A study on the impact of China’s urbanization on the quantity of municipal solid waste produced

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Han ◽  
Ci Hu ◽  
Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Recycling Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capita Disposable Income

Based on the IPAT model, this study selects the two-order lag period that is then applied to the dynamic model created to explore the impact of China’s urbanization on the quantity of municipal solid waste (MSW) produced. The study uses panel data collected from 27 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China that report directly to the central government. Results show that nationwide urbanization and urban per capita disposable income are positively correlated with the quantity of MSW produced. However, specifically, urbanization in the eastern and midwestern areas of China is insignificantly correlated with the quantity of MSW produced. It is, therefore, recommended that citizens should make sensible and environmental consumption decisions based on per capita disposable income. It is also suggested that quality development and Stead’s urbanization plan should become national policy, and that MSW categorization and a recycling policy should be implemented to treat MSW effectively.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 on Farmers' Economic Income in Hubei Province of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Bin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Arima Model ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Disposable Income ◽  
Total Output ◽  
The Real ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capita Disposable Income ◽  
Economic Income

This paper discusses the statistical measurement of the impact of COVID-19 major emergencies on farmers' economic income in Hubei Province. Hubei Province was selected as the object of analysis, and five data of total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and per capita disposable income of farmers in Hubei Province from the first quarter of 2013 to the second quarter of 2020 were collected by using the Internet. Since all the collected data were macroeconomic data, these data were taken the logarithm to meet the economic significance. The per capita disposable income of farmers was taken as the response variable, and the main factors affecting farmers' income were obtained by factor analysis. Livestock husbandry and fishery industries were the main industries in Hubei Province. Then the score of factor analysis were taken as explained variable to establish regression model composed of influencing factors. This paper use the multiple linear regression, support vector regression to fitting and forecasting data, ARIMA model of time series analysis, introduced at the same time, through the AIC model choice, with the first quarter of 2013 to 2019 in the second quarter fitting training, backward prediction two quarters, and three or four quarter of 2019 compared with the real data, through to the predicted results of the sequence diagram and evaluation index model to compare the mean square error (RMSE). Three models predict per capita disposable income of farmers in the first and second quarter of 2020. It has been found that performance better ARIMA model in the model compare is worse than before, and three kinds of predicted values are higher than the real value of the model, showed the outbreak to the influence of the agricultural economy in hubei province is serious. On this basis, taking into account the characteristics of geomorphic climate in Hubei province, the constructive suggestions are put forward.

The Design of Mechanical Grates Experimental Device of Municipal Solid Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 311-315
Author(s):  
Xin Cai Zhu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Lei Guo ◽  
You Qing Ding ◽  
Shun Hong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Stop Time ◽  
Movement Characteristics ◽  
Push Forward ◽  
Move Distance ◽  
The Impact

In order to research the impact of the structure parameters of mechanical grate on MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) movement characteristics such as transportation speed, average stop time and mixed rate of waste, a kind of mechanical grate cold experimental device has been designed. This device can realize the switch between push forward and backward. Many structure parameters can be adjusted such as the height of grate, move distance of grate, bed angle, and move speed of the grate. Based on Mechanical grate cold experimental device, to study the impact of the mechanical grate structure parameters on the characteristics of waste movement is conducive to applying the results of test to the actual MSW grate incinerator. It provides a strong basis for the improvement and optimization of the mechanical grate furnace in terms of characteristics of Chinese MSW.

scholarly journals Network Design for Municipal Solid Waste Collection: A Case Study of the Nanjing Jiangbei New Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liang ◽  
Ming Liu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Network Design ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operation Cost

Garbage collection is an important part of municipal engineering. An effective service network design can help to reduce the municipal operation cost and improve its service level. In this paper, we propose an optimization model for the network design of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection in the Nanjing Jiangbei new area. The problem was formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model with an emphasis on minimizing the annual operation cost. The model simultaneously decides on the optimal number of refuse transfer stations (RTSs), determines the relative size and location for each RTS, allocates each community to a specific RTS, and finally identifies the annual operation cost and service level for the optimal scenario as well as other scenarios. A custom solution procedure which hybrids an enumeration rule and a genetic algorithm was designed to solve the proposed model. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to illustrate the impact of changes in parameters on the optimality of the proposed model. Test results revealed that our model could provide tangible policy recommendations for managing the MSW collection.

scholarly journals Effects of global and domestic tobacco control policies on cigarette consumption per capita: an evaluation using monthly data in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e025092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxin Xu ◽  
Xiulan Zhang ◽  
Teh Wei Hu ◽  
Leonard S Miller ◽  
Mengnan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cigarette Prices

IntroductionChina consumes 44% of the world’s cigarettes. Robust tobacco control measures are needed to contain the trend of increasing cigarette consumption. This paper examines the effectiveness of policy interventions introduced in China on reducing the country’s tobacco use.MethodsThe paper uses data on China’s monthly cigarette consumption per capita from January 2000 to June 2017 to estimate the impact of specific policies on China’s tobacco consumption. Tobacco consumption is calculated from monthly sales data from the China National Tobacco Corporation and demographic data from the China National Bureau of Statistics. The policies studied include the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), national tobacco-related policy changes and two tobacco tax increases implemented in China during the study period. Segmented regression analysis is used to estimate the immediate effects of the policies studied and changes in the time trends resulted from these policy changes.FindingsThe impact of national policy changes in China is almost 20 times greater than the impact of the WHO FCTC treaty itself, and national policy changes in tobacco control are a determining factor in reversing the trend of increasing tobacco consumption in China. The 2015 tax increase, which raised retail cigarette prices, produced both immediate and trend effects, with a total incremental effect 7.8 times that of the 2009 tax increase, which did not result in higher cigarette prices for the consumer.InterpretationsTranslating global tobacco control policies into domestic policies will generate a much greater impact on reducing average cigarette consumption, and tobacco taxes that are reflected in the retail prices of cigarettes will be more effective in reducing cigarette consumption.

Three municipal solid waste gasification technologies analysis for electrical energy generation in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Medina Jimenez ◽  
Reynaldo Palacios- Bereche ◽  
Silvia Nebra
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Waste Gasification

In Brazil, in 2016, 196,050 tonnes day-1 of municipal solid waste (MSW) were collected, which means a waste generation of 1.035 kg per capita per day. Only 59.1% of the waste has adequate destination in sanitary landfills, whereas the remaining 40.9% has inadequate destination in controlled landfills and open dumps (ABRELPE, 2018). Among all the states in the country, the State of São Paulo has the biggest per capita generation: 2.290 kg. Today, the only waste destination practiced in the country is deposition in landfills, but other possibilities can be considered. Among thermal treatment routes, the gasification of MSW is an interesting alternative to be studied, because of its versatility and relatively low emissions. The aim of this work is to evaluate the potential of electricity generation through MSW gasification in Santo André city, Brazil, comparing three waste gasification technologies: TPS Termiska Processer AB, Carbogas and Energos. These alternatives have operated commercially for a few years, and data are available. Specific characteristics of each technology were taken into account, such as the reactor type and fuel properties. For the electricity production scheme, two energy conversion systems were assumed: an internal combustion engine and a steam power cycle. From the process parameters adopted, the results showed that Carbogas technology, coupled to internal combustion engines, presents the highest efficiency of electricity generation (30%) and also the lowest cost of electrical energy produced (US$65.22 MWh-1) when Santo André’s gate fee is applied.

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