Fixed-term employment in Norway and Sweden: A pathway to labour market marginalization?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jørgen Svalund ◽  
Tomas Berglund
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Long Run

We compare the effects of relatively liberal regulations on the use of temporary employment in Sweden and more restrictive rules in Norway. We find not only that temporary work may be a stepping stone out of unemployment but also that fixed-term employees are exposed to significant risks of long-term marginalization. Moreover, fixed-term employees in Sweden face greater risks of long-run unemployment and low earnings compared to those in Norway.

Das Phänomen "Arbeitgeberzusammenschlüsse" als Arbeitnehmerüberlassung

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Petri
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Sustainable Employment ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas ◽  
Micro Enterprises

Micro enterprises in economically underdeveloped areas face increasing difficulties relating to long-term employment of qualified workers. Unlike medium-sized and large companies, they do not have an internal labour market, which means it is difficult for them to offer secure and sustainable employment with good standards, and still receive the necessary flexibility. Employers’ alliances (Arbeitgeberzusammenschlüsse—AGZ) are a form of organisation that can compensate for these disadvantages. However, the legal uncertainties associated with this form of employment pose an obstacle to its development. In this light, this work addresses the legal issue of whether the German Temporary Employment Act (Arbeitnehmerüberlassungsgesetz—AÜG) can be applied to this form of employer cooperation and where proposals for reform could be adopted in order to make the AÜG a suitable legal framework for this type of employer cooperation.

Who moves from fixed-term to open-ended contracts? Youth employment transitions in a segmented labour market

2020 ◽  
pp. 000169932092091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kiersztyn
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Contracts ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Employment Transitions ◽  
Stable Employment

This article explores the career effects of fixed-term employment among Polish youth, taking into account specific legal and institutional arrangements affecting both the incidence of temporary jobs and the chances of moving into more stable employment contracts. The aim of the analysis is twofold. First, it seeks to assess whether temporary contracts serve as a stepping-stone to stable employment or a trap leading to fragmented careers consisting of recurrent short-term jobs. Second, it identifies the factors which increase the chances of successful labour market integration. Both issues are addressed through a quantitative analysis of retrospective career data for a cohort of respondents aged 21–30 from two waves of the Polish Panel Survey (POLPAN), 2008 and 2013. Results suggest that temporary employment is not restricted to entry-level jobs and acts as a trap rather than a stepping-stone. In addition, the opportunities for moving from fixed-term to open-ended contracts appear to have deteriorated over the years. However, gaining early on-the-job experience, especially in occupations involving highly complex tasks, may improve the chances of attaining job stability.

Transitions from part-time unemployment: Is part-time work a dead end or a stepping stone to the labour market?

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Månsson ◽  
Jan Ottosson
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

This article analyses the effects of individual characteristics on the probability of leaving part-time unemployment. The results show that it cannot be unreservedly asserted that part-time work offers access to the core labour market. Among the part-time unemployed, there are great variations in the degree to which they are likely to leave part-time unemployment. A concentration of labour market policy activities on the part-time unemployed who are least likely to succeed in finding full-time employment can, therefore, be expected to have positive consequences from both equity and efficiency points of view. In this respect, part-time unemployed women, persons with work-related disabilities and persons with temporary employment come to the forefront. The article shows that the likelihood of finding a full-time job is certainly not great for persons belonging to these groups. For many of them, part-time job is not a stepping stone but rather a dead end on the labour market.

Substitution, entrapment, and inefficiency? Cohort inequalities in a two-tier labour market

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Barbieri ◽  
Giorgio Cutuli ◽  
Ruud Luijkx ◽  
Gabriele Mari ◽  
Stefani Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Temporary Work ◽  
Market Inefficiency ◽  
Flexible Segment ◽  
Lock In

Abstract In this article, we provide a longitudinal account of institutionally originated, cohort inequalities in a two-tier labour market, taking Italy as an exemplary case of partial and targeted deregulation. We examine the incidence and career consequences of temporary employment relying on panel data, across reforms implemented in the 1990s and early 2000s. A substitution effect is found for the initial stages of workers’ careers: while the youngest cohorts of school-leavers increasingly enter the flexible labour market, access to stable positions is hampered. Previous experiences in the flexible segment of the labour force also increase the risk of entrapment in temporary jobs. This lock-in dynamic is more visible for post-reforms cohorts and might have increased labour market inefficiency. Indeed, the entrapment risk has risen disproportionately for those individuals whose (un)observed characteristics could instead predict a faster exit from the flexible labour market, possibly towards stable positions. Our findings cast doubts on the transitory nature of temporary work in Italy and on the efficiency of partial and targeted reforms.

scholarly journals Lift the Ban? Initial Employment Restrictions and Refugee Labour Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Fasani ◽  
Tommaso Frattini ◽  
Luigi Minale
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Output Loss ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes

