Socioeconomic Factors and Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence among Ever-Married Women in Uganda: Pathways and Actions for Multicomponent Violence Prevention Strategies

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Moses Okumu ◽  
Evalyne Orwenyo ◽  
Thabani Nyoni ◽  
Cecilia Mengo ◽  
Jordan J. Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Reference Category

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a severe public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with harmful effects on the physical, psychological, and socioeconomic wellbeing of survivors and their families. In SSA, IPV is associated with mental health disorders, high-risk behaviors, and HIV vulnerability, especially among women. In Uganda, poor socioeconomic status increases women’s vulnerability to IPV. Yet there is limited evidence on the association between socioeconomic factors and IPV severity in Uganda. Our study used population-based data to (a) establish different patterns describing the severity of IPV experiences, (b) explore associations between socioeconomic factors and severity of IPV experiences among Ugandan ever-married women, and (c) examine direct and indirect pathways from socioeconomic factors to severity of IPV experiences. Data were drawn from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey’s sample of 7,536 ever-married women aged 15–49 years. A latent class analysis examined distinct patterns of IPV severity among this sample, yielding a four-class solution: low violence ( n = 5,059; 67.1%); high physical violence, low sexual violence ( n = 1,501; 19.9%); high sexual violence, moderate physical violence ( n = 535; 7.1%); and high sexual and severe physical violence ( n = 441; 5.9%). Using the low violence group as the reference category, we conducted a multinomial logistic regression that found significant associations between secondary education (a OR 2.35, 95% CI: [1.06, 5.24]), poorest on the wealth index (a OR 2.00, 95% CI: [1.13, 3.54]), and severe IPV experiences. Decision-making (a OR 0.81, 95% CI: [0.68, 0.96]) played a protective role against membership in the high sexual and physical violence class compared to the reference category. Using path analysis, we found that labor force participation partially mediated the path from wealth index and education to IPV severity. Findings indicate the need for interventions that aim to keep girls in school and target schools, communities, and media platforms to address gender norms, economic vulnerability, and comprehensive screening for multiple forms of violence.

scholarly journals Exploring the experience of intimate partner violence in the LGBT community

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Papadakaki ◽  
F Zioti ◽  
Z N Karadimitriou ◽  
M Papadopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Childhood Victimization ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Lgbt Community ◽  
Forms Of Violence

Abstract Background The study aimed at measuring the prevalence and identifying the risk factors of intimate partner violence in individuals from the LGBT community. Methods A total of 180 individuals participated in the study, both male and female, aged 18-60 years, living in the broader area of Athens, Greece. Snowball sampling was applied to identify eligible individuals and social media were employed to recruit them. The questionnaire explored the violence victimization and perpetration in their relationships, the preferred reaction to various forms of violence and the role of childhood victimization in adulthood experiences of violence. Results 72.8% were homosexual, 26.7% bisexual, 81.7 % were women with a mean age of 25.2 years (6.0 standard deviation). A total of 67.2% were subjected to verbal abuse before the age of 16, 49.4% to physical violence, 6.7% to sexual violence and 46.7% were neglected. The prevalence of violence victimization was higher than the prevalence of violence perpetration (mean 9.81 and 5.92 respectively). Psychological violence was the most common among other forms of violence, both in victimization (psychological 7.34, physical 1.66, sexual 0.81) and perpetration (psychological 4.48, physical 1.26, sexual 0.18). In hypothetical scenarios of psychological violence, the majority of participants preferred separation and discussion about boundaries as strategies to deal with the situation (56.1 and 45.0 respectively), in scenarios of physical violence they primarily preferred separation and secondarily asking a professional advice (73.3 and 20.6, respectively) and in sexual violence they primarily preferred a discussion about boundaries and secondarily separation (69.4% and 31.7% respectively). Experiences of childhood victimization (p=.006), and female gender (p=.002), were found to be associated at a statistically significant level with violent victimization in adulthood. Conclusions Further research is necessary to identify groups at risk of victimization. Key messages Preventive efforts need to take into account individual sociodemographic and attitudinal characteristics that increase the risk of victimization. Experiences of victimization during childhood are highly associated with victimization in adulthood.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and Its Association With HIV Testing Among Filipino Women: Results From the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veincent Christian F. Pepito ◽  
Arianna Maever L. Amit ◽  
Clinton S. Tang ◽  
J. Ringgo Montaus ◽  
Edward Joshua M. Nuguid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey

