Do Global Ability Composites Differentially Predict Academic Achievement Across Gender?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Lewno-Dumdie ◽  
Daniel B. Hajovsky
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Intellectual Ability ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Grade Levels ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
General Intellectual Ability ◽  
Composite Scores

The present study examined whether global ability influences on reading, writing, and math achievement are generalizable across gender in children and adolescents in Grades 1 to 4 ( n = 1,276), 5 to 8 ( n = 1,265), and 9 to 12 ( n = 1,042) using multiple group structural equation modeling with the standardization samples for the Woodcock–Johnson IV. Results showed a small female advantage in writing achievement across grade levels. The General Intellectual Ability (GIA) composite showed some evidence of slope bias with math achievement, and the Fluid-Crystallized (G f-G c) composite showed some evidence of slope bias with math and reading achievement. The GIA and G f-G c composite scores showed evidence of intercept bias mostly in the area of writing achievement. Findings are generally consistent with previous research showing minimal gender bias in global intelligence predicting achievement.

scholarly journals Is Sport Sponsorship Global? Evidence from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noni Zaharia ◽  
Kurt C. Mayer Jr. ◽  
Eric Hungenberg ◽  
Dianna Gray ◽  
David Stotlar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Sport Sponsorship ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
The United Kingdom

<p>This study sought to develop and test a cross-national sport sponsorship model. Sponsorship and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theories were utilized for the theoretical framework for this study. A survey was conducted with 522 Chelsea FC soccer club’s fans from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India in the area of sponsorship through a jersey sponsorship. Single and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the global sport sponsorship model. The results acknowledged the measurement and structural invariance of a global model for five sport sponsorship outcomes (i.e., sponsorship awareness, sponsorship fit, attitude toward the sponsor, gratitude, and purchase intentions), controlling for age, gender, education, household income and the household’s decision maker. The statistical analyses indicated that structural relationships among the analyzed sponsorship outcomes were invariant among all three countries. The effect of sponsorship fit predicted the presence of purchase intentions, while the attitude toward the sponsor was the strongest predictor of purchase intentions.</p>

scholarly journals Individual differences in executive function partially explain the socioeconomic gradient in middle-school academic achievement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Albert ◽  
Jamie Lars Hanson ◽  
Ann Skinner ◽  
Ken Dodge ◽  
Laurence Steinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Math Achievement ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient ◽  
Reading And Math ◽  
Math Proficiency

Children from families with low socioeconomic status (SES) earn lower grades, perform worse on achievement tests, and attain less education on average than their peers from higher-SES families. We evaluated neurocognitive mediators of SES disparities in achievement in a diverse sample of youth whose data were linked to administrative records of performance on school-administered tests of 7th grade reading and math proficiency (*N*=203). We used structural equation modeling to evaluate whether associations between SES (measured at ages 8-9) and achievement (measured at age 13) are mediated by verbal ability and executive function (measured at age 10), a suite of top-down mental processes that facilitate control of thinking and behavior. Children from relatively higher-SES families performed better than their lower-SES peers on all neurocognitive and achievement measures, and SES disparities in both reading and math achievement were partially mediated by variation in executive function, but not verbal ability. SES disparities in executive function explained approximately 37% of the SES gap in math achievement and 17% of the SES gap in reading achievement. Exploratory modeling suggests that SES-related variation in working memory may play a particularly prominent role in mediation. We discuss potential implications of these findings for research, intervention programming, and classroom practice.

Contact, Perceived Threat, and Attitudes Toward Assimilation and Multiculturalism: Evidence From a Majority and Minority Perspective in Luxembourg

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Sophie Callens ◽  
Bart Meuleman ◽  
Valentová Marie
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
European Values ◽  
European Values Study

In this article, we study how attitudes toward the integration of immigrants (multiculturalism and assimilation) are formed through the interplay between immigration-related threat perceptions, intergroup contacts, and the different migratory backgrounds of residents in a host country. The analysis is conducted using Multiple Group Structural Equation Modeling on data from the 2008 Luxembourg European Values Study. Our findings indicate that stronger perceptions of threat are related to more support for assimilation among all residents and to less support for multiculturalism among native residents and culturally close immigrants. More contact with natives is associated with more support for assimilation among culturally close immigrants and with more threat perceptions among culturally distant immigrants.

