scholarly journals Examination of Cultural and Gender Similarities and Differences among Canadian and U.S. College Students on a Measure of Manifest Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
The United States ◽  
Student Population ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Manifest Anxiety

A measurement invariance study was conducted among 1,344 college students from Canada and the United States on an anxiety measure specifically designed for the college student population to determine whether the construct of anxiety was equivalent across country (Canada, United States) and gender. In addition, country and gender differences were examined on the anxiety measure. The Adult Manifest Anxiety Scale-College Version (AMAS-C) was administered to the college students online. The AMAS-C consists of four anxiety (Physiological Anxiety, Social Concerns/Stress, Test Anxiety, and Worry/Oversensitivity) subscales, a Total Anxiety scale, and a Lie scale. Results of tests of measurement invariance found the construct of anxiety equivalent across country and gender and latent mean analyses found gender differences, but no country differences, on the AMAS-C anxiety factors. Implications of the findings for mental health professionals, educational practitioners, and current and future researchers who work with or who will work with the undergraduate student population in Canada are discussed.

Culture, Gender, and Assessment of Fear of Fatness

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Ambwani ◽  
Cortney S. Warren ◽  
David H. Gleaves ◽  
Antonio Cepeda-Benito ◽  
Mari Carmen Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Measurement Equivalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
American Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Fear Of Fat

To understand the relevance of the fear of fatness construct across culture and gender, we translated the Goldfarb Fear of Fat Scale (GFFS) and examined its psychometric properties in English and Spanish languages in a sample of Euro-American male (n = 111) and female (n = 100), and Spanish male (n = 114) and female (n = 544) college students in the United States and Spain. Confirmatory and exploratory analyses tested the measurement equivalence of the instrument across samples by gender and culture. Eight of the 10 items appeared to demonstrate measurement invariance. Mean comparisons on the eight-item version suggested that there was a gender by country interaction, with Euro-American women scoring substantially higher than the three other groups. Overall, these results highlight the need for additional examinations of cross-cultural instrument invariance and explorations of the fear of fatness construct.

Death Anxiety Scale Means and Standard Deviations for Ontario Undergraduates and Funeral Directors

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette H. Schell ◽  
J. Terence Zinger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Community College ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Funeral Directors ◽  
Funeral Service ◽  
The Stability

Templer's Death Anxiety Scale is a 15-item true-false inventory designed to assess death anxiety in individuals. This procedure, developed and tested in the United States, has here been applied to a Canadian sample of 340 respondents: 42 community college computer science students, 93 university students, 56 community college funeral service students, and 149 licensed funeral service directors in Ontario. In doing so, the stability of previous USA findings and the reliability and generalizability of the instrument have also been investigated. The instrument was distributed to all respondents by mail. A major finding was that funeral directors appear to have lower death anxiety than college students. Implications of this research along educational lines are discussed.

Substance Use and Trauma Among Adult Education Students in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 074171362110694
Author(s):  
Brittany Miller-Roenigk ◽  
Michael Awad ◽  
Maria C. Crouch ◽  
Derrick M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
High School Equivalency ◽  
Coping Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Coping

Adult basic education (ABE) programs in the United States serve millions of students annually to help them achieve high school equivalency, English proficiency, and other skills. These skills are necessary for upward mobility and competitiveness in the labor market, which is important for ABE students who are disproportionately affected by racial/ethnic disparities and poverty. Among learners who are not in ABE programs, substance use and trauma affect student outcomes. Similar research is limited among ABE students. Understanding the influence of these factors among ABE students can better inform interventions. The current study, grounded in Stress and Coping Theory, examined rates, risk factors, and gender differences for substance use and trauma among 286 ABE students. Results indicated that trauma is prevalent and associated with substance use, substance use suggests a need for brief counseling, and there were gender differences in substance use behaviors. Recommendations for interventions among ABE programs are discussed.

Career plans and gender-role attitudes of college students in the United States, Japan, and Slovenia

Sex Roles ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 317-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuko Morinaga ◽  
Irene Hanson Frieze ◽  
Anuska Ferligoj
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Career Plans ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Racial and Gender Differences in Extramarital Sex in the United States in the Last Three Decades

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 06-18
Author(s):  
Yanyi K. Djamba ◽  
Sitawa R. Kimuna
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Extramarital Sex ◽  
Marital Infidelity ◽  
And Gender

Marital infidelity is a serious problem because it can lead to separation and even divorce. Yet, little is known about racial and gender differences in levels of extramarital sex in the United States in the last three decades (1991 to 2018). This study represents the first analysis of the racial and gender differences in levels and determinants of extramarital sex in the United States. We use data from all the 15 waves of the General Social Survey in which respondents were asked if they have ever had sex with someone other than their husband or wife when they were married. Descriptive and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the levels and determinants of racial and gender differences in extramarital sex in the last three decades. There are small changes in percent of extramarital sex between 1991 (14.63 percent) and 2018 (16.48 percent). However, despite some fluctuations observed across the 15 General Social Survey waves, the prevalence of extramarital sex has remained significantly higher for blacks compared to whites, and higher also for men than women. The results show the importance of race and gender in explaining extramarital sexual behavior in the United States. We discuss these findings in relation to previous studies and suggest directions for future research.

National and Gender Differences in Adolescents' War Attitudes

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Covell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Political Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Powerful Effect ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Attitudes Toward War ◽  
And Gender

Attitudes toward warfare were compared between samples of Canadian and US adolescents. Political attitudes in general have been attributed variously to influences of sociopolitical context, nationhood, media, and gender. Adolescents' responses to open-ended questions, and statements presented with a Likert-type rating scale suggested that whereas gender and sociopolitical context, for example contemporary attitudes toward political leaders, do influence attitudes toward war, there is a powerful effect of nationhood. The interventionist approaches of the United States and the peacekeeping emphasis of Canada are reflected in the attitudes of their youth.

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