Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of metal values from spent lithium-ion batteries in citric acid media

Owing to technological advancements and the ever-increasing population, the search for renewable energy resources has increased. One such attempt at finding effective renewable energy is recycling of lithium-ion batteries and using the recycled material as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) step in water splitting reactions. In electrocatalysis, the OER plays a crucial role and several electrocatalysts have been investigated to improve the efficiency of O2 gas evolution. Present research involves the use of citric acid coupled with lemon peel extracts for efficient recovery of lithium cobaltate from waste lithium-ion batteries and subsequent use of the recovered cathode material for OER in water splitting. Optimum recovery was achieved at 90 °C within 3 h of treatment with 1.5 M citric acid and 1.5% extract volume. The consequent electrode materials were calcined at 600, 700 and 800 °C and compared to the untreated waste material calcined at 600 °C for OER activity. The treated material recovered and calcined at 600 °C was the best among all of the samples for OER activity. Its average particle size was estimated to be within the 20–100 nm range and required a low overpotential of 0.55 V vs. RHE for the current density to reach 10 mA cm2 with a Tafel value of 128 mV/dec.

Download Full-text

Hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of high value metals from spent lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide based lithium-ion batteries

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.128 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 247 ◽

pp. 551-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 156

Author(s):

M. Joulié ◽

R. Laucournet ◽

E. Billy

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Hydrometallurgical Process ◽

Nickel Cobalt

Download Full-text

The synergetic effects of a multifunctional citric acid and rice husk derived honeycomb carbon matrix on a silicon anode for high-performance lithium ion batteries

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/d0se00078g ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 2583-2592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Wang ◽

Xiaolan Wang ◽

Hong Jin ◽

Yu Bai ◽

Hui Xu

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Rice Husk ◽

High Performance ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Carbon Matrix ◽

Silicon Anode ◽

Carbon Composites ◽

Synergetic Effects ◽

Silicon Carbon

Using silicon/carbon composites is one of the most attractive strategies to improve the anode performance for lithium ion batteries.

Download Full-text

N-doped 3D porous carbon materials derived from hierarchical porous IRMOF-3 using a citric acid modulator: fabrication and application in lithium ion batteries as anode materials

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/d0dt01706j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 (27) ◽

pp. 9369-9376

Author(s):

Xin Zheng ◽

Keliang Jiang ◽

Linlin Zhang ◽

Cheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Nanostructured Materials ◽

Porous Carbon ◽

Anode Materials ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Storage ◽

Hierarchical Porous

N-doped 3D porous carbon nanostructured materials exhibiting excellent lithium storage capacity and cycling stability when used as anode materials for LIBs were fabricated by calcinating hierarchical porous IRMOF-3 materials.

Download Full-text

Leaching and kinetics process of cobalt from used lithium ion batteries with organic citric acid

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20186703036 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 03036

Author(s):

Yuliusman ◽

Annisaa Nurqomariah ◽

Radifan Fajaryanto ◽

Silvia

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electronic Devices ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Operation Condition ◽

Citric Acid Concentration ◽

The World ◽

Stirring Time

Batteries waste is found anywhere in the world because most of the electronic devices use batteries to operate them. Batteries that were used for electronic devices nowadays is lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries is one of the rechargeable batteries where it contained heavy metals which is very dangerous for health and environment. However, in order to minimalize the composition before its being disposed many researchers have found a way to recover heavy metals, because it can be useful to reproduce lithium ion batteries in the future. In this research, hydrometallurgical leaching process has been done for recovery cobalt from used lithium ion using hydrogen peroxide as reducing agent and citric acid as a leaching agent by varying citric acid concentration (0-2 M), reaction temperature (50-80°C), and reaction time (5-60 minutes). The result were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and showed that the best operation condition is at concentration 1 M, temperature 80oC with stirring time 60 minutes can recover more than 90% of Cobalt.

Download Full-text