The Determinants and Consequences of Accurate Beliefs About Childhood Vaccinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 628-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Joslyn ◽  
Steven M. Sylvester
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Parental Choice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

In this article, we examine the individual predictors that are responsible for accurate beliefs about the link between vaccinations and autism. We then show how these beliefs affect policy preferences about vaccines. We derive two hypotheses from motivated reasoning theory and test these on national survey data from Gallup and CBS News. Republicans were less likely to report accurate beliefs than Democrats. In addition, educational attainment modified the impact of party identification. The gap between Republicans and Democrats in likelihood of reporting accurate beliefs was largest among the most educated portion of the public. Finally, we show that accurate beliefs about vaccines, independent of statistical controls, are important predictors of policy attitudes about unvaccinated children attending public school and parental choice about the decision to vaccinate. We discuss the theoretical and practical significance of these findings.

scholarly journals The impact of end-userś participation (cancer patients) during the optimization process

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Houwaart
Keyword(s):  
End Users ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Patient Organization ◽  
End User ◽  
The Public ◽  
Patient Organizations ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract End-user (e.g. patients or the public) testing of information material is becoming more common in the German public health care system. However, including the end-user (in this case patients) in an optimisation process and thus enabling a close collaboration while developing PIMs is still rare. This is surprising, given the fact that patients provide the exact perspective one is trying to address. Within the isPO project, a patient organization is included as a legal project partner to act as the patient representative and provide the patient's perspective. As such, the patient organization was included in the PHR approach as part of the PIM-optimisation team. During the optimisation process, the patients gave practical insights into the procedures of diagnosing and treating different types of cancer as well as into the patient's changing priorities and challenges at different time points. This was crucial information for the envisioned application of the individual PIMs and their hierarchical overview. Moreover, the developed PIM-checklist enabled the patients to give detailed feedback to the PIMs. With their experience of being in the exact situation in which the PIMs will be applied, their recommendations, especially on the wording and layout of the materials, have been a valuable contribution to the PIM optimisation process. In this part of the seminar, we will take a closer look at the following skill building aspects: What is gained from including patients as end-users in the development and optimization of PIM?How can we reach patients to contribute to a PIM optimization process? Which requirements and prerequisites do patients have to provide to successfully work on an optimisation team?How to compromise and weigh opinions when different ideas occur? Altogether, this part will construct a structured path of productive patient involvement and help to overcome uncertainties regarding a collaboration with patient organizations.

THE IMPACT OF THE ANTI-CORRUPTION CAMPAIGN ON INCOME DISTRIBUTION: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
YING GE ◽  
JINJUN XUE
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
Earnings Gap ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper provides the first systematic micro-level evidences on the effectiveness of anti-corruption campaign in disciplining public officials and its impact on income distribution. Based on China Household Income Project (CHIP) survey data 2007 and 2013, we found that party and government officials had significant hidden income and the public–private earnings gap was as high as 8% before the campaign. However, the hidden income become not significant and the earnings gap declined to −18% in this post-campaign period. The regions inspected by central anti-corruption inspection groups experience larger public earnings penalties compared to the other regions. Overall, our findings suggest that the privilege of public officials declined sharply during this anti-corruption campaign.

Worktown and Muslims

British Gods ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 144-181
Author(s):  
Steve Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Attitude Survey ◽  
The Public ◽  
Satanic Verses ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Town ◽  
British People

In the 1930s, Bolton was the site of Mass Observation’s first major research project, and subsequent restudies allow us to track in detail the decline of Christianity in the town. It was also the site of the first major Muslim demonstration against Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses. The reaction of Boltonians to Islam is discussed as an introduction to wider consideration of the impact of the growth of Islam in Britain. Detailed discussion of media coverage of Muslims and of attitude survey data makes the case that, while some British people dislike Islam, a more powerful trend is growing hostility to any religion that is taken seriously enough to intrude on the public sphere.

Additional Opinions and Judicial Diversity at the International Court of Justice

2020 ◽  
pp. 246-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemi Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
International Court ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Additional opinions—that is, dissenting opinions, separate opinions, and declarations—are, by definition, the primary institutional mechanism through which judges can express their individual views on a particular decision, as distinct from the judgment or decision proclaimed on behalf of the institution. Therefore, within the public sphere they are the principal institutional manifestation of the individual—and thus the individuality—of the judge. Consequently, for those who seek to understand the impact of certain personal characteristics upon how a judge discharges their professional functions and, in turn, the wider institutional and systemic implications of the participation of individuals bearing those characteristics, the study of additional opinions would seem a useful analytical enterprise. Using gender diversity at the International Court of Justice as a case study, the purpose of this chapter is twofold: first, to explain the relationship between diversity and additional opinions, and second, to explore the methodological potential, and challenges, that the study of additional opinions entails.

