The Prevalence of Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV Seropositive and HIV Seronegative Immunocompromised Patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ramael ◽  
R Colebunders ◽  
C Colpaert ◽  
J Goeman ◽  
D Schrijvers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

The prevalence of hairy leukoplakia was determined among 176 symptomatic HIV seropositive patients seen at the outpatient department of the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Belgium. Moreover, systematic tongue biopsies were performed during postmortem examination of 21 patients with AIDS, 100 HIV seronegative immunocompromised patients with haematologic or other malignancies and 100 HIV seronegative non-immunocompromised patients who died at the University Hospital Antwerp. Hairy leukoplakia was observed in 52 (29.5%) of the outpatients, but only in one (5%) of the AIDS patients in the postmortem study ( P=0.03). An explanation for this difference may be that significantly more AIDS patients who died had received either acyclovir or ganciclovir during the 3 months prior to the postmortem examination than the HIV seropositive outpatients during the 3 months prior to examination. Hairy leukoplakia occurred more often in Caucasian homosexual men with HIV infection (38%) than among heterosexual Africans with HIV infection (17%) ( P=0.06). Hairy leukoplakia was observed in none of the HIV seronegative patients.

Benefits and Limits of Antiretroviral Drug Monitoring in Routine Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Thomas Maitre ◽  
Patrice Muret ◽  
Mathieu Blot ◽  
Anne Waldner ◽  
Michel Duong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Measured Concentration ◽  
The University

Background: HIV infection is a chronic disease for which therapeutic adherence and tolerance require particular attention. Objective: This study aimed to assess whether and when therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be associated with a benefit in routine practice. Methods: All HIV-infected patients who underwent at least one TDM at the University Hospital of Dijon (France) between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2012 were retrospectively included. Compliance with the recommendations, the results (antiretroviral concentrations), any subsequent therapeutic modifications, and the virological results at 4-8 months were analysed each time TDM was performed. TDM was defined as “practically relevant” when low or high antiretroviral concentrations led to a change in therapy. Results: Of the 571 patients who followed-up, 43.4% underwent TDM. TDM complying with recommendations (120 patients) was associated with a higher proportion of antiretroviral concentrations outside the therapeutic range (p=0.03). Antiretroviral treatment was modified after TDM in 22.6% of patients. Protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and raltegravir were more significantly modified when the measured concentration was outside the therapeutic range (p=0.008, p=0.05 and p=0.02, respectively). Overall, 11.7% of TDM was considered “practically relevant”, though there was no significant correlation between subsequent changes in antiretroviral treatment and undetectable final HIV viral load. Conclusions: TDM may be a useful tool in the management of HIV infection in specific situations, but the overall benefit seems moderate in routine practice. TDM cannot be systematic and/or a decision tool per se, but should be included in a comprehensive approach in certain clinical situations.

Human polyomavirus 9 in immunocompromised patients in the University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 2230-2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Fajfr ◽  
Lenka Pliskova ◽  
Radka Kutova ◽  
Michaela Matyskova-Kubisova ◽  
Pavel Navratil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
The University ◽  
Human Polyomavirus 9

Counselling in HIV Infection

1987 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Additional Problem ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Aids Risk ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

HIV infection and AIDS have focused attention on counselling as a major and integral part of the total clinical care of HIV seropositive and AIDS patients. There is, as yet, no cure for HIV infection and treatment is of the symptoms as they appear. This combined with the lack of knowledge of how the infection may progress has led to a very great uncertainty for the patients, their families, their sexual partners and the staff who are looking after them. For the haemophiliac patient there has been the additional problem of having been clearly identified as one of the AIDS risk groups resulting in many haemophiliacs being reluctant to disclose that they have haemophilia. The question of confidentiality, of the worried well, of the responses of others and of counselling for family and partners are also discussed.

scholarly journals Radiographic features of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients infected by HIV: is there an objective indicator of co-infection?

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Fátima Militão de Albuquerque ◽  
Silvio Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽  
Antonio Roberto Leite Campelo ◽  
Marta Cruz ◽  
Wayner V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The University ◽  
Hiv Negative

This study aimed to compare the radiographic characteristics of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with those of HIV-negative patients. In all, 275 TB patients attending the outpatients clinics at the University Hospital/UFPE, were studied from January 1997 to March 1999. Thirty nine (14.2%) of them were HIV+, with a higher frequency of males in this group (p=0.044). Seventy-five percent of the HIV+ patients and 19% of the HIV- had a negative tuberculin test (PPD) (p < 0.001). The proportion of positive sputum smears in the two groups was similar. The radiological finding most strongly associated with co-infection was absence of cavitation (p < 0.001). It may therefore be concluded that the lack of cavitation in patients with pulmonary TB may be considered a useful indicator of the need to investigate HIV infection. This approach could contribute to increasing the effectiveness of local health services, by offering appropriate treatment to co-infected patients.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of Turkish dentists regarding contamination and prevention of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Merve Koseoglu ◽  
Hande Toptan ◽  
Selma Altindis
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
The University ◽  
Demographic Features

