Characterization of the electrical behavior of a discontinuous hybrid yarn textile made of recycled carbon and PA6 fibers during Joule heating

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1317-1335
Author(s):  
Julian Reese ◽  
Gerald Hoffmann ◽  
Johannes Fieres ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Polyamide Fibers ◽  
Cost Efficient

The Joule heating of carbon fiber-based textiles enables an energy- and cost-efficient processing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic parts. This article introduces a new method to pass direct current into a dry, not pre-consolidated hybrid yarn textile based on recycled carbon fibers and polyamide 6 fibers. The aim is to melt polyamide fibers, subsequently impregnate carbon fibers, and finally consolidate the material to form a composite part in a single process step. To increase the reliability of this technology, the electrical properties and the behavior of the material during the heating process must be thoroughly investigated. It will be addressed how the material is characterized during the process and how the changing resistivity of the textile affects the current flow between the electrodes to generate intrinsic heat. Moreover, a method to determine the effective material resistivity by finite element simulation on the fiber scale based on a CT scan is presented. Thus, a validated material model with respect to the temperature development in the textile based on ρ = ρ (Τ) was established.

Mechanical behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 composites under transverse tension and the structure of polyamide 6 among carbon fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1195-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Uematsu ◽  
Daisuke Kurita ◽  
Shota Nakakubo ◽  
Ayaka Yamaguchi ◽  
Masachika Yamane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Transverse Tension ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

scholarly journals Joule heating of dry textiles made of recycled carbon fibers and PA6 for the series production of thermoplastic composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502090582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Reese ◽  
Michael Vorhof ◽  
Gerald Hoffmann ◽  
Kurt Böhme ◽  
Chokri Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Transverse Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
One Step ◽  
Macroscopic Parameters

Processing carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic parts includes heating to form the thermoplastic matrix. The needed heat can be applied externally or internally to the preform. One possibility to generate intrinsic heat involves the use of carbon fibers as a resistive element to induce joule heat. So far, most research efforts have been based on contacting continuous carbon fibers on both ends to melt the thermoplastic matrix of a pre-impregnated preform. The objective of this project is to use a dry hybrid yarn textile in a one-step process to impregnate and rapidly consolidate the dry textile in less than a minute. The desired molding process is based on joule heating of carbon fibers due to an applied current in the transverse fiber direction. This article focuses on the detection of the involved macroscopic parameters. The first composites produced by means of this new method exhibit a high potential with heating times of 15 s, a void fraction below 1%, and flexural properties comparable to the state of the art.

Characterization of amorphous carbon fibers produced from thermally stabilized polyamide 6 fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Karacan ◽  
Hekime Meşeli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Cupric Chloride ◽  
Oxidative Stabilization ◽  
Effective Role

Amorphous carbon fiber from polyamide 6 (PA6) precursor was produced using a multi-step procedure consisting of oxidative stabilization in air at 180℃ in the presence of cupric chloride impregnation, pre-carbonization at 250℃ and carbonization at temperatures ranging from 500℃ to 1000℃ in nitrogen. The results obtained from thermal analysis data suggested that cupric chloride impregnation enhanced thermal stability. During the oxidative stabilization process, a polymorphic structure consisting of α- and γ-phases was eliminated due to the decrystallization process. The pre-carbonization step was found to be necessary to enhance the thermal stability of oxidatively stabilized PA6 fiber prior to carbonization. The results suggested that the pre-carbonization step improved the aromatization and crosslinking reactions. The results obtained from the experimental data suggested that the carbonization temperature had an effective role on the molecular structure and properties of the resulting carbon fibers. The carbon fibers obtained from stabilized and pre-carbonized PA6 fibers showed physical and structural changes with rising temperature. They were characterized by a reduction in fiber diameter, linear density, carbon fiber yield, hydrogen and nitrogen content values due to the removal of non-carbon elements together with increases in the values of density, crystallite thickness, carbon content, C/H ratio and electrical conductivity values. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis suggested that the crystalline structure was totally lost and converted to a carbonized structure at 500℃ and above due to the formation of an amorphous carbon structure during carbonization reactions.