Between Modernity and Nostalgia: The Meanings of Death in Hotels

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478
Author(s):  
Ulrike Zitzlsperger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Symbolic Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Responding To Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Joseph Roth

Abstract This article takes its cue from the public impact of the deaths of singers, artists and writers in hotels. Particular attention is paid to the murder of Nancy Spungen in New York’s Chelsea Hotel, in 1978. A long tradition of literary and filmic hotel deaths shows similarly strong links with contemporary cultures – illustrating political, social or cultural change and questioning the impact of modernity. However, as well as responding to change, death in the context of hotels is also linked with nostalgia for an irretrievable past. Such are the two poles of cultural criticism in the topos of hotel deaths: they throw modernity into relief, celebrating or criticizing it through the symbolic structure of the hotel; or they inculcate a warm nostalgia, in critical opposition to the world outside on the street. The individual authors and directors under consideration here in exploring these points include Joseph Roth, Vicki Baum, F. W. Murnau, Giuseppi Tomasi di Lampedusa and Friedrich Glauser, highlighting the importance of the theme straddling American and European cultures.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of 3-D representations of urban flood map in virtual environments for hazard communication purposes

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 06037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa De Santis ◽  
Francesco Macchione ◽  
Pierfranco Costabile ◽  
Carmelina Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Hazard Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The flood hazard/risk maps do not allow a non-expert audience an immediate perception of the flooding impacts. Therefore, we need to modernize maps providing new communication approaches. In this context, 3-D representations of flood inundation through emerging formats in virtual and augmented realities may be considered as a powerful tool to engage users with flood hazards. The challenge of the research is to create a virtual 3-D environment aimed at supporting the public, practitioners and decision-makers in interpreting and understanding the impact of simulated flood hazards. For this purpose, the paper aims to perform a comparative analysis of two techniques to carry out the 3-D realistic visualizations of a flood map for representing a potential flooding of the Crati River, in the old town of Cosenza (South of Italy). The first approach develops a simple and quick workflow that provides an overall look at a neighbourhood level, but reveals some limits in water level visualization at the individual buildings scale. The second one requires additional terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) acquisition and overcomes some limits of the first approach, by providing a visual insight about water level close to building façades.

scholarly journals The Canadian Migraine Forum

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. s1-s26
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT:The goal of the Canadian Migraine Forum was to work towards improving the lives of Canadians with migraine by reducing their migraine-related disability. This paper reviews the epidemiology and diagnosis of migraine, and the effects of migraine on health related quality of life. Many patients with migraine do not consult a physician for their headaches, and when they do they often do not receive a correct diagnosis. The discussion at the Forum concluded that better education, both for physicians and the public, on issues relating to migraine was a necessary step in improving migraine diagnosis. The degree of disability caused by migraine is often not recognized by society, and can be substantial for individuals with migraine. Once again, education of the public and of the health professionals who see these patients is key, so that the best migraine management can be instituted to minimize the impact of migraine on the individual, the family, and society at large.

scholarly journals Acceptance of cloud computing in the Malaysian public sector: A proposed model

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 184797901988070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Talmizie Amron ◽  
Roslina Ibrahim ◽  
Nur Azaliah Abu Bakar ◽  
Suriayati Chuprat
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Technological Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Government Project ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The Malaysian government has initiated a cloud government project as an integration of cloud computing and unified communication-based applications toward the digital and cloud work environment. However, the impact studies have found that the implementation of this project has several weaknesses such as lack of infrastructure support, weak IT knowledge, and lack of awareness among public sector employees causing applications not to be fully utilized. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a study to measure the acceptance of government cloud project because there has been much investment in the project. This study applied Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and several factors to develop the research model which is divided into two main factors: technological and human. The technological factor might determine the likelihood of its acceptance by the public sector and might stimulate them to accept it. The human factor as the characteristics of the people in the public sector that may contribute to creating the need for and ability to accept cloud computing. This proposed model will be used to evaluate the individual acceptance of cloud computing in the Malaysian public sector. For future work, this model needs to be enriched with interview sessions and quantitative surveys to validate the findings.

scholarly journals DIREITO À SAÚDE E PODER JUDICIÁRIO: decisões no âmbito do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Maranhão

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Karolyne Araújo de Sousa ◽  
Laurena Silva Pinto ◽  
Mônica Teresa Costa Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Right To Health ◽  
The State ◽  
Health State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
Treatment Medication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Reasons For Decisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

