Human Milk Microbiome of Healthy Indian Mothers is Dominated by Genus Pseudomonas

2021 ◽  
pp. 089033442110484
Author(s):  
Sourabh Dutta ◽  
Bhabatosh Das ◽  
Tarini Shankar Ghosh ◽  
Shakti Kumar ◽  
Raj Kumari Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Indian Mothers ◽  
High Diversity

Background: The composition of the human milk microbiome is highly variable and multifactorial. Milk microbiota from various countries show striking differences. There is a paucity of data from healthy lactating Indian mothers. Research Aim: To describe the milk microbiota of healthy North Indian women, using a culture-independent, targeted metagenomic approach. Methods: We recruited exclusively breastfeeding mothers ( N = 22) who had vaginally delivered full-term singleton infants in a tertiary care hospital less than 1 week previously and had not recently consumed systemic antibiotics. Milk samples (5 ml) were collected aseptically, and microbial deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. Microbial composition and diversity were determined using a 454-pyrosequencing platform. Core genera were identified, and their relative abundances ranked. Heatmaps showing the variation of the ranked abundances and Shannon index were obtained using R. Results: Participants (all exclusively vegetarian) had a mean ( SD) age of 27.2 (3.4) years, postnatal age of 3.9 (1.6) days and gestation 38 (1.2) weeks. The dominant phylum was Proteobacterium (relative abundance 84%) and dominant genus Pseudomonas (relative abundance 61.78%). Eleven species of Pseudomonas were identified, all generally considered nonpathogenic. Based on abundance patterns of the core genera, the milk samples could be grouped: (a) dominated by Pseudomonas with low diversity; (b) less Pseudomonas and high diversity; and (c) dominated by Pseudomonas but high diversity. All neonates were healthy and gaining weight well at 1 month of age. Conclusions: Healthy, lactating, vegetarian, North Indian women who deliver at term gestation and have no recent exposure to antibiotics, have a unique milk microbiome dominated by Pseudomonas.

scholarly journals Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in South Indian Women—Challenges and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Cecily Mary Majella ◽  
Ganesan Gnanavelu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
South Indian

Abstract Introduction Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Actual incidence is not exactly known as routine screening by echocardiogram is not recommended for all pregnant women across various parts of the world. Aim We, in our study, report the incidence, clinical profile, and prognosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy among South Indian women in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods All pregnant ladies, referred for cardiac evaluation in the last month of pregnancy and 5 months postpartum, were included in this study. Transthoracic ehocardiography was used for the diagnosis of PPCM. The patients who were diagnosed with PPCM were followed-up clinically and echocardiographically for 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year. Results Among 5,475 of pregnant women who were screened with transthoracic echocardiogram, 14 patients were diagnosed with PPCM (0.26%). All 14 PPCM patients presented with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV. The incidence of PPCM was high in primigravida in our subgroup. The thrombus burden was high, constituting 42.86% in our subgroup and mortality occurred in three patients. Conclusion The incidence of PPCM was 0.25% in our subgroup, with high–thrombus burden. Hence, early diagnosis and proper anticoagulation is the need of the hour among appropriate patients along the heart failure management.

scholarly journals Maternal Diet and Infant Feeding Practices Are Associated with Variation in the Human Milk Microbiota at 3 Months Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with High Rates of Gestational Glucose Intolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski ◽  
Michelle R Asbury ◽  
James Butcher ◽  
Sylvia H Ley ◽  
Anthony J Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT Background Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria believed to play a role in breast health and inoculation of the infant's gastrointestinal tract. The role of maternal nutrition and infant feeding practices on the human milk microbiota remains poorly understood. Objective Our aim was to explore the associations between maternal diet (delivery to 3 mo postpartum), infant feeding practices, and the microbial composition and predicted function in milk from women with varied metabolic status. Methods This was an exploratory analysis of a previously completed prospective cohort study of women with varying degrees of gestational glucose intolerance (NCT01405547). Milk samples (n = 93 mothers) were collected at 3 mo postpartum. Maternal dietary information (validated food-frequency questionnaire) and infant feeding practices (human milk exclusivity, frequency of direct breastfeeding per day) were collected. V4-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was conducted to determine microbiota composition. Results Intake of polyunsaturated fat [β estimate (SE): 0.036 (0.018), P = 0.047] and fiber from grains [0.027 (0.013), P = 0.048] were positively associated with ɑ-diversity (Shannon index) of human milk. Overall microbial composition of human milk clustered based on human milk exclusivity (weighted UniFrac R2 = 0.034, P = 0.015; Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.007), frequency of direct breastfeeding per day (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.057, P = 0.026), and maternal fiber intake from grains (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.055, P = 0.040). Total fiber, fiber from grains, dietary fat, and infant feeding practices were also associated with a number of differentially abundant taxa. The overall composition of predicted microbial functions was associated with total fiber consumption (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.067, P = 0.036) and human milk exclusivity (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.013). Conclusions Maternal consumption of fiber and fat, as well as mother's infant feeding practices, are important determinants of the human milk microbiota. Understanding whether these microbial changes impact an infant's overall health and development requires future study.

