Substance Use and Trauma Among Adult Education Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 074171362110694
Author(s):  
Brittany Miller-Roenigk ◽  
Michael Awad ◽  
Maria C. Crouch ◽  
Derrick M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Equivalency ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping

Adult basic education (ABE) programs in the United States serve millions of students annually to help them achieve high school equivalency, English proficiency, and other skills. These skills are necessary for upward mobility and competitiveness in the labor market, which is important for ABE students who are disproportionately affected by racial/ethnic disparities and poverty. Among learners who are not in ABE programs, substance use and trauma affect student outcomes. Similar research is limited among ABE students. Understanding the influence of these factors among ABE students can better inform interventions. The current study, grounded in Stress and Coping Theory, examined rates, risk factors, and gender differences for substance use and trauma among 286 ABE students. Results indicated that trauma is prevalent and associated with substance use, substance use suggests a need for brief counseling, and there were gender differences in substance use behaviors. Recommendations for interventions among ABE programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Racial and Gender Differences in Extramarital Sex in the United States in the Last Three Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-18
Author(s):  
Yanyi K. Djamba ◽  
Sitawa R. Kimuna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Marital Infidelity ◽  
And Gender

Marital infidelity is a serious problem because it can lead to separation and even divorce. Yet, little is known about racial and gender differences in levels of extramarital sex in the United States in the last three decades (1991 to 2018). This study represents the first analysis of the racial and gender differences in levels and determinants of extramarital sex in the United States. We use data from all the 15 waves of the General Social Survey in which respondents were asked if they have ever had sex with someone other than their husband or wife when they were married. Descriptive and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the levels and determinants of racial and gender differences in extramarital sex in the last three decades. There are small changes in percent of extramarital sex between 1991 (14.63 percent) and 2018 (16.48 percent). However, despite some fluctuations observed across the 15 General Social Survey waves, the prevalence of extramarital sex has remained significantly higher for blacks compared to whites, and higher also for men than women. The results show the importance of race and gender in explaining extramarital sexual behavior in the United States. We discuss these findings in relation to previous studies and suggest directions for future research.

National and Gender Differences in Adolescents' War Attitudes

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Covell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Powerful Effect ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Attitudes Toward War ◽  
And Gender

Attitudes toward warfare were compared between samples of Canadian and US adolescents. Political attitudes in general have been attributed variously to influences of sociopolitical context, nationhood, media, and gender. Adolescents' responses to open-ended questions, and statements presented with a Likert-type rating scale suggested that whereas gender and sociopolitical context, for example contemporary attitudes toward political leaders, do influence attitudes toward war, there is a powerful effect of nationhood. The interventionist approaches of the United States and the peacekeeping emphasis of Canada are reflected in the attitudes of their youth.

scholarly journals Examination of Cultural and Gender Similarities and Differences among Canadian and U.S. College Students on a Measure of Manifest Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

A measurement invariance study was conducted among 1,344 college students from Canada and the United States on an anxiety measure specifically designed for the college student population to determine whether the construct of anxiety was equivalent across country (Canada, United States) and gender. In addition, country and gender differences were examined on the anxiety measure. The Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale-College Version (AMAS-C) was administered to the college students online. The AMAS-C consists of four anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Social Concerns/Stress, Test Anxiety, and Worry/Oversensitivity) subscales, a Total Anxiety scale, and a Lie scale. Results of tests of measurement invariance found the construct of anxiety equivalent across country and gender and latent mean analyses found gender differences, but no country differences, on the AMAS-C anxiety factors. Implications of the findings for mental health professionals, educational practitioners, and current and future researchers who work with or who will work with the undergraduate student population in Canada are discussed.

scholarly journals Substance Use and Misuse among Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States, 2015–2019: Prevalence, Association, and Moderation

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. M. Alanazi ◽  
Mohammed M. Alqahtani ◽  
Maher M. Alquaimi ◽  
Tareq F. Alotaibi ◽  
Saleh S. Algarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serious Psychological Distress ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
And Gender

Background: Despite the advancements in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treatment, complications related to COPD exacerbation remain challenging. One associated factor is substance use/misuse among adults with COPD. Fewer studies, however, examined the prevalence and association between COPD and substance use and misuse. In addition, limited knowledge existed about the moderation effects of serious psychological distress and gender among adults with COPD and substance use/misuse. We aimed, therefore, to measure such prevalence, association, and moderation from nationally representative samples in the United States. Method: Data were drawn from the 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Weighted logistic regressions were used to measure the associations of last-month tobacco (cigarettes, cigars, pipe, and smokeless tobacco products), other licit and illicit substance use (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, hallucinogens, and inhalants), and substance misuse (pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives) among adults with COPD. Serious psychological distress and gender were tested as moderators in the association between COPD and substance use/misuse. Results: The findings revealed that adults with COPD [Weighted N = 53,115,718) revealed greater odds of cigarettes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.48 (95%CI = 1.80–3.42)) and smokeless tobacco (aOR = 3.65 (95%CI = 1.75–7.65)). However, they were less likely to use alcohol (aOR = 0.61 (95%CI = 0.45–0.84)). Adults with COPD who had serious psychological distress were more likely to use pipe tobacco and alcohol; however, they were less likely to use hallucinogens and inhalants. Finally, males compared to females with COPD were less likely to use smokeless tobacco. Conclusion: Adults with COPD in the United States were more likely to use tobacco products and less likely to use alcohol. In addition, serious psychological distress and gender were moderators in associations between COPD and substance use but not in substance misuse. Future studies should longitudinally assess the factors that may contribute to the initiation and progression of substance use and misuse among adults with COPD.

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