7075 aluminum alloy is widely used due to its great performance, especially in aerospace area. In this paper, ultrasonic-assisted grinding technology is used to process 7075 aluminum alloy. The data is obtained through experiments, and the surface roughness and morphology of ultrasonic assisted grinding and conventional grinding under different spindle speeds, feed rates, and amplitudes are analyzed. Research has found that the increase in spindle speed and amplitude will improve the quality of the machined surface and reduce the surface roughness by 82.1% and 36%. However, with the increase of feed rate, the surface quality decreased significantly, and the surface roughness increased by 55.6%. The surface micro-morphology of the machined workpiece is observed, and the effects of different processing parameters on the surface micro-morphology are obtained.