Cognitive Distortions Among Sexual Offenders Against Women in Japan

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (16) ◽  
pp. 3372-3391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Hazama ◽  
Satoshi Katsuta
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Japanese Male

Research in Western countries has indicated that the cognitive distortions of sexual offenders play an etiological and maintenance role in offending. The present study examines whether the cognitive distortions hypothesized by previous Western studies can be found in Japanese sexual offenders against women. This study used the questionnaire administered by probation officers in the special cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for sexual offenders, which have been implemented since 2006 in Japan. Participants in the offender group were 80 Japanese male probationers and parolees (more than 19 years old, M age = 34.6, SD = 8.8) convicted of rape ( n = 39) or indecent assault ( n = 41). All of them attended special treatment programs at probation offices. The non-offender comparison group consisted of 95 Japanese male probation officers and police officers ( M age = 35.5, SD = 11.4). A factor analysis of the questionnaire responses extracted three factors: Blaming the Victim, Minimization, and Avoidance of Responsibility. The data analyses showed that sexual offenders scored significantly higher than non-offender participants on the three subscales. No significant differences were found among four sexual offender groups classified as rapists or indecent assaulters and with or without previous convictions for sexual offenses. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that rapists and indecent assaulters placed on probation or parole in Japan hold cognitive distortions concerning sexual assaults against women than the control group of probation and police officers. The findings of this study also suggest that cognitive distortions exhibited by sexual offenders against women transcend cultural divides.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy P. Kropf ◽  
Sherry M. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Distortions ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Term Care

Chapter 3, “Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Theory and Practice,” presents the history, examines the theoretical underpinnings, and explains the essential skills and techniques of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Theoretical principles, such as cognitive distortions, underlying assumptions and schema, and their presentation in older adults, are discussed. The treatment approach of CBT is outlined, including the nature of the therapeutic relationship, changing cognitions, behavioral strategies, the use of homework in treatment, and special considerations and adaptations for practice with older clients. Various contexts and settings where CBT is implemented are summarized, such as individual and group settings within community-based, acute-care, and long-term-care facilities. The chapter ends with the case example of cognitive behavioral treatment with an older female caregiver, which highlights and illustrates CBT practice with older adults.

A Comparison of Secular and Religious Versions of Cognitive Therapy with Depressed Christian College Students

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Richard Pecheur ◽  
Keith J. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Modification ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavior Modification ◽  
Treatment Of Depression

This study was designed to answer two related questions: (a) Could Beck's cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression be efficaciously employed in a religious population, and (b) would the efficacy of Beck's cognitive-behavioral treatment of depression be enhanced if it was integrated with the subjects’ religious beliefs? A multiple cutoff procedure was utilized in the selection of subjects for a secular cognitive behavior modification group, a religious cognitive behavior modification group, and a waiting list control group. The results indicated that the secular and the religious cognitive behavior modification groups were significantly more effective than the waiting list control group in alleviating depression. No significant differences were found between secular and the religious cognitive behavior modification groups. The reductions in depression were maintained at a one-month follow-up. The results relevant to Beck's cognitive-behavioral therapy of depression and to the treatment of religious patients are discussed.

Impulsive Youthful Offenders

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIP C. BOWMAN ◽  
STEPHEN M. AUERBACH
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Relaxation Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Youthful Offenders ◽  
And Behavior

The results of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program employing relaxation training, cognitive training in problem solving, self-statement modification, and behavior rehearsal techniques were compared to results for an attention-placebo control group in a test of the effectiveness of the treatment program in modifying impulsive behavior in adolescent youthful offenders. The program successfully modified overt antisocial behavior over a two-month follow-up period and treatment group subjects made fewer errors than the control group on the Matching Familiar Figures Test from pre-to posttesting. Other data obtained suggest that the program was effective in teaching subjects to reflect more and not respond precipitously, but did not influence abstract reasoning or generalized perception of the importance personal effort (versus chance) plays in everyday experience. The program is presented as a practical means of modifying some elements of impulsivity in a population that has traditionally been resistant to any interventions.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of CBTAC Protocol on Burdens of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregivers and their Sense of Coherence

