scholarly journals Maternal Diet and Infant Feeding Practices Are Associated with Variation in the Human Milk Microbiota at 3 Months Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with High Rates of Gestational Glucose Intolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren LeMay-Nedjelski ◽  
Michelle R Asbury ◽  
James Butcher ◽  
Sylvia H Ley ◽  
Anthony J Hanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT Background Human milk contains a diverse community of bacteria believed to play a role in breast health and inoculation of the infant's gastrointestinal tract. The role of maternal nutrition and infant feeding practices on the human milk microbiota remains poorly understood. Objective Our aim was to explore the associations between maternal diet (delivery to 3 mo postpartum), infant feeding practices, and the microbial composition and predicted function in milk from women with varied metabolic status. Methods This was an exploratory analysis of a previously completed prospective cohort study of women with varying degrees of gestational glucose intolerance (NCT01405547). Milk samples (n = 93 mothers) were collected at 3 mo postpartum. Maternal dietary information (validated food-frequency questionnaire) and infant feeding practices (human milk exclusivity, frequency of direct breastfeeding per day) were collected. V4-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq) was conducted to determine microbiota composition. Results Intake of polyunsaturated fat [β estimate (SE): 0.036 (0.018), P = 0.047] and fiber from grains [0.027 (0.013), P = 0.048] were positively associated with ɑ-diversity (Shannon index) of human milk. Overall microbial composition of human milk clustered based on human milk exclusivity (weighted UniFrac R2 = 0.034, P = 0.015; Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.007), frequency of direct breastfeeding per day (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.057, P = 0.026), and maternal fiber intake from grains (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.055, P = 0.040). Total fiber, fiber from grains, dietary fat, and infant feeding practices were also associated with a number of differentially abundant taxa. The overall composition of predicted microbial functions was associated with total fiber consumption (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.067, P = 0.036) and human milk exclusivity (Bray-Curtis R2 = 0.041, P = 0.013). Conclusions Maternal consumption of fiber and fat, as well as mother's infant feeding practices, are important determinants of the human milk microbiota. Understanding whether these microbial changes impact an infant's overall health and development requires future study.

scholarly journals Feeding practices and risk factors for chronic infant undernutrition among refugees and migrants along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a mixed-methods study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Hashmi ◽  
P. B. Nyein ◽  
K. Pilaseng ◽  
M. K. Paw ◽  
M. C. Darakamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of maternal risk factors, infant risk factors and maternal infant feeding practices among refugees and migrants along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Methods This study employed a mixed-methods approach with two components: (1) cross-sectional survey (n = 390) and (2) focus group discussions (n = 63). Participants were chosen from one of three clinics providing antenatal and delivery services for Karen and Burman refugees and migrants along the border. Participants were pregnant women and mother-infant dyads. Results Refugee and migrant mothers demonstrated high rates of suboptimal breastfeeding and low rates of minimum dietary diversity and acceptable diet. Multivariable regression models showed infant stunting (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.84, p = 0.020) and underweight (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.36, p = 0.015) to have increased odds among migrants, while each 5 cm increase in maternal height had decreased odds of stunting (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.66, p < 0.001) and underweight (AOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.85, p = 0.002). In addition, small-for-gestational-age adjusted for length of gestation, infant age and gender increased odds of infant’s stunting (AOR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.88, 6.22, p < 0.001) and underweight (AOR: 4.44, 95% CI: 2.36, 8.34, p < 0.001). Using the Integrated Behavioural Model, focus group discussions explained the cross-sectional findings in characterising attitudes, perceived norms, and personal agency as they relate to maternal nutrition, infant malnutrition, and infant feeding practices. Conclusions Inadequate infant feeding practices are widespread in refugee and migrant communities along the Thailand-Myanmar border. Risk factors particular to maternal nutrition and infant birth should be considered for future programming to reduce the burden of chronic malnutrition in infants.

scholarly journals Infant Feeding Practices Among a U.S. Network of Milk-Sharing Parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 800-800
Author(s):  
Jennifer Peregoy ◽  
Giovana Pinheiro ◽  
Kathleen Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother’S Own Milk

Abstract Objectives Over the past decade, peer-to-peer human milk sharing (PHMS) as an infant feeding strategy has been growing in popularity. Given the emergent nature of modern PHMS, little is known about the infant feeding practices (IFP) of parents who engage in PHMS. The objective of this study was to characterize the IFP among a network of PHMS families and identify differences in IFP by recipient/donor status. Methods A cross-sectional survey was circulated among a network of PHMS families in the Washington, DC region. Eligible participants completed a detailed online survey about their milk sharing experiences and IFP. Bivariate analyses of IFP were conducted by PHMS status. To assess for differences in IFP by PHMS status, independent t and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Results Among a sample of 168 PHMS parents, 58% were donors and 42% were recipients. Compared to recipients, donors had a longer mean duration of most recent lactation (17.4 vs. 12.3 months; p &lt; 0.005). During the first 3 months of their children's lives, recipients were more likely than donors to have fed them commercial infant formula (41.4% vs. 23.5%; p &lt; 0.05) and banked donor milk (15.7% vs. 1%; p &lt; 0.005). Donors were more likely than recipients to report ever having produced more milk than needed by their children (91.8% vs. 28.6%; p &lt; 0.001), and less likely to report ever having difficulty producing enough milk for their children (20.4% vs. 77.1%; p &lt; 0.001). Over a quarter of participants had ever exclusively pumped to feed their children, with no difference by PHMS status. While milk sharing, 86% of recipient infants were still consuming their mother's own milk and 58% were still feeding at their mother's breast. Conclusions This descriptive analysis demonstrates that PHMS participants are achieving a high duration of human-milk-feeding, far above the U.S. average. Lactation duration and breastfeeding experience between donors and recipients differed in predictable ways. Exclusive pumping was a common IFP among this sample of PHMS parents. Recipients in this sample were largely using PHMS as a strategy to supplement the mother's own milk. Additional research is needed to understand how PHMS is being practiced and to identify infant health and growth outcomes associated with PHMS. Funding Sources NIH Training Grant T32 HD087137.

