The compromise of dynamic disulfide/thiol homeostasis as a biomarker of oxidative stress in trichloroethylene exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 915-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bal ◽  
M Büyükşekerci ◽  
C Koca ◽  
ER Ağış ◽  
S Erdoğan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Thiol Homeostasis ◽  
Healthy Nonsmoker

In this study, we aimed to investigate disulfide/thiol homeostasis in trichloroethylene (TCE) exposure. The study was carried out in 30 nonsmoker TCE-exposed workers with a variety of occupations. Additionally, 30 healthy nonsmoker volunteers were recruited as the control group. TCE exposure was determined by measuring urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) concentration. Median urinary TCA levels of exposed workers (20.5 mg/L) were significantly higher than control subjects (5 mg/L). Thiol and disulfide concentrations were determined using a novel automated method. Disulfide/thiol ratio was significantly higher in the exposed group ( p < 0.001). Thiol/disulfide homeostasis was found to be disturbed in TCE-exposed workers. We predict that in TCE-exposed workers this disturbance can be a therapeutic target, and the efficiency of the treatment can easily be monitored by the novel method we used.

Increased oxidative stress and plasma Hsp70 levels among gasoline filling station attendants

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xia ◽  
Kangcheng Chen ◽  
Yingnan Lv ◽  
Damin Huang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Exposed Workers

Objectives: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) and is used as an antiknock agent and octane enhancer in gasoline. In this article, we tested the oxidative stress and heat stress protein (Hsp) 70 levels of gasoline station attendants to explore potential plasma biomarkers. Furthermore, the dose–response relationship was also identified. Methods: A total of 144 workers, including 96 petrol fillers and 48 cashiers, participated in the study. Ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and Mn were monitored at nine filling stations. During the measuring process, the individual cumulative exposure index was calculated. Plasma oxidative stress and Hsp70 levels were also analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The BTEX time-weighted average in office areas was significantly lower than in refuelling areas ( p < 0.05). In refuelling areas, the content of Mn ranged from 6.44 μg/m3 to 127.34 μg/m3, which was much higher than that in office areas (3.16–7.22 μg/m3; p < 0.05). Exposed workers had significantly different plasma oxidative stress indicators compared with the control group, respectively: superoxide dismutase (SOD), 39.18 ± 6.05 U/mL versus 52.84 ± 3.87 U/mL; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 186.07 ± 15.63 U versus 194.38 ± 10.42 U; and malondialdehyde (MDA), 1.68 ± 0.52 nmol/L versus 1.43 ± 0.64 nmol/L (in all comparisons, p < 0.05). Plasma Hsp70 level in the exposed group (2.77 ± 0.64 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.87 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Furthermore, Hsp70 levels were inversely correlated with the activities of SOD ( r = −0.305) and GSH-Px ( r = −0.302) in the exposed group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation ( r = 0.653) was found between plasma Hsp70 levels and plasma MDA levels ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to MMT-containing gasoline may result in increasing reactive oxygen stress among filling station attendants. Plasma Hsp70 levels could be used as a sensitive responsive biomarker for exposed workers.

scholarly journals Arsenic Exposure and Methylation Efficiency in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Semiconductor Workers

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Chih-Hong Pan ◽  
Ching-Yu Lin ◽  
Ching-Huang Lai ◽  
Hueiwang Anna Jeng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Inorganic As ◽  
Exposed Workers

