“No Way! Like Only Hispanics are Illegal”: Examining the Racialized Psychosocial Development of Migrant “Illegality” Across Immigrant Groups in the United States

2022 ◽  
pp. 074355842110641
Author(s):  
Basia Daria Ellis ◽  
Carly Offidani-Bertrand ◽  
Maria Joy Ferrera
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Asian And Pacific Islander ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Depth Interviews

Building on recent studies of “racialized illegality,” this paper examines the psychosocial development of migrant “illegality” in a sample of ethnically and racially diverse immigrant young people. In-depth interviews and fieldnotes were collected in Chicago with White, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Latina/o immigrants ( N = 43; 14–33 years of age; 15 male, 28 female) who were undocumented and/or grew up in families with at least one undocumented parent, and who were asked to reflect on these experiences. Drawing upon the cycles of deportability framework, we theorize the psychosocial development of migrant “illegality” as a dynamic process driven by repeated, cyclical experiences with status-related stressors that regularly prompt acute fears as well as carry long-term psychosocial effects. Examining these cycles within our respondents’ reflections, we find discernible differences in both the types of status-related stressors and contexts of support experienced by Latina/o and non-Latina/o respondents, pointing to different cycles of deportability that vary along racial-ethnic lines. We maintain that these findings reflect the racialized context of migrant “illegality” in the United States, which targets primarily Latina/o migrants, as well as points to the need for increased supports for undocumented immigrants in non-Latina/o immigrant communities.

scholarly journals Imagining Her Future: Diversity in Mothers’ Socialization Goals for Their Adolescent Daughters

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ramirez ◽  
Linda Oshin ◽  
Stephanie Milan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Socialization Goals ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Q Sort

According to developmental niche theory, members of different cultural and ethnic groups often have distinct ideas about what children need to become well-adapted adults. These beliefs are reflected in parents’ long-term socialization goals for their children. In this study, we test whether specific themes that have been deemed important in literature on diverse families in the United States (e.g., Strong Black Woman [SBW], marianismo, familismo) are evident in mothers’ long-term socialization goals. Participants included 192 mothers of teenage daughters from a low-income city in the United States (58% Latina, 22% African American, and 20% European American [EA]/White). Socialization goals were assessed through a q-sort task on important traits for a woman to possess and content analysis of open-ended responses about what values mothers hoped they would transmit to their daughters as they become adults. Results from ANCOVAs and logistic regression indicate significant racial/ethnic differences on both tasks consistent with hypotheses. On the q-sort task, African American mothers put more importance on women possessing traits such as independence than mothers from other racial/ethnic groups. Similarly, they were more likely to emphasize self-confidence and strength in what they hoped to transmit to their daughters. Contrary to expectation, Latina mothers did not emphasize social traits on the q-sort; however, in open-ended responses, they were more likely to focus on the importance of motherhood, one aspect of marianismo and familismo. Overall, results suggest that these mothers’ long-term socialization goals incorporate culturally relevant values considered important for African American and Latino families.

scholarly journals BITES study: A qualitative analysis among emergency medicine physicians on snake envenomation management practices

