EIS Characterization of Ti Alloys in Relation to Alloying Additions of Ta

The increased popularity of Ti and its alloys as important biomaterials is driven by their low modulus, greater biocompatibility, and better corrosion resistance in comparison to traditional biomaterials, such as stainless steel and Co–Cr alloys. Ti alloys are successfully used in severe stress situations, such as Ti–6Al–4V, but this alloy is related to long-term health problems and, in response, different Ti alloys composed of non-toxic and non-allergic elements such as Nb, Zr, Mo, and Ta have been developed for biomedical applications. In this context, binary alloys of titanium and tantalum have been developed and are predicted to be potential products for medical purposes. More than this, today, novel biocompatible alloys such as high entropy alloys with Ti and Ta are considered for biomedical applications and therefore it is necessary to clarify the influence of tantalum on the behavior of the alloy. In this study, various Ti–xTa alloys (with x = 5, 15, 25, and 30) were characterized using different techniques. High-resolution maps of the materials’ surfaces were generated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and atom distribution maps were obtained by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). A thorough output of chemical composition, and hence the crystallographic structure of the alloys, was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the electrochemical behavior of these Ti–Ta alloys was investigated by EIS in simulated body fluid at different potentials. The passive layer resistance increases with the potential due to the formation of the passive layer of TiO2 and Ta2O5 and then decreases due to the dissolution processes through the passive film. Within the Ti–xTa alloys, Ti–25Ta demonstrates excellent passive layer and corrosion resistance properties, so it seems to be a promising product for metallic medical devices.

USING OF CoCr ALLOYS IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS ( REVIEW)

Metals are used extensively in biomedical applications due to their mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. There are many types of metals and alloys used in this application ( stainless steel, Ti and Ti alloys, CoCr, dental amalgam, etc). This review focus on CoCr alloys which have excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties which make them the best choice for many types of surgical implants. There are many alloying elements used to improve the properties of CoCr alloy such as ( Zr, In, Ta, etc ) has been reviewed.

ANALYSIS OF Nb - Ni AND V - Ni BASED MEMBRANE CHARACTERISTICS

Для получения сверхчистого водорода мембранной технологией вместо дорогостоящих сплавов Pd рассмотрены более дешёвые на основе металлов Nb и V . Накапливаемый в матрицах обычных мембран водород формирует специфические полиэдрические плотноупакованные гидридные образования особенно с повышение температур от 473 до 673 К и риском разрушения мембран. Благодаря легированию титаном этих сплавов повысились рабочие характеристики мембран: диффузия и проницаемость водорода, прочность, износоустойчивость и термостабильность. В кристаллических аналогах проблема образования гидридов также была решена повышением концентрации Ti с формированием эвтектических фаз в тройных составах сплавах, например, NbTiNi и VTiNi. С формированием в указанных составах соединений NiTi и NiTi образование гидридов блокируется даже при нагреве, благодаря устойчивым процессам водородной селективности. To obtain ultrapure hydrogen by membrane technology, instead of expensive membranes made of Pd alloys, cheaper ones based on metals (Nb - Ni) and (V - Ni) are considered. Due to alloying of these Ti alloys, the performance of the membranes increased - diffusion and permeability of hydrogen, wear resistance and thermal stability, exceeding the Pd alloys. For crystalline analogs, the problem was also solved by increasing the Ti concentration with the formation of eutectic phases in ternary alloy compositions (NbTiNi and VTiNi). Hydrogen accumulated in membrane matrices forms specific polyhedral eutectic TCP hydrides up to phase transitions, and upon cooling from 673 to 303K under conditions of thermal expansion from 473 to 673K, it increases the temperature of P-hydride formation and forms NiTi and NiTi compounds, which stabilize and protect nano- and crystalline membranes from brittle destruction.

The Characteristic of Fe as a β-Ti Stabilizer in Ti Alloys

It is well known that adding elements, especially β-Ti stabilizers, are holding a significant effect on titanium alloy strength due to the solution and precipitate strengthening mechanisms. In order to reveal the Fe strengthening mechanism in titanium, this study investigate the effect of Fe on the stability of β-Ti and the phase transition between α, β and ω phase with first-principle calculations. According to our study, Fe is a strong β-Ti phase stabilizer could owe to the 3d orbital into eg and t2g states which results in strong hybridization between Fe-d orbital and Ti-d orbital. The phase transition from ω to β or from α to β becomes easier for Fe-doped Ti compared to pure titanium. Based on our results, it is found that one added Fe atom can lead the phase transition (ω → β) of at least nine titanium atoms, which further proves that Fe has a strong stabilizing effect on β-Ti phase. This result provides a solid guide for the future design of high-strength titanium with the addition of Fe.