Activate Compliance: A Multilevel Study of Factors Associated With Activation of Body-Worn Cameras

2021 ◽  
pp. 073401682098832
Author(s):  
Rémi Boivin ◽  
Brigitte Poirier ◽  
Maurizio D’Elia
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Automatic Activation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) have quickly become popular tools in law enforcement. In theory, BWCs have the capacity to record all the time. However, due to privacy, legal, and practical concerns, cameras must be activated by officers in most jurisdictions. Early comments have raised concerns that officers would not activate their cameras in situations where there was a possibility that an intervention would not “look good” or when a situation might involve unnecessary or excessive use of force—posing a clear threat to transparency. The current study aims (1) to examine activation trends during a 10-month pilot to better understand officers’ compliance with departmental policies over time and (2) to identify situational and individual factors related to activation in situations where, based on a detailed policy, cameras should have been activated. Using generalized linear mixed models, camera activation was found to be significantly related to the nature of police–civilian encounters and officers’ personal characteristics such as experience and gender. Because suspicions of voluntary nonactivation in controversial situations can greatly affect police–citizen relations, this article concludes on a discussion of automatic activation.

scholarly journals Evidentiary video and “Professional Vision” in the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney H. Jones ◽  
Neville Chi Hang Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Professional Vision ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Video Documentation ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force

Abstract The video documentation of police violence against citizens, and the circulation of these videos over mainstream and social media, has played an important part in many contemporary social movements, from the Black Lives Matter Movement in the U.S. to the Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Such videos serve as both evidence of police abuses and discursive artefacts around which viewers build bodies of shared knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about events through engaging in exercises of “collective seeing”. This article analyses the way a video of police officers beating a handcuffed protester, which became an important symbol of the excessive use of force by police during the Occupy Hong Kong protests, was interpreted by different communities, including journalists, protesters, anti-protest groups, and law enforcement officials, and how these collective acts of interpretation served as a means for members of these communities to display group membership and reinforce group norms and ideological values.

138: Factors Associated With Injuries Among Subjects and Deputies During Law Enforcement Use of Force Events

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. S46-S47
Author(s):  
E.M. Castillo ◽  
T.C. Chan ◽  
B. Luu ◽  
N. Prabhakar ◽  
G.M. Vilke
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Tobacco use among transgender and gender non-binary youth in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (suppl 3) ◽  
pp. 5281-5292
Author(s):  
Anna Martha Vaitses Fontanari ◽  
Siobhan Churchill ◽  
Maiko Abel Schneider ◽  
Bianca Soll ◽  
Angelo Brandelli Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Smoking Prevention ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Robust Variance ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Special Risk

Abstract Transgender and gender non-binary youth are particularly vulnerable to tobacco smoking and susceptible to smoking adverse health outcomes. That is, they are in special risk to start smoking and, after starting, they may face worse outcomes when comparing to their cisgender peers. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate factors associated with tobacco use among transgender and gender non-binary youth. Brazilian youth aged 16 to 25 who identify as transgender or gender non-binary answered an online questionnaire. Poisson regression with robust variance was run to predict smoking cigarettes based on individual and environmental factors. 14.1% of 206 youth reported smoking cigarettes daily, whereas 9.3% of participants reported smoking e-cigarettes occasionally. Drug use, lack of social support, deprivation, discrimination, the wait for medical gender-affirming procedures and being outside school were associated with smoking cigarettes. Contextual and individual factors should be further explored in causal analysis and taken into consideration when planning smoking prevention and cessation interventions for transgender and gender non-binary youth.

scholarly journals PERHITUNGAN PREMI ASURANSI JIWA MENGGUNAKAN GENERALIZED LINEAR MIXED MODELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Siti Alfiatur Rohmaniah ◽  
Novita Eka Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Linear Mixed Models ◽  
Insurance Premium ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Premium Price ◽  
Probability Of Death ◽  
And Gender