This study examined associations between oxidative stress and arsenic (As) exposure and methylation efficiency in semiconductor workers. An As-exposed group (n = 427) and a control group (n = 91) were included. The As-exposure group (n = 427) included 149 maintenance staff members and 278 production staff members representing high As exposure and low As exposure, respectively. The control group included 91 administrative staff members with no or minimal As exposure. An occupational exposure assessment was conducted to assess personal As exposure by measuring As concentrations in urine, hair, and fingernails of the subjects. Urinary As(III), As(V), monomethylarsonic (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were quantified to assess an internal dose of inorganic As. Urinary 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured to asses oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively. As concentrations in urine, hair, and fingernails significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the As-exposed group in comparison to the control group. Geometric mean urinary concentrations of As, 8-OHdG, and MDA in the As-exposed group significantly exceeded those in the control group. As exposure to As-exposed workers had increased concentrations of 8-OHdG in contrast to those in control subjects. Moreover, urinary 8-OHdG concentrations in the semiconductor workers were positively correlated with urinary total As metabolite (As(III) + As(V) + MMA + DMA) concentrations. Furthermore, urinary excretion of 8-OHdG concentrations in As-exposed workers were positively associated with urinary excretion of MMA concentrations and primary methylation index values (the ration of MMA/inorganic As). However, fingernail and hair samples did not perform as well as urinary samples to measure oxidative stress induced by As exposure. 8-OHdG could serve as a more reliable biomarker for assessing As methylation than MDA did. Occupational exposure to inorganic As was associated with increased oxidative stress among semiconductor workers.

Decreased paraoxonase 1 activity and increased oxidative stress in low lead−exposed workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1196-1203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thinnakorn Permpongpaiboon ◽  
Amar Nagila ◽  
Phannee Pidetcha ◽  
Kulwadee Tuangmungsakulchai ◽  
Soontharee Tantrarongroj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Stress Parameters

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been proposed as an antioxidant enzyme. Although lead-inhibited PON1 activity has been demonstrated mostly based on in vitro experiments, it is uncertain whether this phenomenon is relevant in pathogenesis of lead-induced oxidative stress in the lead exposure. We examined associations of blood lead levels (BLL) and PON1 activity along with oxidative stress parameters in lead exposure workers. We determined malondialdehyde (MDA), conjugated diene (CD), total peroxides (TP), total antioxidant status (TAS), the oxidative stress index (OSI), and PON1 activity in earthenware factory workers ( n = 60) and control subjects ( n = 65). The lead-exposed group significantly increased lipid peroxidation parameters and OSI compared to the control group ( p < 0.001). The lead-exposed group had significantly decreased PON1 activity and TAS levels compared to the control group ( p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that BLL were significantly correlated with decreased TAS ( r = −0.496) and PON1 activity ( r = −0.434), but with increased CD ( r = 0.694), TP ( r = 0.614), MDA ( r = 0.788), and OSI ( r = 0.722). Interestingly, BLL at 10 µg/dL significantly decreased PON1 activity and increased oxidative stress parameters with insignificant changes in other biochemical and hematological parameters. Altogether, the reduction of PON1 activity may associate in an imbalance in pro-oxidants and antioxidants, leading to oxidative damage in lead-exposed workers even at low BLL.

scholarly journals Tinnitus in Noise Exposed Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Hong Du ◽  
Zhuang Shen ◽  
Hongyan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Past History ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers

Abstract Background Tinnitus in noise exposed workers is worse, which seriously affects the normal life and work. Workers with tinnitus often complain that even going to see the doctor is ineffective. They think tinnitus is caused by occupational noise exposure, which makes tinnitus worse. To find the truth the investigation and analysis of tinnitus including reason, treatment and effect and hearing level was proceeded among all noise-exposed workers in railway transportation mechanical manufacturers in Beijing in 2015. Methods Cross-section study was conducted. 519 noise-exposed workers were selected as exposed group, 515 non noise-exposed workers were selected as control group. Self-designed questionnaire was used in the way of face-to-face to get subjects’ information including social statistical data, occupational history, past history and living habits. Results The incidence of tinnitus was 36.6% among noise-exposed workers, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 40.725, P < 0.05). Meanwhile the incidence of seeing the doctor was 15.8%. The incidence of tinnitus was significantly different in different subgroups of exposed group (χ2 = 6.072, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between using earphones and tinnitus (P > 0.05). In the exposed group the incidence of hearing abnormal in workers with tinnitus was significantly higher than those without tinnitus (χ2 = 18.570, P < 0.05). Conclusions Right knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) would be helpful for workers with tinnitus. Occupational health education and supervision of noise-exposed workers should be further strengthened in this industry. Personal protection should be enhanced so as to improve occupational health.

