Measuring Parents’ Perceptions of Programming Education in P-12 Schools: Scale Development and Validation

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siu-Cheung Kong ◽  
Robert Kwok-Yiu Li ◽  
Ron Chi-Wai Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Programming Education ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Development And Validation

Schools around the globe increasingly realized the importance of technology and its application in the education system. To guarantee a successful educational innovation, schools seek out different parties for valuable opinions. Among them, parents are the important feedback providers, because their attitudes are influential on children’s academic performance. Moreover, their involvement and support are considered the key factor that facilitates an effective implementation of programming education at schools. This study aimed at developing and validating an instrument measuring parents’ perceptions of programming education among P-12 schools in Hong Kong. We propose that parents’ perceptions of programming education is a multidimensional construct which constitutes (a) understanding, (b) support, and (c) expectation. In total, 524 questionnaires were collected from the parents who attended programming workshops and seminars. Exploratory factor analysis shows evidence for the three-dimensional construct. Confirmatory factor analysis reconfirms the measurement structure. Implications of the study are discussed.

scholarly journals Psychotherapy Style Scale: Development and Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shegang Zhou ◽  
Yanfei Hou ◽  
Ding Liu ◽  
Duo Xu ◽  
Xiaoyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Reliable Criterion ◽  
Scale Development And Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Validity Measures ◽  
Development And Validation

Psychotherapy style is conceptualized as the therapeutic method that a therapist employs while working with clients during treatment. It influences both the therapeutic process and results of therapeutic actions. The present study developed and validated the Psychotherapy Style Scale (PSS). By following a systematic psychometric development process, a three-factor structure of the PSS was identified. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis provided evidence of multidimensional structure and validity of the PSS. Cronbach’s α suggested that the resulting scale was highly reliable. Criterion validity was also satisfactory, demonstrated by correlations between the scale and criterion validity measures. The PSS has the potential to help better understand therapists’ behavioral characteristics and select the most appropriate therapists for clients who undergo psychotherapy.

Sustainable meat consumption intentions: conceptualisation, scale development and validation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Zahra ◽  
Breda McCarthy ◽  
Taha Chaiechi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Face ◽  
Consumption Intentions ◽  
Development And Validation

PurposeThis study aims to propose and validate a new, comprehensive scale of sustainable meat consumption intentions (SMCI) from the Pakistani consumers' perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe SMCI scale was developed in four phases, following a mixed-methods approach. Phase 1 generated a pool of items through an extensive literature review and seven focus groups. Phase 2 established the face and content validity of the items. Phase 3 resulted in scale purification in Study 1 (n = 222), followed by Study 2, using exploratory factor analysis (n = 412) to derive an initial factor structure, along with reliability assessment and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 310) to test the theoretical structure. Phase 4 validated the results (n = 355).FindingsThe results from the three studies yielded a ten-item, three-dimensional SMCI scale: “meat detachment”, “meat curtailment” and “organic meat purchase”.Originality/valueNo study at present fully measures the aspects of sustainable meat consumption in Muslim market segments and emerging economies. The formation of the SMCI scale is an important academic contribution that identifies three facets of consumers' SMCI.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Instrument Measuring Cyberbullying Among Malaysian Youths

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91
Author(s):  
Akmar Hayati Ahmad Ghazali ◽  
Asnarulkhadi Abu Samah ◽  
Siti Zobidah Omar ◽  
Haslinda Abdullah ◽  
Aminah Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Instrument Development ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Instrument Measuring ◽  
Development And Validation

This study sought to develop and validate an instrument measuring cyberbullying among Malaysian youths. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed to determine the best sub-factors and items for the instrument, while confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to test and validate the measurement model. Results from EFA on 38 items showed that the items were pooled into four sub-factors. Meanwhile, results from CFA indicated that eight items had to be discarded in order to confirm that the model was fit. Overall, the final version of the instrument consisted of four cyberbullying sub-factors, namely, impersonation (13 items), cyberstalking and harassment (nine items), flaming (four items), and elimination (four items).      Keywords: Instrument development; Youths; Cyberbullying; Youth development     

