Investigation of the active electromagnetic suspension system considering hybrid control strategy

This paper deals with an electromagnetic damper, which is composed of a permanent-magnet direct current motor, a ball screw, and a nut, as an active actuator. The main objective pursued in the paper is to study the active electromagnetic suspension system (AEMSS) considering hybrid control strategy (the hybrid control strategy is a linear combination of skyhook and groundhook control strategy). For this purpose, the nonlinear equations of the electric circuit of the AEMSS should be developed. Supposing linear conditions, the coefficients determination of the hybrid control strategy is carried out in the frequency domain using the genetic algorithm in order to improve the vehicle performance and energy regeneration simultaneously. Afterwards, the achieved coefficients are used to examine the designed AEMSS in the actual conditions for an actual road profile. The simulation results demonstrate that the designed AEMSS has the desired performance while energy can be regenerated from the road excitation and transformed into electric energy. Furthermore, it has been shown that the designed AEMSS regenerates energy during the ascent and descent of a bump and consumes energy near the top of the bump.

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Adaptive Hybrid Control of Vehicle Semiactive Suspension Based on Road Profile Estimation

Shock and Vibration ◽

10.1155/2015/636739 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yechen Qin ◽

Mingming Dong ◽

Reza Langari ◽

Liang Gu ◽

Jifu Guan

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Wavelet Transforms ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

Hybrid Control ◽

Nsga Ii ◽

Inference System ◽

The Road ◽

Road Profile ◽

Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System ◽

Profile Estimation

A new road estimation based suspension hybrid control strategy is proposed. Its aim is to adaptively change control gains to improve both ride comfort and road handling with the constraint of rattle space. To achieve this, analytical expressions for ride comfort, road handling, and rattle space with respect to road input are derived based on the hybrid control, and the problem is transformed into a MOOP (Multiobjective Optimization Problem) and has been solved by NSGA-II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II). A new road estimation and classification method, which is based on ANFIS (Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System) and wavelet transforms, is then presented as a means of detecting the road profile level, and a Kalman filter is designed for observing unknown states. The results of simulations conducted with random road excitation show that the efficiency of the proposed control strategy compares favourably to that of a passive system.

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Effect of Road Profile on Suspension System of Heavy Truck

Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.24237/djes.2019.12207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 71-75

Author(s):

Salem F. Salman

Keyword(s):

Steering System ◽

Suspension System ◽

The Road ◽

Road Profile ◽

Road Roughness ◽

Road Type ◽

Heavy Truck ◽

Main Factors ◽

On The Road ◽

The Stability

All vehicles are affected by the type of the road they are moving on it. Therefore the stability depends mainly on the amount of vibrations and steering system, which in turn depend on two main factors: the first is on the road type, which specifies the amount of vibrations arising from the movement of the wheels above it, and the second on is the type of the used suspension system, and how the parts connect with each other. As well as the damping factors, the tires type, and the used sprungs. In the current study, we will examine the effect of the road roughness on the performance coefficients (speed, displacement, and acceleration) of the joint points by using a BOGE device.

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Electric Generator in the System for Damping Oscillations of Vehicles

Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences ◽

10.1515/lpts-2017-0008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 3-13

Author(s):

A. Serebryakov ◽

E. Kamolins ◽

N. Levin

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Control Systems ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Electric Generator ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

The Road ◽

Road Profile ◽

Functional Efficiency ◽

Linear Types

Abstract The control systems for the objects of industry, power generation, transport, etc. are extremely complicated; functional efficiency of these systems determines to a great extent the safe and non-polluting operation as well as convenience of service and repair of such objects. The authors consider the possibility to improve the efficiency of systems for damping oscillations in transport using a combination of electrical (generators of rotational and linear types) and hydraulic means. Better efficiency of functioning is achieved through automatic control over the operational conditions of such a system in order to make it adaptive to variations in the road profile and ambient temperature; besides, it is possible to produce additional electric energy.

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The algorithm of adaptive control for active suspension systems using pole assign and cascade design method

IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) ◽

10.11591/ijra.v9i4.pp271-280 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Chi Nguyen Van

Keyword(s):

Control Method ◽

Reference Model ◽

Active Suspension ◽

Suspension System ◽

Control Force ◽

Control Loop ◽

The Road ◽

Suspension Systems ◽

Road Profile ◽

Control Scheme

This paper presents the active suspension system (ASS) control method using the adaptive cascade control scheme. The control scheme is implemented by two control loops, the inner control loop and outer control loop are designed respectively. The inner control loop uses the pole assignment method in order to move the poles of the original system to desired poles respect to the required performance of the suspension system. To design the controller in the inner loop, the model without the noise caused by the road profile and velocity of the car is used. The outer control loop then designed with an adaptive mechanism calculates the active control force to compensate for the vibrations caused by the road profile and velocity of the car. The control force is determined by the error between states of the reference model and states of suspension systems, the reference model is the model of closed-loop with inner control loop without the noise. The simulation results implemented by using the practice date of the road profile show that the capability of oscillation decrease for ASS is quite efficient

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Research on the Influence of the Road-Friendliness by Semi-Active Suspension

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.1182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 311-313 ◽

pp. 1182-1185

Author(s):

Jie Li ◽

Ai Hua Zhu ◽

Heng Zeng ◽

Jun Peng Li

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Dynamic Load ◽

Hybrid Control ◽

Dynamic Performance ◽

Active Suspension ◽

Vehicle Dynamic ◽

Damping Force ◽

Joint Simulation ◽

The Road ◽

Car Model

In order to improve the road-friendliness of vehicle, this paper studies vehicle dynamic performance through establishing car model in ADAMS, hybrid control strategy in SIMULINK and the use of joint simulation technology. By using dynamic load coefficient and the road-friendliness index of dynamic load stress factor evaluate the road-friendliness of the semi-active suspension system with hybrid control strategy. The research shows that the road-friendliness will be better when the damping force distribution coefficient for 0.2 ~ 0.6.