scholarly journals Obese Adolescents With PCOS Have Altered Biodiversity and Relative Abundance in Gastrointestinal Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. e2134-e2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beza Jobira ◽  
Daniel N Frank ◽  
Laura Pyle ◽  
Lori J Silveira ◽  
Megan M Kelsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Α Diversity

Abstract Context Alterations in gut microbiota relate to the metabolic syndrome, but have not been examined in at-risk obese youth with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Objective Compare the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and associations with metabolic and hormonal measures between 2 groups of female adolescents with equal obesity with or without PCOS. Design Prospective, case-control cross-sectional study. Setting Tertiary-care center. Participants A total of 58 obese female adolescents (n = 37 with PCOS; 16.1 ± 0.3 years of age; body mass index [BMI] 98.5th percentile) and (n = 21 without PCOS; 14.5 ± 0.4 years of age; BMI 98.7th percentile). Outcomes Bacterial diversity, percent relative abundance (%RA), and correlations with hormonal and metabolic measures. Results Participants with PCOS had decreased α-diversity compared with the non-PCOS group (Shannon diversity P = 0.045 and evenness P = 0.0052). β-diversity, reflecting overall microbial composition, differed between groups (P < 0.001). PCOS had higher %RA of phyla Actinobacteria (P = 0.027), lower Bacteroidetes (P = 0.004), and similar Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. PCOS had lower %RA of families Bacteroidaceae (P < 0.001) and Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.024) and higher Streptococcaceae (P = 0.047). Lower bacterial α-diversity was strongly associated with higher testosterone concentrations. Several individual taxa correlated with testosterone and metabolic measures within PCOS and across the entire cohort. Receiver operative curve analysis showed 6 taxa for which the %RA related to PCOS status and lower Bacteroidaceae conferred a 4.4-fold likelihood ratio for PCOS. Conclusion Alterations in the gut microbiota exist in obese adolescents with PCOS versus obese adolescents without PCOS and these changes relate to markers of metabolic disease and testosterone. Further work is needed to determine if microbiota changes are reflective of, or influencing, hormonal metabolism.

scholarly journals Examining the relationship between maternal body size, gestational glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery and ethnicity on mother’s milk microbiota at three months post-partum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski ◽  
James Butcher ◽  
Sylvia H. Ley ◽  
Michelle R. Asbury ◽  
Anthony J. Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Status