Development and Validation of a German Language Unit-Level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 852-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Gunnesch-Luca ◽  
Klaus Moser
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
German Language ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Unit Level ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

Abstract. The current paper presents the development and validation of a unit-level Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) scale based on the Referent-Shift Consensus Model (RSCM). In Study 1, with 124 individuals measured twice, both an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) established and confirmed a five-factor solution (helping behavior, sportsmanship, loyalty, civic virtue, and conscientiousness). Test–retest reliabilities at a 2-month interval were high (between .59 and .79 for the subscales, .83 for the total scale). In Study 2, unit-level OCB was analyzed in a sample of 129 work teams. Both Interrater Reliability (IRR) measures and Interrater Agreement (IRA) values provided support for RSCM requirements. Finally, unit-level OCB was associated with group task interdependence and was more predictable (by job satisfaction and integrity of the supervisor) than individual-level OCB in previous research.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Faith Scale for Young Children

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Sungwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Christian Education ◽  
Faith Development ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a faith scale for young children. Data were collected from 424 young children, who had not yet entered elementary school, with their parents rating their faith level. Sixty-five preliminary questions were formulated under three domains―knowing, loving, and living—that were based on existing studies related to faith. The questions were reduced to 40 through a content validity test conducted by a seven-member panel. These questions were subsequently refined through pilot study, main survey, and statistical analysis. After exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scale was finalized, comprising 25 questions that can be categorized into three factors: confessional faith life, missional life, and distinctive life. This scale is expected to measure early childhood faith and prove the effectiveness of Christian education programs on a young child’s faith development.

The Development and Validation of the Familial Support of Multiracial Experiences Scale

2021 ◽  
pp. 001100002110463
Author(s):  
Annabelle L. Atkin ◽  
N. Keita Christophe ◽  
Hyung Chol Yoo ◽  
Abigail K. Gabriel ◽  
Christine S. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Identity Exploration ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
Racial Experiences ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Group Memberships

The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of familial support of Multiracial individuals’ unique racial experiences to advance the field’s understanding of how familial processes influence Multiracial development. A sample of 422 Multiracial college students (77.7% female, Mage = 20.05) from three different regions of the United States completed the survey. Exploratory factor analysis results suggested a two-factor measure. Multiracial Conscious Support, a 15-item subscale, represented support strategies unique to Multiracial individuals’ experiences of discrimination and identity exploration. The second 7-item subscale, Multiple Heritage Validation, represented validation of membership in multiple racial groups. The factor structure was supported by confirmatory factor analysis findings with a separate sample. Support was found for the reliability and validity of each subscale. This study provides evidence validating the first measure of familial support of Multiracial experiences, highlighting two themes of support addressing unique experiences of being Multiracial, and validating multiple racial group memberships.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of News Addiction Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ghulam Ishaq ◽  
Saba Ghayas ◽  
Adnan Adil
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Principal Axis Factoring ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Unidimensional Structure ◽  
Purposive Sample

The current study was undertaken in order to construct a psychometrically sound measure of news addiction for Pakistani people. The research comprised of three studies. The first study dealt with the development of News Addiction Scale (NAS) for Pakistani people. The items of the scale were empirically determined for content validation and an exploratory factor analysis was undertaken on a purposive sample of 247 individuals (men = 183, women = 64; with a mean age of 40.1 years, SD = 15.2 years). Thirty items were subjected to Principal Axis Factoring and the resulting scree plot and Eigenvalues evidenced a single factor solution with 19 items, which accounted for 53.96% of the variance. In the second study, a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out on a sample of 240 participants and the results revealed an excellent model fit to the data, which validated the unidimensional structure of the scale. Study III of the present research was conducted on a purposive sample of 100 individuals and it provided a convincing evidence of convergent validity of the scale as significant positive correlation was observed between news addiction and behavioral activation and concurrent validity as individuals with more duration of exposure had significantly higher mean score on the NAS. Across the two studies, the Cronbach alpha of the scale remained ≥ .90. These pieces of evidence suggested that NAS would be a promising indigenous measure of news addiction.

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