Willingness of Journalists and Public to Support Freedom of Expression

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Andsager ◽  
M. Mark Miller
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Public ◽  
Personal Rights

Two sets of survey data - one from a survey of ASNE members - were combined and analyzed to determine differences between journalists and the public in support of media rights and personal rights of free speech. Results indicate that journalists are significantly more supportive than the public of both kinds of expressive rights.

scholarly journals Foucault's "fearless speech" and the transformation and mentoring of medical students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Papadimos ◽  
Stuart J Murray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Effort ◽  
Ethical Response

In his six 1983 lectures published under the title, Fearless Speech (2001), Michel Foucault developed the theme of free speech and its relation to frankness, truth-telling, criticism, and duty. Derived from the ancient Greek word parrhesia, Foucault's analysis of free speech is relevant to the mentoring of medical students. This is especially true given the educational and social need to transform future physicians into able citizens who practice a fearless freedom of expression on behalf of their patients, the public, the medical profession, and themselves in the public and political arena. In this paper, we argue that Foucault's understanding of free speech, or parrhesia, should be read as an ethical response to the American Medical Association's recent educational effort, Initiative to Transform Medical Education (ITME): Recommendations for change in the system of medical education (2007). In this document, the American Medical Association identifies gaps in medical education, emphasizing the need to enhance health system safety and quality, to improve education in training institutions, and to address the inadequacy of physician preparedness in new content areas. These gaps, and their relationship to the ITME goal of promoting excellence in patient care by implementing reform in the US system of medical education, call for a serious consideration and use of Foucault's parrhesia in the way that medical students are trained and mentored.

Democratic Experimentalism and the Public Sphere

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-158
Author(s):  
Oliver Gerstenberg
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
The Public ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
Personality Rights ◽  
Personal Rights ◽  
Democratic Experimentalism ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

This chapter argues that democratic-experimentalist forms of judicial review should not be confined to socioeconomic rights but can also be invoked with negative liberties and dignitarian personal rights. An apparent dilemma is this: on the one hand, modern, pluralist democracies are increasingly, and often irreconcilably, divided when it comes to fundamental choices which affect and express the self-understanding of a polity as a whole in matters such as, say, the right to religious freedom, free speech, the rights of transsexuals, and so forth. These matters have even become the subject of entrenched culture wars. And yet, on the other hand, there is an ever-accelerating reliance on courts and the judiciary for addressing those fundamental choices. The judiciary’s influence extends beyond settling disputes and seeps into all aspects of society, codifying the values of our times. But doesn’t this overstretch the resources of consensus-based legality? The concern is that judges are drawn into the crucible of pluralistic politics. By considering the jurisprudence of both the ECtHR and the CJEU, this chapter argues that even here courts can play a benign proceduralizing role, giving voice to the hitherto marginalized. The chapter addresses selected topical issues: the important example of freedom of conscience, which in Europe emerged after many centuries of religious persecution; the clash between free speech and personality rights; and personality rights in the context of (trans-) gender rights and same-sex marriage.

scholarly journals Foucault's "fearless speech" and the transformation and mentoring of medical students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J Papadimos ◽  
Stuart J Murray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Educational Effort ◽  
Ethical Response

In his six 1983 lectures published under the title, Fearless Speech (2001), Michel Foucault developed the theme of free speech and its relation to frankness, truth-telling, criticism, and duty. Derived from the ancient Greek word parrhesia, Foucault's analysis of free speech is relevant to the mentoring of medical students. This is especially true given the educational and social need to transform future physicians into able citizens who practice a fearless freedom of expression on behalf of their patients, the public, the medical profession, and themselves in the public and political arena. In this paper, we argue that Foucault's understanding of free speech, or parrhesia, should be read as an ethical response to the American Medical Association's recent educational effort, Initiative to Transform Medical Education (ITME): Recommendations for change in the system of medical education (2007). In this document, the American Medical Association identifies gaps in medical education, emphasizing the need to enhance health system safety and quality, to improve education in training institutions, and to address the inadequacy of physician preparedness in new content areas. These gaps, and their relationship to the ITME goal of promoting excellence in patient care by implementing reform in the US system of medical education, call for a serious consideration and use of Foucault's parrhesia in the way that medical students are trained and mentored.