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Experimental Researches on the Dynamic Behavior of the Magnetorheological Damper

10.20944/preprints202005.0237.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandru Dobre

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Behavior ◽

Shock Absorber ◽

Active Suspension ◽

Suspension System ◽

Magnetorheological Damper ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

Damping Force ◽

The Road ◽

Shock Absorbers ◽

Road Profile

In the context of improving the comfort and dynamics of the vehicle, the suspension system has been continuously developed and improved, especially using magnetorheological (MR) shock absorbers. The development of this technology which is relatively new has not been easy. Thus, the first widespread commercial use of MR fluid in a semi-active suspension system was implemented in passenger cars. The magnetorheological shock absorber can combine the comfort with the dynamic driving, because it allows the damping characteristic to be adapted to the road profile. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the dynamic behavior of the magnetorheological shock absorber in the semi-active suspension. In this sense, the author carried out a set of experimental measurements with a damping test bench, specially built and equipped with modern equipment. The results obtained from the experimental determinations show a significantly improved comfort when using a magnetorheological shock absorber, compared to a classic one, by the fact that the magnetorheological shock absorber allows to modify the damping coefficient according to the road conditions, thus maintaining the permanent contact between the tire and the road due to increased damping force.

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Body Travel Performance Improvement of Space Vehicle Electromagnetic Suspension System using LQG and LQI Control Methods

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.pp76bpb.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

mustefa jibril ◽

Messay Tadese ◽

Eliyas Alemayehu

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Space Vehicle ◽

Suspension System ◽

The Body ◽

Linear Quadratic ◽

Linear Quadratic Gaussian ◽

Linear Quadratic Optimal Control ◽

Electromagnetic Suspension ◽

Road Profile ◽

Quadratic Integral

Electromagnetic suspension system (EMS) is mostly used in the field of high-speed vehicle. In this paper, a space exploring vehicle quarter electromagnetic suspension system is modelled, designed and simulated using linear quadratic optimal control problem. Linear quadratic Gaussian and linear quadratic integral controllers are designed to improve the body travel of the vehicle using bump road profile. Comparison between the proposed controllers is done and a promising simulation result have been analyzed.

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Skyhook control strategy for vehicle suspensions based on the distribution of the operational conditions

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/09544070211006517 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095440702110065

Author(s):

Georgios Papaioannou ◽

Dimitrios Koulocheris ◽

Efstathios Velenis

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Performance Metrics ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

Damping Ratio ◽

Cumulative Distribution ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

The Road ◽

Vehicle Suspensions ◽

Road Profile ◽

The Impact

In this work, a novel distribution-based control strategy of semi-active vehicle suspensions is tested under different conditions. The novelty lies in the use of an appropriate threshold in the operational condition of the control algorithm, with which the operational conditions severity is quantified and the state of the damper is controlled according to the magnitude of the operational conditions and not their sign. The value of the threshold depends on the vibrations induced to the sprung mass by the road profile. In order to be evaluated, the operational conditions of the algorithm are fitted to a t-student distribution. The cumulative distribution function of this distribution is used in order to decrease the fraction of the sample operating with the damper’s stiff state. The strategy is applied to traditional SH control algorithms and is tested using a quarter car model excited by different road excitations. A sensitivity analysis for various threshold values is performed, investigating the impact of adopting the cumulative distribution functioned (CDF) controller to various performance metrics. The results illustrate an increase of up to 13% in the ride comfort of the passengers and increase of 6% in the road holding of the vehicle. Both are achieved by minimizing the switches of the damping ratio up to 80%.

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Body attitude control strategy based on road level for heavy rescue vehicles

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/0954407020966164 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 095440702096616

Author(s):

Hao Chen ◽

Mingde Gong ◽

Dingxuan Zhao ◽

Jianxu Zhu

Keyword(s):

Control Strategy ◽

Attitude Control ◽

Ride Comfort ◽

Active Suspension ◽

Suspension System ◽

Vehicle Body ◽

Vertical Acceleration ◽

Inference System ◽

The Road ◽

Body Attitude

This paper proposes an attitude control strategy based on road level for heavy rescue vehicles. The strategy aims to address the problem of poor ride comfort and stability of heavy rescue vehicles in complex road conditions. Firstly, with the pressure of the suspension hydraulic cylinder chamber without a piston rod as the parameter, Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy controller classification and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system controller classification are used to recognise the road level. Secondly, particle swarm optimisation is adopted to obtain the optimal parameters of the active suspension system of vehicle body attitude control under different road levels. Lastly, the parameters of the active suspension system are selected in accordance with the road level recognised in the driving process to improve the adaptive adjustment capability of the active suspension system at different road levels. Test results show that the root mean square values of vertical acceleration, pitch angle and roll angle of the vehicle body are reduced by 59.9%, 76.2% and 68.4%, respectively. This reduction improves the ride comfort and stability of heavy rescue vehicles in complex road conditions.

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