scholarly journals Effect of practical training on the learning motivation profile of Japanese pharmacy students using structural equation modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeo Yamamura ◽  
Rieko Takehira
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Multiple Group

Purpose: To establish a model of Japanese pharmacy students’ learning motivation profile and investigate the effects of pharmaceutical practical training programs on their learning motivation. Methods: The Science Motivation Questionnaire II was administered to pharmacy students in their 4th (before practical training), 5th (before practical training at clinical sites), and 6th (after all practical training) years of study at Josai International University in April, 2016. Factor analysis and multiple-group structural equation modeling were conducted for data analysis. Results: A total of 165 students participated. The learning motivation profile was modeled with 4 factors (intrinsic, career, self-determination, and grade motivation), and the most effective learning motivation was grade motivation. In the multiple-group analysis, the fit of the model with the data was acceptable, and the estimated mean value of the factor of ‘self-determination’ in the learning motivation profile increased after the practical training programs (P= 0.048, Cohen’s d= 0.43). Conclusion: Practical training programs in a 6-year course were effective for increasing learning motivation, based on ‘self-determination’ among Japanese pharmacy students. The results suggest that practical training programs are meaningful not only for providing clinical experience but also for raising learning motivation.

scholarly journals Patterns of Bureaucracy in Intercollegiate Athletic Departments

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio M. Rocha ◽  
Packianathan Chelladurai
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Academic Values ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Intercollegiate Athletic Departments

The objective of the current research was to verify the extent to which Gouldner’s (1954) three patterns of bureaucracy were prevalent in intercollegiate athletic departments. Single and multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) of the data provided by 907 coaches from all three NCAA divisions (ndivI= 322; ndivII= 277; ndivIII= 308) showed that structural relationships among goals, processes, and patterns of bureaucracy were invariant among all three groups of coaches. Substantively, the factor of developmental goals through developmental processes (Trail & Chelladurai, 2000) predicted positively the presence ofrepresentative bureaucracyandpunishment-centered bureaucracyand negatively the existence ofmock bureaucracy. This means that the more athletic departments emphasize academic values, the less the coaches perceive a pattern of loose coupling between rules and actual technical activities. Implications of these results for theory and practice were discussed.

Uncertainty avoidance as a moderator for influences on foreign resident dining out behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunhee Seo ◽  
Kawon Kim ◽  
Junghee Jang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Subjective Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Multiple Group Analysis

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating effect of uncertainty avoidance (UA) on the relationships among subjective knowledge, attitude toward Korean foods and dining out behavioral intentions (BI) of foreign residents in Korea. Design/methodology/approach A total of 247 foreign residents in Korea were participated through a street intercept survey at several locations in metropolitan areas of South Korea. Subsequently, the samples were divided into two groups (a low UA group and a high UA group) for multiple group analysis to examine the moderating role of UA. Findings The results of structural equation modeling showed that subjective knowledge and attitude toward Korean foods significantly influenced intention to visit Korean restaurants. Furthermore, multiple group analysis results showed that UA had a significant moderating effect as a cultural dimension on the relationships between subjective knowledge and BI, as well as between attitude and BI. Research limitations/implications This research has made the first attempt to account for UA in examining the relationships among subjective knowledge, attitude and BIs, especially for ambiguous situations where foreign residents who are new to the mainstream Korean food culture face challenges in visiting Korean restaurants. Practical implications The findings indicate that enhancing subjective knowledge about Korean foods should increase the probability of foreign residents visiting Korean restaurants, so restaurant marketers should consider subjective knowledge as they work to encourage foreign residents to try Korean foods. Furthermore, planning strategies for marketing to foreign residents should consider level of UA among foreigners. Originality/value This study first illustrates the value of considering the cultural trait of UA in examining dining out behavior at ethnic restaurants. The UA trait sheds light on how subjective knowledge helps predict attitude and dining out BI at ethnic restaurants.