Freedom of Expression versus Privacy and the Right to Reputation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Voorhoof
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right Of Privacy ◽  
The One ◽  
Grand Chamber ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The normative perspective of this chapter is how to guarantee respect for the fundamental values of freedom of expression and journalistic reporting on matters of public interest in cases where a (public) person claims protection of his or her right to reputation. First it explains why there is an increasing number and expanding potential of conflicts between the right to freedom of expression and media freedom (Article 10 ECHR), on the one hand, and the right of privacy and the right to protection of reputation (Article 8 ECHR), on the other. In addressing and analysing the European Court’s balancing approach in this domain, the characteristics and the impact of the seminal 2012 Grand Chamber judgment in Axel Springer AG v. Germany (no. 1) are identified and explained. On the basis of the analysis of the Court’s subsequent jurisprudence in defamation cases it evaluates whether this case law preserves the public watchdog-function of media, investigative journalism and NGOs reporting on matters of public interest, but tarnishing the reputation of public figures.

scholarly journals What does it mean when we ask the public if they are ‘confident’ in policing? The trust, fairness, presence model of ‘public confidence’

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Morrell ◽  
Ben Bradford ◽  
Basit Javid
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Single Item ◽  
The Public ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Part Model

‘Confidence’ is widely taken to be a crucial measure of the relationship between citizens and public services such as policing. It is acknowledged that confidence is multifaceted and hard to measure, but often discussions are based on one ‘headline’ rating of a single item, for instance: ‘What is your level of confidence in…’. The subsequent focus for research is explaining what might drive ‘confidence’, or what it might predict. We are interested in a more fundamental question: what does it mean when we ask the public if they are ‘confident’ in policing? To answer this, we analyse extensive and detailed survey data specifically designed to measure public confidence, within the jurisdiction of a UK police force – West Midlands Police. We develop then validate a three-part model of confidence as trust, fairness and presence, and find good evidence to support this model across different waves of the survey. This extends existing literature with implications for policy.

The Determinants and Consequences of Accurate Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Joslyn ◽  
Steven M. Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we examine the individual predictors that are responsible for accurate beliefs about the link between vaccinations and autism. We then show how these beliefs affect policy preferences about vaccines. We derive two hypotheses from motivated reasoning theory and test these on national survey data from Gallup and CBS News. Republicans were less likely to report accurate beliefs than Democrats. In addition, educational attainment modified the impact of party identification. The gap between Republicans and Democrats in likelihood of reporting accurate beliefs was largest among the most educated portion of the public. Finally, we show that accurate beliefs about vaccines, independent of statistical controls, are important predictors of policy attitudes about unvaccinated children attending public school and parental choice about the decision to vaccinate. We discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.

The Structure of a Free Speech Right

2021 ◽  
pp. 212-230
Author(s):  
Stephen Gardbaum
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Free Speech Rights

This chapter describes the structural elements or components of a free speech right. The nature and extent of a free speech right depends upon a number of legal components. The first is the legal source of the right (in common law, statute, or a constitution) and the force of the right having regard to how it is enforced, and whether and how it can be superseded. The second component is the ‘subject’ of free speech rights, or who are the rights-holders: citizens, natural or legal persons. The third is the ‘scope’ of a free speech right, while the fourth is the kind of obligation it imposes on others: a negative prohibition or a positive obligation. The fifth component is the ‘object’ of a free speech right: who is bound to respect a right of freedom of expression and against whom the right may be asserted. Finally, there is the ‘limitation’ of a free speech right.

Education, Free Speech, and the Fate of the Public

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
Christopher P. Loss
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals The Dangers of Hoaxes in Building Civil Society in the Era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-138
Author(s):  
Muhamad Basitur Rijal Gus Rijal ◽  
Ahyani Hisam ◽  
Abdul Basit
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

Civil society (civil society) as the ideal structure of society's life that is aspired to, but building a civil society is not easy. There are preconditions that must be met by the community in making it happen. Coupled with technological advances in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.o like today, where information can spread easily through various online media unlimitedly in spreading hoaxes. This research seeks to uncover the dangers of hoaxes in building civil society. This research uses descriptive analytical method by examining the sources of literature related to building civil society in the Industrial Revolution 4.o. This research found that the public space is a means of free speech; democratic behavior; tolerant; pluralism; and social justice can shape civil society. whereas the impact of hoax news greatly affects the way people perceive a certain issue, so that people cannot distinguish which news is real or fake news which causes them to be incited by fake news that is spread.

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