scholarly journals Effect of Grafted CNT on Carbon Fibers on Impregnation Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 670-677
Author(s):  
Kazuto TANAKA ◽  
Toshiki TAKENAKA ◽  
Tsutao KATAYAMA ◽  
Yusuke MORITA
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

scholarly journals Development of a new hybrid yarn construction from recycled carbon fibers (rCF) for high-performance composites. Part-II: Influence of yarn parameters on tensile properties of composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (13) ◽  
pp. 1655-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hengstermann ◽  
MMB Hasan ◽  
A Abdkader ◽  
Ch Cherif
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Hybrid Yarn ◽  
Yarn Twist ◽  
Process Route ◽  
Properties Of Composites

This article reports the successful manufacturing of hybrid yarns from virgin staple CF (40 or 60 mm) or recycled staple CF (rCF) by mixing with polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers of defined length. The hybrid yarns are produced using an optimized process route of carding, drawing, and flyer machine. Furthermore, the influence of CF length, CF type (i.e. virgin or rCF), CF volume content, and twist of the yarn are also investigated regarding the tensile properties of unidirectionally laid (UD) thermoplastic composites. The results show that CF length, yarn twist, and CF content of composites play a big role on the tensile properties of thermoplastic composites. From the comparison of tensile strength of UD composites produced from 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF, it can be seen that the increase of yarn twist decreases the tensile strength. However, the effect of twist on the tensile properties of UD composites manufactured from 40 mm virgin staple CF is insignificant. The tensile strength of UD thermoplastic composites manufactured from the hybrid yarn with 40 and 60 mm virgin staple CF and rCF is found to be 771 ± 100, 838 ± 81, and 801 ± 53.4 MPa, respectively, in the case of 87 T/m containing 50 volume% CF.

Cytocompatibility of Carbon Nanofiber Materials for Neural Applications

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice L. McKenzie ◽  
Michael C. Waid ◽  
Riyi Shi ◽  
Thomas J. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Pc 12 Cells ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Poly Carbonate

AbstractSince the cytocompatibility of carbon nanofibers with respect to neural applications remains largely uninvestigated, the objective of the present in vitro study was to determine cytocompatibility properties of formulations containing carbon nanofibers. Carbon fiber substrates were prepared from four different types of carbon fibers, two with nanoscale diameters (nanophase, or less than or equal to 100 nm) and two with conventional diameters (or greater than 200 nm). Within these two categories, both a high and a low surface energy fiber were investigated and tested. Astrocytes (glial scar tissue-forming cells) and pheochromocytoma cells (PC-12; neuronal-like cells) were seeded separately onto the substrates. Results provided the first evidence that astrocytes preferentially adhered on the carbon fiber that had the largest diameter and the lowest surface energy. PC-12 cells exhibited the most neurites on the carbon fiber with nanodimensions and low surface energy. These results may indicate that PC-12 cells prefer nanoscale carbon fibers while astrocytes prefer conventional scale fibers. A composite was formed from poly-carbonate urethane and the 60 nm carbon fiber. Composite substrates were thus formed using different weight percentages of this fiber in the polymer matrix. Increased astrocyte adherence and PC-12 neurite density corresponded to decreasing amounts of the carbon nanofibers in the poly-carbonate urethane matrices. Controlling carbon fiber diameter may be an approach for increasing implant contact with neurons and decreasing scar tissue formation.

Improvement of quality of carbon fiber rods by the impregnation of carbon fibers with oligoorganosiloxanes

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-772
Author(s):  
N. G. Mazhorova ◽  
P. V. Ivanov ◽  
O. V. Zaichenko ◽  
A. V. Lakhin ◽  
S. Yu. Kanterin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers
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