Youth Violence in South Africa: Exposure, Attitudes, and Resilience in Zulu Adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ewon Choe ◽  
Marc A. Zimmerman ◽  
Bashi Devnarain
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Adult Involvement ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Exposure to violence is common in South Africa. Yet, few studies examine how violence exposure contributes to South African adolescents’ participation in youth violence. The aims of this study were to examine effects of different violence exposures on violent attitudes and behavior, to test whether attitudes mediated effects of violence exposures on violent behavior, and to test whether adult involvement had protective or promotive effects. Questionnaires were administered to 424 Zulu adolescents in township high schools around Durban, South Africa. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test associations among violence exposures and both violent attitudes and behavior. Victimization, witnessing violence, and friends’ violent behavior contributed directly to violent behavior. Only family conflict and friends’ violence influenced violent attitudes. Attitudes mediated effects of friends’ violence on violent behavior. Multiple-group SEM indicated that adult involvement fit a protective model of resilience. These findings are discussed regarding their implications for prevention.

Cross-cultural study of caregiver burden for Alzheimer's disease in Japan and Taiwan: result from Dementia Research in Kumamoto and Tainan (DeReKaT)

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masateru Matsushita ◽  
Ming-Chyi Pai ◽  
Cai-Ying Jhou ◽  
Asuka Koyama ◽  
Manabu Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Latent Factor ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Dementia Research

ABSTRACTBackground:Caregiver burden (CB) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Taiwan is becoming an urgent social issue as well as that in Japan. The comparison of CB may explain how caregiver feels burden in each country.Methods:The participants were 343 outpatients with AD and their caregivers of Japan (n= 230) and Taiwan (n= 113). We assessed the CB using the Japanese and Chinese version of Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI). The initial analysis was an exploratory factor analysis for each group to confirm the factor structure of ZBI. Then, the multiple-group structural equation modeling (MG-SEM) was used to assess the measurement invariance of ZBI such as configural, metric, and scalar invariances. Lastly, we compared the latent factor means of the ZBI between Japan and Taiwan.Results:In both groups, the confirmatory factor analysis extracted 3 factors which were labeled “Impact on caregiver's life”, “Embarrassed/anger”, and “Dependency”. The MG-SEM indicated an acceptable model fit, and established the partial scalar measurement invariance (comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.901, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.066). When we compared the latent factor means, the score of “Impact on caregiver's life” in Taiwanese caregivers was significantly higher than that in Japanese (p= 0.001). However, “Dependency” in Taiwanese caregivers was lower than that in Japanese (p< 0.001).Conclusions:Partial measurement invariance allowed comparing the latent factor mean across two countries. The results of comparisons suggested that there may be differences in the way of feeling CB between Japan and Taiwan.

scholarly journals Mixture Modeling for Lifespan Developmental Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre J.S. Morin ◽  
David Litalien
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Models ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Mixture Regression ◽  
Growth Mixture ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
Latent Curve Models ◽  
Over Time

As part of the Generalized Structural Equation Modeling framework, mixture models are person-centered analyses seeking to identify distinct subpopulations, or profiles, of participants differing quantitatively and qualitatively from one another on a configuration of indicators and/or relations among these indicators. Mixture models are typological (resulting in a classification system), probabilistic (each participant having a probability of membership into all profiles based on prototypical similarity), and exploratory (the optimal model is typically selected based on a comparison of alternative specifications) in nature, and can take different forms. Latent profile analyses seek to identify subpopulations of participants differing from one another on a configuration of indicators and can be extended to factor mixture analyses allowing for the incorporation of latent factors to the model. In contrast, mixture regression analyses seek to identify subpopulations of participants’ differing from one another in terms of relations among profile indicators. These analyses can be extended to the multiple-group and/or longitudinal analyses, allowing researchers to conduct tests of profile similarity across different samples of participants or time points, and latent transition analyses can be used to assess probabilities of profiles transition over time among a sample of participants (i.e., within person stability and change in profile membership). Finally, growth mixture analyses are built from latent curve models and seek to identify subpopulations of participants following quantitatively and qualitatively distinct trajectories over time. All of these models can accommodate covariates, used either as predictors, correlates, or outcomes, and can even be extended to tests of mediation and moderation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document