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262215
Author(s):  
Anna Tupetz ◽  
Loren K. Barcenas ◽  
Ashley J. Phillips ◽  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci ◽  
Charles J. Gerardo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Introduction Antivenom is currently considered standard treatment across the full spectrum of severity for snake envenomation in the United States. Although safe and effective antivenoms exist, their use in clinical practice is not universal. Objective This study explored physicians’ perceptions of antivenom use and experience with snake envenomation treatment in order to identify factors that influence treatment decisions and willingness to administer. Methods We conducted a qualitative study including in-depth interviews via online video conferencing with physicians practicing in emergency departments across the United States. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling methods. Data analysis followed inductive strategies, conducted by two researchers. The codebook and findings were discussed within the research team. Findings Sixteen in-depth interviews with physicians from nine states across the US were conducted. The participants’ specialties include emergency medicine (EM), pediatric EM, and toxicology. The experience of treating snakebites ranged from only didactic education to having treated over 100 cases. Emergent themes for this manuscript from the interview data included perceptions of antivenom, willingness to administer antivenom and influencing factors to antivenom usage. Overall, cost-related concerns were a major barrier to antivenom administration, especially in cases where the indications and effectiveness did not clearly outweigh the potential financial burden on the patient in non-life- or limb-threatening cases. The potential to decrease recovery time and long-term functional impairments was not commonly reported by participants as an indication for antivenom. In addition, level of exposure and perceived competence, based on prior education and clinical experience, further impacted the decision to treat. Resources such as Poison Center Call lines were well received and commonly used to guide the treatment plan. The need for better clinical guidelines and updated treatment algorithms with clinical and measurable indicators was stated to help the decision-making process, especially among those with low exposure to snake envenomation patients. Conclusions A major barrier to physician use of antivenom is a concern about cost, cost transparency and cost–benefit for the patients. Those concerns, in addition to the varying degrees of awareness of potential long-term benefits, further influence inconsistent clinical treatment practices.

BITES study: A qualitative analysis among emergency medicine physicians on Snake Envenomation Management practices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Snake Envenomation ◽  
Depth Interviews

Introduction: Antivenom is currently considered standard treatment across the full spectrum of severity for snake envenomation in the United States. Although safe and effective antivenoms exist, their use in clinical practice is not universal.Objective: This study explored physicians’ perceptions of antivenom use and experience with snake envenomation treatment in order to identify factors that influence treatment decisions and willingness to administer.Methods: We conducted a qualitative study based on a grounded theory framework including in-depth interviews via online video conferencing with physicians practicing in emergency departments across the United States. Participants were selected based on purposive sampling methods. Data analysis followed a combination of inductive and deductive strategies, conducted by two researchers. The codebook and findings were discussed within the research team. Findings: Sixteen in-depth interviews with physicians from nine states across the US were conducted. The participants’ specialties include emergency medicine (EM), pediatric EM, and toxicology. The experience of treating snakebites ranged from only didactic education to having treated over 100 cases. Emergent themes for this manuscript from the interview data included perceptions of antivenom, willingness to administer antivenom and influencing factors to antivenom usage. Overall, cost-related concerns were a major barrier to antivenom administration, especially in cases where the indications and effectiveness did not clearly outweigh the potential financial burden on the patient in non-life- or limb-threatening cases. The potential to decrease recovery time and long-term functional impairments was not commonly reported by participants as an indication for antivenom. In addition, level of exposure and perceived competence, based on prior education and clinical experience, further impacted the decision to treat. Resources such as Poison Center Call lines were well received and commonly used to guide the treatment plan. The need for better clinical guidelines and updated treatment algorithms with clinical and measurable indicators was stated to help the decision-making process, especially among those with low exposure to snake envenomation patients.Conclusions: A major barrier to physician use of antivenom is a concern about cost, cost transparency and cost–benefit for the patients. Those concerns, in addition to the varying degrees of awareness of potential long-term benefits, further influence inconsistent clinical treatment practices.

Trends in Mortality From Parkinson Disease in the United States, 1999–2019

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012826
Author(s):  
Shuang Rong ◽  
Guifeng Xu ◽  
Buyun Liu ◽  
Yangbo Sun ◽  
Linda G Snetselaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Background and Objectives:The mortality from Parkinson's disease (PD) and its long-term trends in the United States remains unknow. This study aimed to describe the trends in PD mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2019.Methods:We used data from the National Vital Statistics System, a nationwide, population-based, death registry, to determine national trends in PD mortality, in overall and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, urban-rural classification and geographic location. Analyses focused on the data from 479,059 deaths due to PD from 1999 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was performed to examine temporal trends in age-standardized death rates.Results:The age-adjusted mortality from PD increased from 5.4 (95% CI, 5.3-5.5) per 100,000 population in 1999 to 8.8 (95% CI, 8.7-8.9) per 100,000 population in 2019, with an average annual percent change of 2.4% (95% CI, 1.8%-3.0%). From 1999 to 2019, PD mortality increased significantly across all age groups, both sexes, various racial/ethnic groups and different urban-rural classifications. The US states and District of Columbia with reported death rates experienced an increase in PD mortality. Significant differences by sex and race/ethnicity were noted. Age-adjusted PD mortality rates were twice as high in men as in women, and were greater in Whites than other racial/ethnic groups.Discussion:From 1999 to 2019, the mortality from PD in the United States has increased significantly. The increase was regardless of age, sex, race/ethnicity, urban-rural classification and geographic location. A comprehensive evaluation of long-term trends in PD mortality is important for health care priority setting.