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Reza Shabahang ◽  
Seyed Javad Emadi ◽  
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe ◽  
Abbas Ali Hossien Khanzadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is predicted to increase dramatically in the near future. Alzheimer’s caregiving brings about severe problems for caregivers. Considering the corrosive consequences of Alzheimer’s disease on Alzheimer’s caregivers, finding an effective intervention is necessary. Thus, the present research conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregiver’s protocol on burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and their sense of coherence (SOC). Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. The target population included all mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers referred to the neurology ward of the hospitals in Rasht during summer 2018. According to the medical records and results of screening, 40 mild Alzheimer’s disease, patients and their caregivers recruited by convenience sampling method. After sampling, research participants randomly assigned into two experimental (n= 20) and waitlist control (n=20) groups. The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregiver Questionnaire and SOC scale were used to measure the burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and caregivers’ SOC. The CBTAC provided for the experimental group participants in 25 sessions of 90-minutes. In the end, the data analyze has done by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and using SPSS24 software. Results: The findings indicated that the CBTAC had a significant effect on the burdens and SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers in the experimental group (P<0.01). In other words, the CBTAC decreases burdens and increase the SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the research results, the CBTAC is an effective intervention in decreasing caregiving burden and the increasing SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers. Therefore, CBTAC is a multicomponent intervention that can be used to improve the competency and mental health of Alzheimer’s caregivers.

Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment on Sex Offender Recidivism

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANICE K. MARQUES ◽  
DAVID M. DAY ◽  
CRAIG NELSON ◽  
MARY ANN WEST
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Sex Offender Recidivism ◽  
Violent Offenses

Preliminary results from a longitudinal study of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment with sex offenders are presented. The study's research design includes three groups: a treatment group, a volunteer control group (those who volunteered for but did not receive treatment), and a nonvolunteer control group (subjects who refused the opportunity for treatment). Although the treatment group had the lowest reoffense rates for both sex and other violent crimes, main effects analyses did not yield conclusive results regarding the program's effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of including appropriate comparison groups, managing attrition from both treatment and methodological standpoints, examining sex and other violent offenses separately as outcome variables, employing tests with adequate statistical power, and analyzing data while taking into account time at risk for reoffense.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing with Cognitive Behavioral Treatment on Behavior Changes in Heavy Drinkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1338
Author(s):  
Kyonghwa Kang ◽  
Sungjae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI) with cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) on behavioral changes of heavy drinkers. This study used embedded mixed methods that integrate sequential qualitative interviews with quantitative evaluation. Of a total of 47 participants, 24 belonged to an intervention group, which participated in the MI with CBT on behavioral changes once a week, 25–30 min on average, for 8 weeks. A total of 23 participants were assigned to a control group, which received a 7-page booklet containing information about alcohol. A t-test, generalized linear model, and qualitative analysis were used to evaluate the effects of MI with CBT. The interview data (n = 13) were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. There was a statistically significant change in participants’ beliefs concerning the immediate effects of drinking (F = 3.827, p = 0.025). Additionally, the intervention group had a significantly higher drinking refusal self-efficacy than the control group (F = 4.426, p = 0.015). Four themes emerged from the analysis of qualitative data: reduction of benefits of drinking, changes in thoughts about costs of drinking, changes in drinking behavior, and achieving self-efficacy. The MI with CBT significantly promoted awareness of problem-drinking behaviors among heavy drinkers and increased their self-efficacy, improving their ability to make positive behavioral changes for themselves. Since this intervention is simple and easy to apply, it will be useful for problem drinking-prevention strategies in the public health sector. Therefore, efforts to disseminate these strategies will be worthwhile from sustainable perspectives.

A Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Approach for Problem Gambling

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Sharpe ◽  
Nicholas Tarrier
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Number Of Treatment ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

The treatment literature on problem gambling is sparse and strongly influenced by a disease model adopted from the drug and alcohol literature. Many of the treatment programs that are described in the literature are centered on in-patient facilities and there is little in the way of guidelines for the clinician working in an out-patient setting. This paper describes a strategic treatment approach which emphasizes the importance of the client’s cognitions and beliefs in initiating and maintaining gambling behavior. It is recommended that assessment should also incorporate techniques from motivational interviewing (Miller, 1983). A number of treatment stages are suggested: stabilization, self-management, cue exposure, construction of alternative behavioral repertoires, improvement of self-esteem, and maintenance. A case study is described to demonstrate this strategic approach.

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