Cultivating Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Digital Government

2020 ◽  
pp. 089443932098012
Author(s):  
Teresa M. Harrison ◽  
Luis Felipe Luna-Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Cognitive Tools ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes

While there is growing consensus that the analytical and cognitive tools of artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to transform government in positive ways, it is also clear that AI challenges traditional government decision-making processes and threatens the democratic values within which they are framed. These conditions argue for conservative approaches to AI that focus on cultivating and sustaining public trust. We use the extended Brunswik lens model as a framework to illustrate the distinctions between policy analysis and decision making as we have traditionally understood and practiced them and how they are evolving in the current AI context along with the challenges this poses for the use of trustworthy AI. We offer a set of recommendations for practices, processes, and governance structures in government to provide for trust in AI and suggest lines of research that support them.

scholarly journals Statistics and Artificial Intelligence-Based Pavement Performance and Remaining Service Life Prediction Models for Flexible and Composite Pavement Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (10) ◽  
pp. 448-460
Author(s):  
Orhan Kaya ◽  
Halil Ceylan ◽  
Sunghwan Kim ◽  
Danny Waid ◽  
Brian P. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Pavement Management ◽  
Pavement Performance ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Performance Models ◽  
Remaining Service Life ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Processes

In their pavement management decision-making processes, U.S. state highway agencies are required to develop performance-based approaches by the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) federal transportation legislation. One of the performance-based approaches to facilitate pavement management decision-making processes is the use of remaining service life (RSL) models. In this study, a detailed step-by-step methodology for the development of pavement performance and RSL prediction models for flexible and composite (asphalt concrete [AC] over jointed plain concrete pavement [JPCP]) pavement systems in Iowa is described. To develop such RSL models, pavement performance models based on statistics and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques were initially developed. While statistically defined pavement performance models were found to be accurate in predicting pavement performance at project level, AI-based pavement performance models were found to be successful in predicting pavement performance in network level analysis. Network level pavement performance models using both statistics and AI-based approaches were also developed to evaluate the relative success of these two models for network level pavement performance modeling. As part of this study, in the development of pavement RSL prediction models, automation tools for future pavement performance predictions were developed and used along with the threshold limits for various pavement performance indicators specified by the Federal Highway Administration. These RSL models will help engineers in decision-making processes at both network and project levels and for different types of pavement management business decisions.

Decision-Making Methods in MIS Outsourcing

2011 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Jeanette Nasem Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Information Services ◽  
Data Warehouses ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter commences with a discussion of corporate and government decision-making processes and the management sciences that support development of decisions. Special decision-making considerations, trade-offs analyses, and cost-benefit studies all figure into decisions that result in outsourcing. Technologies that support different methods of decision-making include data warehouses and data mining, rules-based logic, heuristical processes, fuzzy logic, and expert-based reasoning are presented. The chapter presents case studies and current and evolving technologies. The following sections will address the decision-making methods that are used in considering, executing and monitoring outsourced MIS projects or in service lines related to provision of information services in the organization.

scholarly journals Regulating lobbyists in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Liam Alexander Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Select Committee ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Lobbying Activity ◽  
Decision Making Processes

<p>Lobbying is a vital aspect of democratic governance and is for the most part beneficial to society. However, recent high-profile instances of lobbying activity in New Zealand have damaged governmental integrity and appear to have diminished public confidence in government decision-making processes. The Lobbying Disclosure Bill was introduced to the New Zealand Parliament in 2012 in the hope that transparency mechanisms could dissuade harmful lobbying without impeding ordinary activity. The Bill was rejected at the select committee stage due to a number of drafting deficiencies. These shortcomings made the Bill difficult to implement, and imposed a disproportionate limit on a number of human rights. Despite these failings, it is both possible and desirable to regulate lobbying activity in New Zealand. Drawing from overseas experiences, this paper suggests modifications to the Lobbying Disclosure Bill which would discourage harmful lobbying while also mitigating the concerns raised by critics of the Bill.</p>

scholarly journals Law and software analysis: A step closer to resolving investment disputes through artificial intelligence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Milena Galetin ◽  
Anica Milovanović
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Larger Sample

Considering the possibility of using artificial intelligence in resolving legal disputes is becoming increasingly popular. The authors examine whether soft ware analysis can be applied to resolve a specific issue in investment disputes - to determine the applicable law to the substance of the dispute and highlight the application of artificial intelligence in the area of law, especially in predicting the outcome of a dispute. The starting point is a sample of 50 arbitral awards and the results of previously conducted research. It has been confirmed that soft ware analysis can be useful in decision-making processes, but not to the extent that arbitrators could exclusively rely on it. On the other hand, the development of an algorithm that would predict applicable law for different legal issues required a much larger sample. We also believe that the existence of different legal and factual circumstances in each case, as well as the personality of the arbitrator and arbitral/judicial discretion are limitations of the application of artificial intelligence in this area.

scholarly journals ASSESSING ETHICAL AI-BASED DECISION-MAKING: TOWARDS AN APPLIED ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Henman
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Government Accountability ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Government Decision ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Key Questions

Globally there is strong enthusiasm for using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in government decision making, yet this technocratic approach is not without significant downsides including bias, exacerbating discrimination and inequalities, and reducing government accountability and transparency. A flurry of analytical and policy work has recently sought to identify principles, policies, regulations and institutions for enacting ethical AI. Yet, what is lacking is a practical framework and means by which AI can be assessed as un/ethical. This paper provides an overview of an applied analytical framework for assessing the ethics of AI. It notes that AI (or algorithmic) decision-making is an outcome of data, code, context and use. Using these four categories, the paper articulates key questions necessary to determine the potential ethical challenges of using an AI/algorithm in decision making, and provides the basis for their articulation within a practical toolkit that can be demonstrated against known AI decision-making tools.

scholarly journals A Review: Artificial Intelligent Approach for Enhancing Adaptability in an Adaptive E-Learning Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
M.P.L. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Artificial Intelligent ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Intelligent Approach ◽  
Learning Frameworks

Adaptive e-learning the aim is to fill the gap between the pupil and the educator by discussing the needs and skills of individual learners. Artificial intelligence strategies that have the potential to simulate human decision-making processes are important around adaptive e-Learning. This paper explores the Artificial techniques; Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, Bayesian Networks and Genetic Algorithms, highlighting their contributions to the notion of the adaptability in the sense of Adaptive E-learning. The implementation of Artificial Neural Networks to resolve problems in the current Adaptive e-learning frameworks have been established.

scholarly journals Towards Trust, Transparency and Liability in AI / AS systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Thelisson
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Governance Mechanisms ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

The research problem being investigated in this article is how to develop governance mechanisms and collective decision-making processes at a global level for Artificial Intelligence systems (AI) and Autonomous systems (AS), which would enhance confidence in AI and AS.

Policy analysis in civil society organisations

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Güneş Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Current State ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Decision Making Processes

This chapter is mainly concerned with providing a concise synopsis of the state of civil society in Turkey and an overview of the decision-making processes at civil society organizations (CSOs) by combining data from various empirical studies. The chapter begins with a discussion of the roots of weak civil society in Turkey followed by an illustration of the current state of civil society as a space. The chapter will then examine policy analysis practices in CSOs with a focus on prevalent decision making structures and the role of external funds in addition to agenda setting and evaluation processes. The chapter concludes by arguing that CSOs in Turkey are still yet to become effective implementers of policy analysis tools.

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