CONTENTIOUS EFFERVESCENCE: THE SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF RIOTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Benjamin S. Case
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
Emotional Effects ◽  
Depth Interviews

How do violent protests affect social movement participants? Riots are common in civilian movements, but the effects of protester violence remain under-researched, in part due to an association of civilian protest with nonviolent methods and an association of violent protest with irrational chaos. Specifically, few studies have examined the experiences of rioters themselves. I use theoretical analysis and qualitative in-depth interviews with activists from the United States and South Africa to explore the subjective impact that moments of violent protest have on participants. Activist accounts indicate that many experience what I call “contentious effervescence,” a heightened state and sense of political empowerment amidst low-level violent actions, with long-term effects that raise consciousness and deepen and sustain activists’ resolve. I argue that examining the experiential and emotional effects of riots enhances our ability to understand contentious politics from below.

Speech-Language Pathology in the Peace Corps: Necessity and Sustainability

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Special Education ◽  
Peace Corps ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Language Pathology

In countries other than the United States, the study and practice of speech-language pathology is little known or nonexistent. Recognition of professionals in the field is minimal. Speech-language pathologists in countries where speech-language pathology is a widely recognized and respected profession often seek to share their expertise in places where little support is available for individuals with communication disorders. The Peace Corps offers a unique, long-term volunteer opportunity to people with a variety of backgrounds, including speech-language pathologists. Though Peace Corps programs do not specifically focus on speech-language pathology, many are easily adapted to the profession because they support populations of people with disabilities. This article describes how the needs of local children with communication disorders are readily addressed by a Special Education Peace Corps volunteer.

1488-P: Closing the Racial/Ethnic Disparity Gap in Kidney Failure from Diabetes in the United States, 2000-2016

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1488-P
Author(s):  
NILKA RIOS BURROWS ◽  
YAN ZHANG ◽  
ISRAEL A. HORA ◽  
MEDA E. PAVKOV ◽  
GIUSEPPINA IMPERATORE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Disparity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Mafias on the Move

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Varese
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
The United States ◽  
The West ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
At Will

Organized crime is spreading like a global virus as mobs take advantage of open borders to establish local franchises at will. That at least is the fear, inspired by stories of Russian mobsters in New York, Chinese triads in London, and Italian mafias throughout the West. As this book explains, the truth is more complicated. The author has spent years researching mafia groups in Italy, Russia, the United States, and China, and argues that mafiosi often find themselves abroad against their will, rather than through a strategic plan to colonize new territories. Once there, they do not always succeed in establishing themselves. The book spells out the conditions that lead to their long-term success, namely sudden market expansion that is neither exploited by local rivals nor blocked by authorities. Ultimately the inability of the state to govern economic transformations gives mafias their opportunity. In a series of matched comparisons, the book charts the attempts of the Calabrese 'Ndrangheta to move to the north of Italy, and shows how the Sicilian mafia expanded to early twentieth-century New York, but failed around the same time to find a niche in Argentina. The book explains why the Russian mafia failed to penetrate Rome but succeeded in Hungary. A pioneering chapter on China examines the challenges that triads from Taiwan and Hong Kong find in branching out to the mainland. This book is both a compelling read and a sober assessment of the risks posed by globalization and immigration for the spread of mafias.

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