Migration Regime and “Language Part of Work”: Experiences of Syrian Refugees as Surplus Population in the Turkish Labor Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052096485
Author(s):  
Maissam Nimer ◽  
Susan Beth Rottmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Surplus Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Work First

The literature on migration, language and employment is dominated by the human capital approach and promotes multilingualism as a universal good. This paper examines the relationship between language and work for migrants illustrating how they are ascribed value as capital according to their position and the “language part of work.” First, we trace a genealogy of the migration regime in relation to the labor and linguistic market of migrants in Turkey, characterized by informality and exploitation. Then, we look at the experiences of refugees qualitatively to show how language is differentially valued and has modest effects on social mobility. We argue that language learning instead of stemming from individuals’ possession of capital should be examined within a broader linguistic and employment framework. This research goes beyond conventional wisdom about the centrality of language as a means to improve employment by shedding light on the structure that shapes language value.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT AND INCOME

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
LENKA PALAŠČÁKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Mutual Relationship ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The issue of interrelationships between education, employment and the level of income evaluation is a cross-cutting nature, where the economic, social, political and legal levels are intertwined. Its broader context predicts its thematic coverage. The article presents preliminary results of the mutual relationship between acquired skills and the level of education achieved and the ability of the individual to become involved in the labor market. The aim of the article is to determine, using statistical and analytical methods, the correlation between the employment rate and the level of education attained in the EU countries and within the territory of the Slovak Republic. On the basis of the initial analysis the authors aim to answer the question if university graduates achieve higher incomes than secondary-educated people. Eventually they try to propose solutions and measures that are necessary for increasing the level and value of human capital, especially in the Slovak Republic.

Second Generation Argentinean Migrants in Catalonia: Ethnic Mobility and Mobilization

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amado Alarcón ◽  
Luis Garzón
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization

AbstractDrawing on some preliminary findings of an ongoing research project on second-generation Argentinean migrants and their language use and social mobility in Catalonia, this paper focuses on the link between social mobility and ethnic mobilization. Using findings from interviews with migrants that came to Spain in the 1970s and 1980s as well as their children who have grown up in Spain, we demonstrate the degree of integration and labor market participation by both generations. Our research also emphasizes the roles political action and language learning play in their integration.

scholarly journals Diverging by Gender: Syrian Refugees’ Divisions of Labor and Formation of Human Capital in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Gowayed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Refugee Men

In this article, I examine how Syrian refugee men and women shifted their household divisions of labor in their initial years of resettlement in the United States. I combine and extend relational approaches from gender theory and economic sociology to examine how men’s and women’s behaviors shifted, the resources engendered by behavioral shifts, and how they interpreted and compensated for new behaviors and resources. I show that shifts in Syrian household divisions of labor occurred at the intersection of inequalities in social policies, labor markets, and households. As a result of limited social assistance, the refugee families needed to earn an income within months of their arrival. The Syrian men entered the labor market, in keeping with a breadwinning expectation for their labor, but could only access menial jobs that limited their time and opportunity to learn English. Women, meanwhile, did not enter the labor market full-time and could attend English classes. By observing this divergence in men’s and women’s language learning, I theorize human capital as a gendered outcome of household divisions of labor.

Young Adult Transnational School- to-Work Transitions in the Context of Work Migration in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 423-440
Author(s):  
Oana Negru-Subtirica
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
School To Work ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Work Transitions ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Work First

Today, an increasing number of young adults’ first systematic work experiences occur beyond the boundaries of their homelands, leading to transnational school-to-work transitions. Work migration trends in the past decades indicate that more young adults choose or are forced to live their first systematic work experiences in a new country. This chapter explores transnational school-to-work transitions in the European context in emerging adults who migrate to find work. First, the author analyzes the dynamics of transnational school-to-work transitions for European emerging adults who have completed extensive schooling (university graduates). Next, the author examines how educational and labor market factors may influence the development of meanings of work and of work identities in these young adults. Lastly, the author details implications for educational and occupational policies targeting immigrant young adults.

سحوق العمل العراقي من التقليدية الى الرقمية – تحديات ومعالجات

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (69) ◽  
pp. 114-130
Author(s):  
هند عبد المجيد حمادي
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
The Relationship

The study confirms that digital technologies have become closely related to labor markets, by providing the labor market with qualifications, human capital with skills and high experience, and on the efficiency of the performance of the digital transformation process, and therefore the hypothesis of the study is based on the existence of positive repercussions for the digital economy and investment in it in order to address the challenges that Facing the Iraqi labor market and then the digital transformation process, the study aims to demonstrate the reality of the digital technology sector in the Iraqi labor market by monitoring the qualitative indicators related to digital transformation, and then analyzing the reality of the relationship between digital technologies and the labor market. The importance of the study lies in the link between digital technologies and the labor market and the role of digital technologies in stimulating the labor market.

scholarly journals Diverging by Gender: Syrian Refugees’ Divisions of Labor and Formation of Human Capital in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Gowayed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
English Classes ◽  
Refugee Families ◽  
Refugee Men

In this article, I examine how Syrian refugee men and women shifted their household divisions of labor in their initial years of resettlement in the United States. I combine and extend relational approaches from gender theory and economic sociology to examine how men’s and women’s behaviors shifted, the resources engendered by behavioral shifts, and how they interpreted and compensated for new behaviors and resources. I show that shifts in Syrian household divisions of labor occurred at the intersection of inequalities in social policies, labor markets, and households. As a result of limited social assistance, the refugee families needed to earn an income within months of their arrival. The Syrian men entered the labor market, in keeping with a breadwinning expectation for their labor, but could only access menial jobs that limited their time and opportunity to learn English. Women, meanwhile, did not enter the labor market full-time and could attend English classes. By observing this divergence in men’s and women’s language learning, I theorize human capital as a gendered outcome of household divisions of labor.

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