scholarly journals Association between H3K36me3 modification and methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PAH-exposed workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Xiumei Xing ◽  
Zhini He ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Ziying Mo ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Mgmt Expression ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract To explore the epigenetic alterations in response to DNA damage following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and the crosstalk between different epigenetic regulations, we examined trimethylated Lys 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3) and methylation of ‘long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1)’ and ‘O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)’ in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) of 173 coke oven workers (PAH-exposed group) and 94 non-exposed workers (control group). The PAH-exposed group showed higher internal PAH exposure level, enhanced DNA damage and increased MGMT expression (all P &lt; 0.001). Notably, the methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT decreased by 3.9 and 40.8%, respectively, while H3K36me3 level was 1.7 times higher in PBLCs of PAH-exposed group compared to control group (all P &lt; 0.001). These three epigenetic marks were significantly associated with DNA damage degree (all P &lt; 0.001) and PAH exposure level in a dose–response manner (all P &lt; 0.001). LINE-1 hypomethylation is correlated with enhanced H3K36me3 modification (β = −0.198, P = 0.002), indicating a synergistic effect between histone modification and DNA methylation at the whole genome level. In addition, MGMT expression was positively correlated with H3K36me3 modification (r = 0.253, P &lt; 0.001), but not negatively correlated with MGMT methylation (r = 0.202, P &lt; 0.05). The in vitro study using human bronchial epithelial cells treated with the organic extract of coke oven emissions confirmed that H3K36me3 is important for MGMT expression following PAH exposure. In summary, our study indicates that histone modification and DNA methylation might have synergistic effects on DNA damage induced by PAH exposure at the whole genome level and H3K36me3 is more essential for MGMT expression during the course.

scholarly journals Influence of exposure to pesticides on liver enzymes and cholinesterase levels in male agriculture workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Liver Functions

<div> <p>human health and the environment. The study aimed to explore the effects of exposure to pesticides on the liver functions and acetycholinesterase levels in serum (AChES) and red blood cells (AChER) of 100 male participating in agricultural work ranging in age between 20 and 60 year with mean age 37.11&plusmn;9.3. One hundred males matched for age and socio economic status were recruited as a control group to compare levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilriubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, AChES and AChER. The results indicate that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) increased in pesticide-exposed workers compared with control. There was also a highly significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01) decrease in AChER among male agriculture workers compared with controls. At 10 - 50 times of pesticides applications there was a significantly (<em>P&lt;</em>0.05) decrease in AChER and increase in AST, ALT and ALP activity among exposed group. However, there was a negative correlation between AST, ALT, direct bilirubin, and AChES and age among control group and a positive correlation between ALT and AST and age among exposed group. According to the number of pesticide application, there was a positive correlation between AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and number of pesticide application. Agricultural villages in Egypt require more attention to decrease the percentage of literacy among the farmers and raise their health awareness.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Thyroid Function and Oxidative Stress State in Foundry Workers Exposed to Lead

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
pp. 200903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosri A. Fahim ◽  
Nevin E. Sharaf ◽  
Ibrahim W. Hasani ◽  
Eman A. Ragab ◽  
Heba K. Abdelhakim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Foundry Workers