O trabalho tem por objetivo principal analisar decisões judiciais do TJMA considerando demandas individuais relacionadas à efetivação e garantia do direito à saúde, a partir da oferta de tratamento médico/ medicamento específico por parte do Estado. Analisa-se a fundamentação das decisões e atuação do Poder Judiciário ante a defesa justificada como "reserva do possível" por parte do ente público. Com base na teoria da reserva do possível, o Estado defende-se alegando ser impossível a prestação de serviços específicos considerando ou a generalidade da política pública de saúde ou questões financeiras. Por sua vez, o Judiciário se manifesta ora considerando a pretensão individual (posicionamento mais comum) ora afastando essa possibilidade. Tomando por base decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal, determinaram-se padrões mínimos para que as decisões sejam capazes de atender as demandas específicas sem que haja comprometimento da atividade generalizada por parte do Estado. A escolha das decisões foi realizada por meio de pesquisa junto ao sítio oficial do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Maranhão considerando os termos "saúde - Estado - reserva do possível". As decisões analisadas referem-se aos últimos cinco anos. Já as decisões de tribunais superiores foram analisadas tomando-se como base os mesmos termos de procura bem como a repercussão da decisão STA 175, de 2009, cujo relator foi o Min. Gilmar Mendes.Palavras-chave: Direito à saúde. Reserva do possível. Poder Judiciário. Estado.HEALTH LAW AND JUDICIARY: decisions in the Court of Maranhão StateAbstract: The study aims to at analyzing the judgments TJMA considering individual claims related to the execution and guaranteeing the right to health, from the offer of medical treatment / medication specific for the state. Analyze the reasons for decisions and actions of the judiciary before the defense justified as "possible reserves" by the public entity. Based on the theory of reserve for the state defends itself saying it is impossible to provide specific services or considering the general public health policy or financial matters. In turn, the judiciary is manifested sometimes claim considering the individual (most common position) now that possibility away. Based on the decision of the Supreme Court, it was determined minimum standards for decisions to be able to meet the specific demands without compromising the widespread activity by the state. The choice of the decisions was conducted through survey to the official Court of the State of Maranhão considering the terms "health - state - reserve the possible." The decisions analyzed refer to the last five years. Since the decisions of higher courts were analyzed taking as base the same search terms as  well as the impact of the decision STA 175, 2009, which was the rapporteur Justice Gilmar Mendes.Keywords: Right to health. Possible Reservation. The Judiciary Power. State.EL PODER JUDICIAL Y EL DERECHO A LA SALUD: decisiones en la esfera del Tribunal de Justicia del estado de MaranhãoResumen: El trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar decisiones en juicios del TJMA considerando reclamaciones individuales relacionadas con la ejecución y garantía del derecho a la salud, a partir de la oferta de tratamientomédico / medicamento específico por el estado. Analizar las razones de las decisiones y acciones del poder judicial ante defensas justificadas como "reservas posibles" por la entidad pública. Sobre la base de la teoría de la reserva posible, el Estado se defiende diciendo que es imposible proporcionar servicios específicos, considerando la política general de salud pública o los asuntos financieros. Por su parte, el Poder Judicial se manifiesta a veces considerando la posición individual (posición más común) y otras veces desconsiderándola. Sobre la base de la decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, se definieron las normas mínimas para que las decisiones sean capaces de satisfacer las demandas específicas sin comprometer la actividad generalizada por el estado. La elección de las decisiones se llevó a cabo mediante una encuesta oficial a la Corte del Estado de Maranhão, teniendo en cuenta los términos "salud - estado -. Reserva de lo posible" Las decisiones analizadas se refieren a los últimos cinco años. Por otro lado, las decisiones de los tribunales superiores fueron analizadas tomando como base los mismos términos de búsqueda, así como el impacto de la decisión STA 175 de 2009, relatada por el Ministro de la Justicia Gilmar Mendes.Palabras clave: Derecho a la salud. Reserva posible. Poder Judicial. Estado.

scholarly journals How Many Children? A Comparison of the Influence of Individual and Country-Level Predictors on Female Childbearing Behavior in 25 OECD Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
MANDY BOEHNKE ◽  
MICHAEL FELDHAUS
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
World Value Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Utilizing a multi-level analytic approach (HLM), the present study analyzes reasons for variations in the number of children among 4069 25- to 34-year old women in 25 OECD countries, surveyed in the World Value Survey (WVS). Educational attainment, household income, age, and pro-child attitudes were included as individual-level predictors, whereas on the country-level, individualism and masculinity (as conceptualized by Hofstede), the Human Development Index (HDI), marriages rates, female employment rates, and early childcareenrolment rates were used as predictors. On the individual level, pro-child attitudes and age covaried positively with number of children, educational attainment did so negatively, whereas household incomewas unrelated. Beyond the overall finding that more highly educated women have fewer children, analyses revealed that the impact of education on fertility varies significantly between countries. Of the macro-level indicators, HDI had the strongest impact in that women in countries higher on HDI have fewer children. Country-specific individualism predicted individual number of children positively after partialing for HDI. This result was, however, not sustained, once female employment rates were included in the prediction model: Against age-old folklore convictions, 25- to 34-year-old woman in countries with a high female employment rate have more not fewer children.

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