Abstract Background: The Philippines is one of the few countries in the world where incidence of both HIV and intimate partner violence (IPV) continue to rise. There is conflicting evidence on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) with HIV testing however, and such an analysis involving Filipino respondents has not been carried out before. Our paper thus aims to study the relationship between IPV and HIV testing. As a secondary objective, we aim to assess the effect of confiding their IPV experiences to other people on HIV testing. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey, only including participants on its domestic violence module. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to study the associations of interest. Results: Out of 17,968 respondents, around 16% of respondents reported experiencing any form of IPV, 13% reported experiencing emotional violence, 7% reported experiencing physical violence, and 3% reported experiencing sexual violence, with even a smaller percentage confiding their experience to other people. After adjusting for confounders, those who have experienced emotional violence have a higher odds of HIV testing as compared to those who have never experienced emotional violence. The odds of HIV testing are lower among those who have experienced any form of violence, physical violence, and sexual violence as compared to respondents who have not experienced any form of violence or these specific types of violence. More worryingly, the odds of HIV testing among victims of these types of IPV and have confided with other people are lower than those who have never been a victim of IPV or those who have not confided being a victim of IPV. None of the associations of interest have a statistically significant result. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a need to further improve access to HIV testing services among victims of IPV by making tests for HIV and other STIs part of the standard of care for IPV victims. By doing so, we can meet the ‘first 90’ of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets.

Help-Seeking Behaviors of Male Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110428
Author(s):  
Eric Y. Tenkorang ◽  
Mariama Zaami ◽  
Sitawa Kimuna ◽  
Adobea Y. Owusu ◽  
Emmanuel Rohn
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviors ◽  
Male Survivors ◽  
Seeking Help

Very few studies examine the help-seeking behaviors of male survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Kenya or sub-Saharan Africa more generally. Using nationally representative cross-sectional data from 1,458 male survivors and multinomial logit models, we examined what influences men’s decision to seek help after experiencing IPV. Results show the majority of male survivors did not seek help. Those who did so turned to informal rather than formal sources. The severity of physical violence was the most robust and consistent predictor of help-seeking. Male survivors of severe physical abuse had higher odds of seeking help from informal support networks than not seeking help. Compared to the uneducated, highly educated men were significantly more likely to seek help from formal support networks than to not seek help at all. Sensitization programs are required to educate male survivors of IPV on available sources of support. In particular, barriers to help-seeking must be removed to encourage male survivors to find support.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
Nandeeta Samad ◽  
Pranta Das ◽  
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah ◽  
Abdul-Aziz Seidu ◽  
James Boadu Frimpong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Nationally Representative

Intimate partner violence has been associated with numerous consequences for women, including pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between predictive capacity of intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination among women in Armenia. The study analyzed the 2015–16 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) data on women aged 15–49 (Mean: 31.49; Standard Deviation, SD: 9.51). Marital control exercised by husbands, ever experienced physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence by husbands were the four indicators of intimate partner violence used in this study. To assess the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. After controlling for confounders, we found that women whose husbands exercised marital control were 26% more likely to experience pregnancy termination, compared to women whose husbands did not exercise marital control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.53). Women who ever experienced sexual violence were about 10 times likely to experience pregnancy termination than women who did not experience sexual violence (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 1.91–49.96). Both ever experienced physical violence and emotional violence did not have any significant associations with pregnancy termination. Forms of intimate partner violence are associated with pregnancy termination. The findings of this study provide evidence for government and policymakers to formulate, modify, and implement policies and program that target both men and women regarding the prevailing intimate partner violence and its consequences. Strengthening the policy implementation will ensure that women are empowered to make decisions about their reproductive health. Making husbands and their family members aware of the basics and consequences of intimate partner violence and focusing on child cognitive development which can be hampered due to the prevalence violence in families are recommended.