Background. Exposure to lead (Pb) has been associated with endocrine, hematological, gastrointestinal, renal and neurological problems in humans. However, effects on the thyroid gland are controversial. Objectives. The aim of the present study was to assess thyroid function in foundry workers occupationally exposed to Pb and the mechanism of oxidative-antioxidant imbalance. Methods. Thyroid function parameters and markers of oxidative stress were examined in 59 adult males who had been occupationally exposed to Pb. The results were then compared to those of 28 male subjects who had no history of Pb exposure or thyroid abnormalities and served as a control group. Results. Mean blood lead levels (16.5±1.74 μg/dl) were significantly higher among the exposed workers compared to those of the control group (12.8±1.16 μg/dl, (p <0.001)). The exposed group had significantly increased free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and significantly decreased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (1.77±0.44 μIU/ml), whereas the control group had a TSH level of 2.61±0.94 μIU/ml (p< 0.0001). A state of oxidative stress was indicated by the significant increase in mean levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) (p < 0.0001). There was a significant positive correlation (r=0.358, p <0.05) between blood lead levels (BLL) and duration of employment, while BLL showed a significant negative correlation with TSH (r =−0.486, p <0.001), and GSH (r =−0.336, p <0.05). Of the occupationally exposed workers, 32.76% had elevated thyroid hormones. The results showed a significant positive relationship between GSH and TSH (β coefficient=0.274, p < 0.05), MDA with FT3 (β coefficient=0.355, p < 0.05) and FT4 (β coefficient = 0.491, p < 0.0001) among exposed workers. Conclusions. Workers exposed to Pb dust proved to be at risk for hyperthyroidism, which was found to have a significant role in oxidative–antioxidant imbalance present among workers with increasing duration of exposure. Participant Consent. Obtained Ethics Approval. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the National Research Centre in Egypt (NRC) under the registration number 15225. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Pulmonary Function Study in Female Grinders Exposed to Agate Dust

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh K. Rastogi ◽  
Brahma N. Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Mathur ◽  
Tanveer Husain ◽  
Prakash N. Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Important Observation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers

This paper reports a cross-sectional study of a non-smoking population of silica exposed female workers compared with a group of healthy non-exposed females. The exposed group is divided into cohorts according to the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in either simple or complex form. The study revealed statistically significant difference in pulmonary function between each of the pneumoconiosis group and the controls and healthy exposed workers. Furthermore, there was statistically significant difference between the values of pulmonary function parameters of the healthy exposed group and the controls. The most important observation of the study is that almost equal decrement of pulmonary function values was observed in the diseased groups and in the healthy exposed group compared to the decrement seen between the latter group and the control group. VC and FVC showed a mean fall of 11.0 and 11.5% in the healthy exposed group as compared to those observed in the unexposed controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) while in the pneumoconiosis group VC and FVC showed 16.9 and 18.2% decrease as compared with the values obtained in the healthy grinders (p < 0.01). Similarly FEV1 showed almost same decrease in the healthy (17.9%) and diseased (20.7%) exposed groups (p < 0.001). However, FEV0.75 and MVV parameters showed greater decrement (25.4 and 33.7%) in the pneumoconiosis group as compared to 15.7 and 18.5% observed in the healthy exposed workers. The important observation made in this study is that potential pulmonary debilitation may occur in pneumoconiosis before, or in the absence of, any radiologic findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateheya Metwally ◽  
Manal Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Urine Levels

Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed WorkersThe mechanism of aluminium-induced cytotoxicity has not yet been defined. This study investigated possible changes in essential elements in workers occupationally exposed to Al fumes. It included 60 exposed workers and a matching control group of 60 employees not occupationally exposed to Al. Mean serum copper, calcium, zinc and iron were significantly lower in the exposed group than in controls. In addition, mean plasma and urine levels of Al were significantly higher in the exposed employees than in the controls. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between plasma and urinary Al and the studied essential elements. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that Al exposure has an adverse effect on essential elements in humans, with subsequent impact on the cellular enzymatic and metabolic processes.

Occupational pathogenesis of chlorine

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
S. Badulici ◽  
A. Freilich ◽  
N. Bica ◽  
M. Chirila
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

AbstractThe occupational pathogenesis of chlorine in exposed workers are described and compared with the classic pathogenesis.4,5 The exposed group consisted of 82 men with occupational exposure to chlorine. The control group consisted of 46 men who were not exposed, all of them working in the same cellulose processing factory. The exposed group had the symptoms of the classical pathogenesis to a highly significant degree (p<0.001) compared to the unexposed control group.We found a number of symptoms, signs, disorders and syndromes which are not described in the classical pathogenesis, including: diminished tolerance to alcohol, back pain, pains in the joints dependent on weather conditions, dependent oedema, diminished taste sensitivity, persistent chronic hepatitis, hepatic steatofibrosis, chronic obstructive airways disease, polycythaemia with haemosiderosis and chronic conjunctivitis.The intensity of symptoms and signs was in direct proportion to the duration of exposure to chlorine.

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