 has affected the internal migrants in India badly. When the government announced a lockdown with a 4-hour notice, millions of these migrants, who were a part of the vast unorganized labor force to be found in urban areas, were left stranded. In our article, we analyze the structural factors that underpin this crisis. We argue that the migrant crisis that unfolded in the urban areas has its roots in India’s embrace of globalization, the rise of capitalistic agriculture, and the increasing casualization of labor work in the urban labor markets.

On Adaptation in Analogy: Tests of Pragmatic Importance and Adaptability in Analogical Problem Solving

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T. Keane
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Insight Problem ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Analogical Mapping ◽  
Analogical Problem ◽  
Structural Consistency ◽  
Alternative Mapping ◽  
Definite Role

When people use analogies to solve problems, they form an analogical mapping between two domains of knowledge. This mapping may support inferences by analogy that suggest a novel solution to a problem. Several factors have been proposed to be important in selecting this mapping from among several alternative mappings: structural factors (systematicity and structural consistency) and pragmatic factors (the exploitation of higher-order planning categories). We suggest another set of factors plays a role in selecting mappings: adaptability. Specifically, if a mapped solution can be adapted easily to a problem, then it will be preferred over an alternative mapping that is less adaptable. Two experiments are reported which test the effects of pragmatic and adaptation factors, using a novel technique in which the story analogue has two alternative plans, either of which can be used to solve an insight problem. In Experiment 1, these plans were varied in terms of their pragmatic importance (success or failure) and their adaptability. In Experiment 2, the relative adaptability of plans was manipulated. The results suggest that there is little evidence for these specific pragmatic factors, but that adaptability plays a definite role in selecting an analogous plan. The findings suggest that most models need to be extended to include adaptation constraints.

scholarly journals Digitizing freelance media labor: A class of workers negotiates entrepreneurialism and activism

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Errol Salamon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Media Industries ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Sociology Of Work ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Individualism And Collectivism ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Professional Writers

Due to economic instability and technological change in digital media industries, media organizations and educators have encouraged freelance media workers to see themselves as individual businesses rather than a class of workers that should collectively protect their rights and fair pay. This article examines how freelance media workers negotiate individualism and collectivism, producing a contradictory freelance class ideology. It is grounded in an exploratory critical political economy of communication and sociology of work approach. It is based on interviews with 21 freelance journalists and professional writers, considering how they discursively construct their work practices and coping strategies vis-à-vis their uses of digital technology and the structural factors that shape media industries. Through discourse, these workers produce a contradictory “e-lance” class ideology as both entrepreneurs who temporarily sell goods and services and activists who temporarily resist demands from clients that they give up their rights and pay.

John Labatt Blows In and Out of the Windy City: A Case Study in Entrepreneurship and Business Failure, 1889–1896

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (s2) ◽  
pp. s498-s518
Author(s):  
Matthew Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Failure ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Push And Pull Factors ◽  
Geographic Expansion ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
Entrepreneurial Factors

The Labatt brewery of London, Ontario, just 200 kilometres from the Canada–United States border, was the first Canadian brewery to attempt a strategic expansion into the United States. The paper examines the reasons why John Labatt decided to expand into the United States at the end of the nineteenth century. It analyzes both the “push” and “pull” factors that caused him to attempt to sell his ales, porters, and stouts in Chicago. The paper argues that while entrepreneurial factors played a central role in Labatt’s geographic expansion into the United States, structural factors were more important as a factor in the ultimate inability of Labatt to capture a share of the Chicago market.

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