Abstract Background: Few studies have examined how maternal body mass index (BMI), mode of delivery and ethnicity affect the microbial composition of human milk and none have examined associations with maternal metabolic status. Given the high prevalence of maternal adiposity and impaired glucose metabolism, and the importance of human milk in the colonization of the infant gut, we systematically investigated the associations between these maternal factors and milk microbial composition and functionality. Methods: Women ≥20 years were recruited during pregnancy and milk samples were collected at 3 months post-partum (NCT01405547). Demographic data, weight, height, and a 3-hour oral glucose tolerance test were conducted at 30 (95% CI: 25-33) weeks gestation. Metagenomic DNA extraction and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region (Illumina MiSeq) was carried out on 113 milk samples. Results: Multivariable linear regression analyses demonstrated no significant associations between maternal characteristics (maternal BMI [pre-pregnancy, 3 months post-partum], glucose tolerance, mode of delivery and ethnicity) and microbiota alpha-diversity; however, pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with human milk beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis p=0.040). Women with a pre-pregnancy BMI >30 kg/m2 (obese) had a greater incidence of Bacteroidetes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 3.70 [95% CI: 1.61-8.48]) and a reduced incidence of Proteobacteria (0.62 [0.43-0.90]), compared to overweight women (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m2) as assessed by multivariable Poisson regression. Increased incidence of Gemella was observed among overweight (versus healthy) mothers with gestational diabetes (5.96 [1.85-19.21]) and obese (versus healthy) mothers with impaired glucose tolerance (4.04 [1.63-10.01]). An increased incidence of Brevundimonas (16.70 [5.99-46.57]) was found in the milk of women who underwent an unscheduled C-section versus vaginal delivery. Lastly, functional gene inference demonstrated that obesity was associated with increased abundance of genes encoding for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in milk (coefficient=0.00028, p=0.0070). Conclusions: Mother’s milk has a diverse microbiota of which its diversity and differential abundance appear associated with maternal body size, glucose tolerance status, mode of delivery, and ethnicity. Further research is warranted to determine whether this variability in the milk microbiota impacts colonization of the infant gut.

Application of IAC Yokohama system for breast cytology – The experience at a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-242
Author(s):  
GVRN Krishna Kanth ◽  
Aka Sunitha ◽  
Sharath Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Triple Assessment ◽  
Important Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy

Breast malignancies are one of the commonest malignancies in Indian women. Increasing urbanization is attributed to raise of breast cancers and have surpassed cervix cancer in recent times and are now ranked top in some metros. FNA is used as an important diagnostic tool as a part of triple assessment. The application of the IAC Yokohama system in breast cytology improves the reporting and also allows the calculation of risk of malignancy (ROM). The main aim of the study is to; 1. Apply the IAC Yokohama system for the diagnostic; 2. assessment and subsequent categorization of FNA samples and correlate them with histopathology examination (HPE); 3. calculate ROM; 4. Calculate p-value.A total of 305 samples received were diagnosed and classified according to the IAC Yokohama system. The study was conducted over a period of 2 yrs retrospectively from June 2019 to May 2021. For the 305 FNA samples received, HPE correlation was made and statistical parameters, ROM , p-value were calculated.305 FNA samples were obtained and categorized according to the IAC Yokohama system. They were categorized and the percentage of incidence noted as 1. Insufficient - 6.89%, 2.Benign - 72.46%, 3.Atypical probably benign - 3.28%, 4. Suspicious - 3.28%, 5. Malignant - 14.09%. ROM was also calculated. The distribution of cases in percentage as per categories are: category 1 – 0%, category 2 - 2%, category 3 – 0%, category 4- , 42.86% category 5- 100%. For 305 FNA samples reported 95 cases received for HPE and subsequently cyto – histopathological correlation was made and statistical parameters were calculated. Compiled statistics showed sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 93.54%, NPV of 100%, PPV of 89.19% and diagnostic accuracy at 95.78%. The p-value for the present study is 0.0001 which is very significant.Application of the IAC Yokohama system of reporting breast cytopathology helps in better categorization of FNA samples and it improves the efficacy of cytopathologist. It gives better clarity to the clinicians in the management of the patient and can reduce unnecessary surgeries.

scholarly journals Mycobiota Composition of Robiola di Roccaverano Cheese along the Production Chain

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1859
Author(s):  
Federica Biolcati ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Maria Teresa Bottero ◽  
Alessandra Dalmasso
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
Natural Milk ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Piedmont Region

Robiola di Roccaverano is a Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) cheese from the Piedmont region of Italy. In this study, the mycobiota occurring during Robiola di Roccaverano production was elucidated. Samples of milk, Natural Milk Cultures (NMC), curd, 5- and 15-days ripened cheese were collected from one dairy plant and the mycobiota was analyzed by the metataxonomic approach. Milk samples showed a high diversity and Cladosporium, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Geotrichum candidum and Debaryomyces hansenii were found with higher relative abundance. This mycobiota remains quite stable in NMC and curd matrices although the relative abundance of K. marxianus and G. candidum yeasts increased significantly and shaped the fungal composition of 5- and 15-day ripened cheese.

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