The price of life insurance premiums for each person depends on the probability of death, not only based on age and gender as offered by an Indonesian insurance company.  The purpose of this study is to determine premium prices on underwriting factors and frailty factors using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM). GLMM is used for modeling a combination of fixed effect heterogeneity (underwriting factors) and random effects (frailty factors) between individuals. The data used longitudinal data about underwriting factors that have Binomial distribution are taken from the Health and Retirement Study and processed using R software. Because the data used by survey data within an interval of two years, so the probability of death is obtained for an interval the next two years. Underwriting factors that have a significant effect on the probability of death are age, alcoholic status, heart disease, and diabetes. As a result, is obtained the probability of death models each individual to determine life insurance premium prices. The premium price of each individual is different because depends on underwriting factors and frailty. If frailty is positive, it means that a person level of vulnerability when experiencing the risk of death is greater than negative frailty.

scholarly journals Baltimore Is Burning: Can I-O Psychologists Help Extinguish the Flames?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrica N. Ruggs ◽  
Michelle R. Hebl ◽  
Verónica Caridad Rabelo ◽  
Kayla B. Weaver ◽  
Joy Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Affective Processes ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force

Recent media coverage has called attention to what some see as an unreasonable use of force by law enforcement officers against unarmed Black citizens. Many of these incidents have stirred widespread concern, as there has been a large public outcry indicating that the incidents appear to have racial undertones, which is particularly pronounced given the fatal consequences that are too frequent. This article focuses on how psychological research on racial bias can explain some of the cognitive and affective processes that could be influencing law enforcement officer behavior in at least some of these incidents. Further, we discuss how industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists can use this research and leverage current practices within the field to develop solutions and effectively deal with individual racial biases among officers within the law enforcement community. We also discuss avenues of future research within I-O psychology and hope to spark a conversation within the I-O community about additional ways the field can address tensions that have arisen between law enforcement and different communities regarding perceptions of excessive use of force by officers.

Factors associated with law enforcement–related use-of-force injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Castillo ◽  
Nitin Prabhakar ◽  
Bethi Luu
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Discrimination and Protective Factors to Cognitive Health: Testing NIA’s Health Disparities Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 672-672
Author(s):  
Ernest Gonzales ◽  
Cliff Whetung ◽  
Jane Lee ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Health Trajectories ◽  
Structural Inequities ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Abstract Cognitive impairment is a worldwide epidemic. Informed by NIA’s Health Disparities Framework, this study investigated interpersonal, behavioral, and sociocultural risk and protective factors associated with cognitive health trajectories. Mixed models examined factors associated with cognitive health with data from the Health and Retirement Study among Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics (2008-2014, N=4,511). A majority of respondents who experienced everyday discrimination attributed it to ageism among this racially and ethnically diverse sample. Stratified mixed models of everyday discrimination by attribution (racism or ageism) revealed worse cognitive functioning. Major lifetime discrimination was not statistically associated with cognitive functioning. Economic factors (education, income, assets) and religious activity protected cognitive functioning and were particularly salient for Blacks and Hispanics. Strategies that bolster individual resilience as well as social policies that address discrimination and structural inequities will likely reduce health disparities and improve population health.

Women and Policing: An Assessment of Factors Related to the Likelihood of Pursuing a Career as a Police Officer

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110090
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. Diaz ◽  
Lidia E. Nuño
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Limited Generalizability

Law enforcement is still considered a male dominated occupation resulting in the underrepresentation of women in sworn personnel positions. While it is critical for police departments to have a more representative police force, there is a lack of research on the factors that affect the likelihood of women entering policing. Past studies suggest that men and women have similar reasons for joining policing. However, research on the factors that deter potential candidates from pursuing this career path is limited. This paper examines factors that may affect the likelihood of women pursuing a career in policing. We rely on data collected from a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in criminal justice courses (n = 421). Our results show that, relative to men, women are less likely to be interested in pursuing a career as a police officer. However, more than half of the women in our sample reported interest in pursuing a career in policing. We find that for men and women, the likelihood for pursuing a career in policing was affected by a number of personal characteristics and the current socio-political climate. While a notable limitation of our study is its limited generalizability, overall, our findings offer some promise for the potential of representative policing.

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