scholarly journals Role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease and potential therapeutic implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 3369-3390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony K. Akobeng ◽  
Parul Singh ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Coeliac Disease ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Intestinal Immune System

Abstract Purpose Although genetic predisposition and exposure to dietary gluten are considered necessary triggers for the development of coeliac disease, alterations in the gut microbial composition may also contribute towards the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. This review aims to provide an overview of the available data on the potential mechanisms through which the gut microbiota plays a role in the causation of coeliac disease and to discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that could diminish the consequences of microbial dysbiosis. Method A search of the literature was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and JSTOR databases; relevant articles were included. Results Recent studies in patients with coeliac disease have reported an increase in the relative amounts of gram negative bacterial genera such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Escherichia, and reduced amounts of protective anti-inflammatory bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli. Dysbiotic microbiota may lead to a dysregulated immune response that may contribute to the pathogenesis of coeliac disease. In infancy, antibiotic use and certain infant feeding practices may lead to alterations in the developing gut microbiota to influence the immune maturation process and predispose to coeliac disease. Conclusion The induction of the intestinal immune system and gluten intolerance may be influenced by the relative abundance of certain microbiota. Factors such as infant feeding practices, diet, antibiotics, and infections, may be involved in the development of coeliac disease due to their influence on gut microbial composition. The efficacy of potential modulators of the gut microbiota such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplant as adjunctive treatments to gluten-free diet in coeliac disease is unproven and requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Reported infant feeding practices and contextual influences on breastfeeding: qualitative interviews with women registered to MomConnect in three South African provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zara Trafford ◽  
Sara Jewett ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Amnesty E. LeFevre ◽  
Peter J. Winch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
South African ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Younger Women

Abstract Background Global guidelines recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. South African EBF rates have steadily increased but still only average 32% for infants below 6 months of age. Malnutrition and developmental delays continue to contribute substantially to the morbidity and mortality of South African children. MomConnect, a national mHealth messaging system used to send infant and maternal health messages during and after pregnancy, has a specific focus on improving rates of breastfeeding and has achieved high rates of population coverage. Methods For this qualitative study, we interviewed women who were registered to MomConnect to investigate their breastfeeding and other infant feeding practices, decision-making pre- and post-delivery, and the role of the health system, family members and the wider community in supporting or detracting from breastfeeding intentions. Data were collected from February–March 2018 in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal, Free State and Gauteng provinces. Framework analysis was conducted to identify common themes. Results Most women interviewed had breastfed, including HIV-positive women. Even when women had delivered by caesarean section, they had usually been able to initiate breastfeeding a few hours after birth. Understandings of EBF varied in thoroughness and there was some confusion about the best way to cease breastfeeding. Most women felt well-equipped to make infant feeding decisions and to stick to their intentions, but returning to work or school sometimes prevented 6 months of EBF. Advice from the health system (both via clinics and MomConnect) was considered helpful and supportive in encouraging EBF to 6 months, although family influences could thwart these intentions, especially for younger women. Mothers reported a range of breastfeeding information sources that influenced their choices, including social media. Conclusions Efforts to improve EBF rates must include consideration of the social and economic environment surrounding women. Interventions that focus only on improving women’s knowledge are valuable but insufficient on their own. Attention should also be paid to infant behaviors, and how these affect women’s breastfeeding choices. Finally, although there is strong local policy support for EBF, more rigorous implementation of these and other broader changes to create a more enabling structural environment ought to be prioritized.

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Breastfeeding Practices and Infant Feeding Pattern among Mothers in Mauritius

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashmika Motee ◽  
Deerajen Ramasawmy ◽  
Prity Pugo-Gunsam ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Proper breastfeeding practices are effective ways for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. While many mothers understand the importance of breastfeeding, others are less knowledgeable on the benefits of breastfeeding and weaning. The aim in here is to assess breastfeeding pattern, infant formula feeding pattern, and weaning introduction in Mauritius and to investigate the factors that influence infant nutrition. 500 mothers were interviewed using a questionnaire which was designed to elicit information on infant feeding practices. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS (version 13.0), whereby chi-square tests were used to evaluate relationships between different selected variables. The prevalence of breastfeeding practice in Mauritius has risen from 72% in 1991 to 93.4% as found in this study, while only 17.9% breastfed their children exclusively for the first 6 months, and the mean duration of EBF (exclusive breastfeeding) is 2.10 months. Complementary feeding was more commonly initiated around 4–6 months (75.2%). Despite the fact that 60.6% of mothers initiate breastfeeding and 26.1% of mothers are found to breastfeed up to 2 years, the practice of EBF for the first 6 months is low (17.9%). Factors found to influence infant feeding practices are type of delivery, parity, alcohol consumption, occupation, education, and breast problems.

scholarly journals Infant feeding practices: a cause for concern.

BMJ ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 2 (6197) ◽  
pp. 1073-1073
Author(s):  
D Freed ◽  
D Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices
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