Abstract This article investigates the medium to long-term effects on refugee labour market outcomes of the temporary employment bans being imposed on asylum seekers in many countries. Using a newly collected dataset on employment restrictions together with individual data for refugees entering European countries between 1985 and 2012, our empirical strategy exploits the geographical and temporal variation in employment bans generated by their staggered introduction and removal coupled with frequent changes at the intensive margin. We find that exposure to a ban at arrival reduces refugee employment probability in post-ban years by 15%, an impact driven primarily by lower labour market participation. These effects are not mechanical, increase non-linearly in ban length and last up to 10 years post arrival. The detrimental effects of employment bans are concentrated among less educated refugees, translate into lower occupational quality, and seem not to be driven by selective migration. Our causal estimates are robust to several identification tests accounting for the potential endogeneity of employment ban policies, including placebo analysis of non-refugee migrants and an instrumental variable strategy. We estimate a EUR 37.6 billion output loss from the bans imposed on asylum seekers who arrived in Europe during the so-called 2015 refugee crisis.

scholarly journals Demographie und Demagogie

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (146) ◽  
pp. 39-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Ebert ◽  
Ernst Kistler
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Ageing Workforce ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
Labour Shortage ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Market Trends

In recent years population forecasts receive increasing interest. Extreme scenarios are frequently misused to serve political interests. However, especially long-term forecasts contain substantial uncertainties. The main focus of this article is on the myth of an impending labour shortage induced by demographic change. As shown, the main challenge for the labour market – even in the long run – will not be a decreasing but an ageing workforce. Coping with such labour market trends requires greater efforts in strengthening „employability“.

scholarly journals Long-term Resilient Labour Strategies to Deal with the Economic Crisis in Europe Using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Sandra Martínez-Molina ◽  
Paula Sabater Pavía ◽  
Jorge Garcés Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Temporary Employment ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
European Economies

The crisis has had a negative impact on both European economies and labour markets with different effects among countries, raising the importance of analysing the labour market resilience. This paper seeks to identify which strategies and labour adjustments have led European labour markets to both resilient and non-resilient results by using Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The findings show two different configurations explaining 57% of the resilient cases and four configurations explaining 74% of the non-resilient cases. The results of this study revealed three important issues. First of all, the same strategy was found to have different results on labour markets. This fact stressed that the context in which different measures are imposed is a decisive factor in their success. Secondly, resilient strategies underlined the importance of “flexibility”, by increasing temporary employment together with other conditions to escape from the crisis. Finally, the non-resilient results stress the importance of the imbalance between the flexicurity dimensions and the effect of the fall in economic activity on not being resilient in the long-term.

Infrastructure mortgage in Russia: Opportunities and prospects

2019 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
G. I. Idrisov ◽  
Y. Yu. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Inflation Expectations ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
Negative Effect

The article shows that depending on the goals pursued by the federal government and the available interbudgetary tools a different design of infrastructure mortgage is preferable. Three variants of such mortgage in Russia are proposed, each of which is better suited for certain types of projects and uses different forms of subsidies. According to our expert assessment the active use of infrastructure mortgage in Russia can increase the average annual GDP growth rate by 0.5 p. p. on the horizon of 5—7 years. In the long run the growth of infrastructure financing through the use of infrastructure mortgage could increase long-term economic growth by 0.9 p. p., which in 20—30 years can add 20—30% of GDP to the economy. However, the change in the structure of budget expenditures in the absence of an increase in the budget deficit and public debt will cause no direct impact on monetary policy. The increase in the deficit and the build-up of public debt will have a negative effect on inflation expectations, which will require monetary tightening for a longer time to stabilize them.

PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR SECARA SPASIAL TERHADAP KONVERGENSI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Anisa Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Neoclassical Growth Theory

Motivated by inter-regional disparities condition that occurs persistently, this study examines the Indonesian economy in the long run in order to know whether it tends to converge or diverge. This convergence is based on the Solow Neoclassical growth theory assuming the existence of diminishing returns to capital so that when the developed countries reach steady state conditions, developing countries will continuously grow up to 'catch-up' with developed countries. Based on regional economics perspective, each region can not be treated as a stand-alone unit,therefore, this study also focuses on the influence of spatial dependency and infrastructure. Economical and political situations of a region will influence policy in that region which will also have an impact to the neighboring regions. The estimation results of spatial cross-regressive model using fixed effect method consistently confirmed that the Indonesian economy in the long term will likely converge with a speed of 8.08 percent per year. Other findings are road infrastructure has a positive effect on economic growth and investment and road infrastructure are spatially showed a positive effect on economic growth. In other words, the investment and infrastructure of a region does not only affect the economic growth of that region but also to the economy of the contiguous regions. 

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