Impact of the Intermittency Movement of Center Pivots on Irrigation Uniformity

A computer model was developed to simulate the varying depths of water applied to the ground due to the intermittent movements of a typical center pivot. The stop–go model inputs include the sprinkler application depth, the sprinkler pattern, that pattern’s wetted radius, the center pivot’s % timer setting, the move cycle time, and the end tower maximum travel speed. The model outputs were the depth of application in the pivot’s movement direction, the distribution uniformity (DU), and the coefficient of uniformity (CU). The results revealed that the pivot circular application uniformity is mostly a function of the move distance as a percent of the sprinklers’ wetted radius. This, in turn, is a function of the percent timer setting, the cycle time, and the end tower travel speed. Due to this, the high-speed center pivots had corresponding lower application uniformities compared to low-speed machines, and sprinklers with larger wetted radii resulted in better uniformity. Shortening the cycle time also resulted in higher uniformity coefficients. Based on these results, it is recommended that the run time be set based on the pivot end-tower’s travel speed and sprinkler wetted radius, such that the end tower move distance is equivalent to the sprinkler wetted radius. This will reduce wear to the tower motors due to the on–off cycling, especially for slow travel settings and for sprinklers with larger wetted radii. The ponding depths at different percent of the move distance, for the potential runoff, were estimated, which were set to be equivalent to the wetted radius.

Distance Supervision in Rehabilitation Counseling: Ethical and Clinical Considerations

Background:The use of technology-mediated distance supervision is a rapidly growing area in rehabilitation counseling and other fields. Distance supervision has both tremendous potential and notable challenges to address, including questions of ethics and evidence.Purpose:This article examines both the ethical and nonethical principles that rehabilitation counseling programs should consider when implementing distance supervision, such as evidence-based practice, competency, confidentiality, informed consent, and access to supervision.Conclusions:Despite its growing popularity, little empirical evidence exists to support the use of distance supervision as an equivalent and empirically supported means of providing clinical supervision. Suggestions for programs on how to move distance supervision forward as an evidence-based and ethically sound component of rehabilitation counseling are included.

The Design of Mechanical Grates Experimental Device of Municipal Solid Waste

In order to research the impact of the structure parameters of mechanical grate on MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) movement characteristics such as transportation speed, average stop time and mixed rate of waste, a kind of mechanical grate cold experimental device has been designed. This device can realize the switch between push forward and backward. Many structure parameters can be adjusted such as the height of grate, move distance of grate, bed angle, and move speed of the grate. Based on Mechanical grate cold experimental device, to study the impact of the mechanical grate structure parameters on the characteristics of waste movement is conducive to applying the results of test to the actual MSW grate incinerator. It provides a strong basis for the improvement and optimization of the mechanical grate furnace in terms of characteristics of Chinese MSW.

A Wireless Head-Controlled Mouse Design Using Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter Algorithm

For some disabled people can’t use hand to control the mouse, this paper designs a novel head-controlled mouse. Using accelerometers and gyroscopes as the sensitive element of the system measure the head rotation angle. The mouse is controlled as for the relationship between the head rotation angle and the mouse move distance. For mouse click operation, this article designed a software to achieve. Considering the MEMS sensor noise affect the mouse control accuracy, using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to fusion the data of accelerometers and gyroscopes to obtain the optimal angle estimation. Compared with only using an accelerometer or gyroscope sensor, the method proposed in this paper for angle measurement can have high accuracy and stability, thereby improving the mouse control precision and maneuverability.

EUK1111 Attenuates Scopolamine-Induced Learning Deficits in the Passive Avoidance Test

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effects of the EUK1111 on passive avoidance of amnestic mice model induced by scopolamine. Five groups were divided: Control, model, model + high concentration (260 mg/kg), model + middle concentration (104.2 mg/kg) and model + low concentration (5.2 mg/kg). An open field experiment was conducted to test the locomotor activity after EUK1111 was taken orally 30 days. Scopolamine was injected intraperitoneal (1.5 mg/kg ) 10 minutes before passive avoidance test was conducted. There were no significant difference among the groups on move time, total moves, move velocity and move distance (P > 0. 05). However, in passive avoidance test, the latencies to dark side were significantly longer in model + high concentration group, model + middle concentration group than model group ( P < 0. 05). It indicates that EUK1111 may attenuate scopolamine induced learning deficits.

Zero Vibration Multi-Switch Bang-Bang Commands for a Floating Oscillator System

This paper presents a method for creating multi-switch bang-bang commands to produce rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator system. The advantage of the proposed method is its simplicity and robustness. The amplitude and switch times of the input commands are computed from the 1) desired move distance, 2) the system parameters and 3) the desired level of robustness. The robustness of the commands to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot of the step response. For the proposed method, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that both the number of switches in the command and the duration of the command affect the overall robustness.

Bang-Bang Control of a Floating Oscillator

The objective of this paper is to use a simple bang-bang control law to create rest-to-rest command inputs for a floating oscillator. This work is motivated by previous work on bang-bang control for systems with two integrators. The advantage of the proposed bang-bang controller is its simplicity and robustness. The bangbang control signal switches between a maximum and minimum value once over the duration of the control signal. The amplitude and duration are computed from the desired move distance and the system parameters. The robustness of the proposed controller to model uncertainty is measured by the percent overshoot in the response once the system has reached the desired move distance. For the proposed controller, numerical simulations of the floating oscillator demonstrate that the robustness improves as the duration of the bang-bang command signal increases and that, given a fixed duration, a further improvement in robustness is obtained over a limited but significant range of uncertainty by using multiple switches within the duration of the bang-bang signal.

Neighbor Size of Initial Node Exchange and its Influence for SOM Learning

The Self Organizing Map (SOM) involves neural networks, that learns the features of input data through unsupervised, competitive neighborhood learning. In the SOM learning algorithm, connection weights in a SOM feature map are initialized at random values, which also sets nodes at random locations in the feature map independent of input data space. The distance that output nodes move increases, slowing learning convergence. We propose solving this problem in initial node exchange using part of learning data. We investigated how the average move distance of all nodes, measured by convergence, changed with differences in the initial size of the neighbor area in node exchange. We clarified the influence of the initial neighbor size on the average move distance of all nodes, clarified the expression of relations, and showed the optimum domain of relations.

Experimental Verification of Real-Time Control for Flexible Systems With On-Off Actuators

A technique for driving a flexible system with on-off actuators is presented and experimentally verified. The control system is designed to move the rigid body of a structure a desired distance without causing residual vibration in the flexible modes. The on-off control actions are described by closed-form functions of the system’s natural frequency, damping ratio, actuator force-to-mass ratio, and the desired move distance. Given the closed-form equations, the control sequence can be determined in real time without the need for numerical optimization. Performance measures of the proposed controller such as speed of response, actuator effort, peak transient deflection, and robustness to modeling errors are examined. Experiments performed on a flexible satellite testbed verify the utility of the proposed method.

A dynamic optimal trajectory generator for Cartesian Path following

This paper considers a dynamic and adaptive trajectory generator for negotiating paths using S-curves. Applying constant jerk transitions between the constant acceleration and deceleration periods of the trajectory, the trajectory will optimally transition to the desired speed setting. Optimal is defined to be the minimum time to transition from the current speed to the set speed for the move segment when jerk and acceleration are limited. The S-curve equations will adapt to instantaneous changes in speed setting and path length. An integrated motion planner will determine allowable speeds and transitional profiles based on the remaining move distance.