scholarly journals INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG MARRIED WOMEN IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ayodeji John ◽  
Ajayi Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Wealth Status ◽  
Almost All

This study outlines intimate partner violence and contraceptive use among married women in South-South Nigeria. Attempt was made to investigate association between intimate partner violence and use of contraception among married women in south-south Nigeria. This study utilized secondary data. Secondary data were extracted from 2013, Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) dataset. Out of the 38,948 women interviewed, this study employed sample of the 4,932 women representing the number of married women in South-South Nigeria. The analysis were done in two stages of univariate and bivariate analysis. The result showed that almost all the married women use contraceptive which indicated that contraceptive use varies significantly by age of married women, education, place of resident, wealth status and occupation. The study concluded that married women who have ever experienced sexual violence are more likely to adopt contraception than married women whose experienced physical violence and emotional violence.

scholarly journals Previous experience of family violence and intimate partner violence in pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bernarda Ludermir ◽  
Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo ◽  
Sandra Alves Valongueiro ◽  
Maria Luísa Corrêa Muniz ◽  
Elisabete Pereira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Family Of Origin ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
The Family ◽  
Violence During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Sexual Violence as a Form of Abuse in Men’s Experiences of Female-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-595
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bates ◽  
Siobhan Weare
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Sex Role Stereotypes ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Controlling Behaviors

The issue of men’s sexual victimization in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV) where the perpetrator is female has received minimal attention. This article brings together and analyses data from two empirical studies conducted in the United Kingdom—one exploring men’s experiences of being forced-to-penetrate women and another investigating men’s experiences of female-perpetrated IPV. Analysis of the data found that men experienced sexual violence alongside a range of other abusive behaviors, but that there was a clear relationship between the sexual violence and physical violence/ force, and coercive and controlling behaviors that they experienced. These novel insights improve our understanding about men’s sexual and domestic violence victimization, as well as challenge gender and sex-role stereotypes around men and masculinity and the (im)possibility of them experiencing sexual and domestic abuse from a female partner.

Mapping of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From a National Population Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199795
Author(s):  
Muluken Dessalegn Muluneh ◽  
Lyn Francis ◽  
Kingsley Agho ◽  
Virginia Stulz
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Evidence on the relative importance of geographical distribution and associated factors with intimate partner violence (IPV) can inform regional and national health programs on women’s health. Four thousand seven hundred and twenty married women aged 15-49 years were interviewed in 2016 about IPV and this data was extracted from the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) in 2020. The sample was selected by a two-staged cluster survey of women. The analysis was conducted using logistic regression that adjusted for clustering and sampling weights. Moreover, weighted proportions of IPV were exported to ArcGIS to conduct autocorrelations to assess the clustering of IPV. Amongst the 4469 married women who were 15 to 49 years of age included in the analysis, 34% (95% CI, 31.4%-36.3%) experienced IPV, 23.5% ( 95% CI, 21.5%-25.7%) experienced physical violence, 10.1% (95% CI, 8.7%- 11.7 %) experienced sexual violence and 24% (95% CI, 21.7%-26.4 %) experienced emotional violence. Partners’ controlling behaviour [AOR: 3.94; 95% CI, 3.03- 5.12], partner’s alcohol consumption [AOR: 2.59; 95% CI, 1.80- 3.71], partner educational qualifications [AOR: 2.16; 95% CI, 1.26- 3.71], a woman birthing more than five children [AOR: 1.70; 95% CI, 1.12- 2.56] and a history of the woman’s father being physically violent towards her mother [AOR: 1.99; 95% CI, 1.52- 2.59] were associated with an increased risk of IPV amongst married women in Ethiopia. Western and Central Oromia, Western Amhara, Gambella and Central Tigray and Hararri were identified as hot spot areas in Ethiopia (p<0.001). In this study, there was a significant geographic clustering of IPV in Ethiopia. Controlling and drinking behaviour and partners’ unemployment status were identified as important factors for married women experiencing IPV. Hence, there is a need for a context- driven evidence-based design intervention to reduce the impact of IPV.

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