Introduction: Dentists are at risk of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV infections in their professional practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level, attitude, and behaviours of the Turkish dentists regarding contamination and prevention of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV infections. Methods: After receiving the required ethical and administrative approvals, a 33-item digital survey was applied within the context of the present study, and carried out amongst 58 dentists. Results: According to the results of this study, the knowledge level did not vary between different demographic features (p ˃ 0.05). However, the dentists’ attitude and behaviours were different. Post-exposure attitude towards Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV infection did not vary between different demographic features (p ˃ 0.05). Female dentists who received education regarding infectious diseases more often got health check in case of injury (p ˂ 0.05). Female dentists felt more concerned than male dentists when they were treating infected patients, and they were more often using protective barriers (p ˂ 0.05). Dentists who were working at the university hospital and public hospital mostly had their Hepatitis B vaccinations more often than private clinics, also, dentists in university hospitals more often reported prefer to treat infected patients (p ˂ 0.05). Dentists who did not receive any education have reported that dental treatment of infected patients should be performed in specialised clinics (p ˂ 0.05). Conclusion: The Turkish dentists’ knowledge level, attitude, and behaviour were different. According to the findings of this study, efficacious education programs should be prepared for dentists to establish a positive attitude towards Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV infected patients.Keywords: Dentists, Turkish, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, HIV.

scholarly journals Use of rapid test for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in parturients

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Jaqueline Dario Capobiango ◽  
José Luís Da Silveira Baldy ◽  
Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche ◽  
Helena Kaminami Morimoto ◽  
Tatiana Inácio Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intravenous Drug User ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
The University

The diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in parturient women is used to prevent or change the course of HIV perinatal transmission through the zidovudine prophylaxis regimen. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of the HIV infection using the rapid test, to evaluate its acceptance for the diagnosis of HIV infection, and to determine the risk factors for HIV infection in parturients. Interview and a rapid test for anti-HIV were carried out on 4,341 parturients attended at two main public maternities (Maternity of the University Hospital and Municipal Maternity “Lucilla Ballalai”), in the city of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, from May, 2000, to September, 2001. The rapid test was positive in 23 (0.52%) parturients evaluated. Of them, the seropositivity in the conventional (screening and confirmatory) tests was obtained in 19 (0.44%; 95% CI: 0.27 – 0.70). The rate of the rapid test acceptance was 99.7%. Among HIV-infected. parturient it was found higher frequency (52.6%) of intravenous drug-user sexual partner (Odds ratio 51.63, 95% CI: 18.67-143.51, p< 0.0001) when compared with HIV-uninfected parturients, and also with a diagnosed seropositive partner (42.1%) when compared with HIV-uninfected parturients (Odds ratio 1011.88, 95% CI: 201.87-5766.26, p<0.0001). However, 15.8% of the HIV-infected parturient denied the existence of any risk factor for HIV infection. The results of this study emphasize the useful of the rapid test to diagnose the HIV infection in all parturient.

scholarly journals A study on otorhinolaryngologic manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Shanmuga Ashok S. ◽  
Rajendran S.
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
Hairy Leukoplakia ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>The main aim of this study was to find out the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) manifestations in a selected regional population of 100 HIV infected patients, to identify the commoner ENT manifestations among them and to make these manifestations, a guide for regional ENT surgeons, to diagnose HIV/AIDS patients early and to treat them accordingly.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The study was a prospective study which was conducted for a period of five years which included 100 HIV seropositive patients, among the patients attending the Outpatient Department of the Otorhinolaryngology and anti-retroviral therapy centre across Government Hospitals in Tamil Nadu according to our inclusion or exclusion criteria. Detailed ENT clinical examination as well as laboratory investigations were carried out to evaluate the nature of ENT presentations of HIV infection.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Out of the 100 HIV positive patients, who had some form of ENT symptoms, the most common ENT manifestation in HIV/AIDS was oral candidiasis (40%) followed by cervical lymphadenopathy (30%). Other common manifestations are oral herpes simplex and sensorineural hearing loss. Less common manifestations are chronic sinusitis, tuberculous laryngitis, chronic otitis media, oral hairy leukoplakia, nasal polyps and Kaposi’s sarcoma. Oral candidiasis, chronic/recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex, oral hairy leukoplakia and Kaposi’s sarcoma are the AIDS defining illnesses. Oral hairy leukoplakia, is pathognomonic of HIV infection.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>These manifestations help ENT surgeons, to recognize HIV/AIDS patients from the specific ENT lesions occurring in them, for early diagnosis and subsequent treatment.</p>

scholarly journals Genital HSV Detection among HIV-1-Infected Pregnant Women in Labor

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janna Patterson ◽  
Jane Hitti ◽  
Stacy Selke ◽  
Meei-Li Huang ◽  
D. Heather Watts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
The University ◽  
Dna Pcr ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objective. To compare genital HSV shedding among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women.Methods. Women with and without known HIV infection who delivered at the University of Washington Medical Center between 1989–1996 had HSV serologies done as part of clinical care. Genital swabs from HSV-2-seropositive women were evaluated by real-time quantitative HSV DNA PCR.Results. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 71% and 30% among 75 HIV-positive and 3051 HIV-negative women, respectively, (P<.001). HSV was detected at delivery in the genital tract of 30.8% of HIV-seropositive versus 9.5% of HIV-negative women (RR=3.2, 95% CI 1.6 to 6.5,P=.001). The number of virion copies shed per mL was similar (log 3.54 for HIV positive versus 3.90 for HIV negative,P=.99).Conclusions. Our study demonstrated that HIV-, HSV-2-coinfected women are more likely to shed HSV at delivery.

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