scholarly journals Influence of exposure to pesticides on liver enzymes and cholinesterase levels in male agriculture workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1006-1015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Direct Bilirubin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Liver Functions

<div> <p>human health and the environment. The study aimed to explore the effects of exposure to pesticides on the liver functions and acetycholinesterase levels in serum (AChES) and red blood cells (AChER) of 100 male participating in agricultural work ranging in age between 20 and 60 year with mean age 37.11&plusmn;9.3. One hundred males matched for age and socio economic status were recruited as a control group to compare levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilriubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein, AChES and AChER. The results indicate that AST, ALT and ALP were significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) increased in pesticide-exposed workers compared with control. There was also a highly significantly (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01) decrease in AChER among male agriculture workers compared with controls. At 10 - 50 times of pesticides applications there was a significantly (<em>P&lt;</em>0.05) decrease in AChER and increase in AST, ALT and ALP activity among exposed group. However, there was a negative correlation between AST, ALT, direct bilirubin, and AChES and age among control group and a positive correlation between ALT and AST and age among exposed group. According to the number of pesticide application, there was a positive correlation between AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin and number of pesticide application. Agricultural villages in Egypt require more attention to decrease the percentage of literacy among the farmers and raise their health awareness.&nbsp;</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Increased oxidative stress and plasma Hsp70 levels among gasoline filling station attendants

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xia ◽  
Kangcheng Chen ◽  
Yingnan Lv ◽  
Damin Huang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Exposed Workers

Objectives: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) and is used as an antiknock agent and octane enhancer in gasoline. In this article, we tested the oxidative stress and heat stress protein (Hsp) 70 levels of gasoline station attendants to explore potential plasma biomarkers. Furthermore, the dose–response relationship was also identified. Methods: A total of 144 workers, including 96 petrol fillers and 48 cashiers, participated in the study. Ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and Mn were monitored at nine filling stations. During the measuring process, the individual cumulative exposure index was calculated. Plasma oxidative stress and Hsp70 levels were also analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The BTEX time-weighted average in office areas was significantly lower than in refuelling areas ( p < 0.05). In refuelling areas, the content of Mn ranged from 6.44 μg/m3 to 127.34 μg/m3, which was much higher than that in office areas (3.16–7.22 μg/m3; p < 0.05). Exposed workers had significantly different plasma oxidative stress indicators compared with the control group, respectively: superoxide dismutase (SOD), 39.18 ± 6.05 U/mL versus 52.84 ± 3.87 U/mL; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 186.07 ± 15.63 U versus 194.38 ± 10.42 U; and malondialdehyde (MDA), 1.68 ± 0.52 nmol/L versus 1.43 ± 0.64 nmol/L (in all comparisons, p < 0.05). Plasma Hsp70 level in the exposed group (2.77 ± 0.64 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.87 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Furthermore, Hsp70 levels were inversely correlated with the activities of SOD ( r = −0.305) and GSH-Px ( r = −0.302) in the exposed group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation ( r = 0.653) was found between plasma Hsp70 levels and plasma MDA levels ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to MMT-containing gasoline may result in increasing reactive oxygen stress among filling station attendants. Plasma Hsp70 levels could be used as a sensitive responsive biomarker for exposed workers.

scholarly journals Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma H. Rizk ◽  
Samah A. Elshweikh ◽  
Amira Y. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Group Ii

Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.

scholarly journals Tinnitus in Noise Exposed Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Jianping Yu ◽  
Hong Du ◽  
Zhuang Shen ◽  
Hongyan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Past History ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers

Abstract Background Tinnitus in noise exposed workers is worse, which seriously affects the normal life and work. Workers with tinnitus often complain that even going to see the doctor is ineffective. They think tinnitus is caused by occupational noise exposure, which makes tinnitus worse. To find the truth the investigation and analysis of tinnitus including reason, treatment and effect and hearing level was proceeded among all noise-exposed workers in railway transportation mechanical manufacturers in Beijing in 2015. Methods Cross-section study was conducted. 519 noise-exposed workers were selected as exposed group, 515 non noise-exposed workers were selected as control group. Self-designed questionnaire was used in the way of face-to-face to get subjects’ information including social statistical data, occupational history, past history and living habits. Results The incidence of tinnitus was 36.6% among noise-exposed workers, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 40.725, P < 0.05). Meanwhile the incidence of seeing the doctor was 15.8%. The incidence of tinnitus was significantly different in different subgroups of exposed group (χ2 = 6.072, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between using earphones and tinnitus (P > 0.05). In the exposed group the incidence of hearing abnormal in workers with tinnitus was significantly higher than those without tinnitus (χ2 = 18.570, P < 0.05). Conclusions Right knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) would be helpful for workers with tinnitus. Occupational health education and supervision of noise-exposed workers should be further strengthened in this industry. Personal protection should be enhanced so as to improve occupational health.

scholarly journals Association between H3K36me3 modification and methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT in peripheral blood lymphocytes of PAH-exposed workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Xiumei Xing ◽  
Zhini He ◽  
Ziwei Wang ◽  
Ziying Mo ◽  
Liping Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Mgmt Expression ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
Genome Level

Abstract To explore the epigenetic alterations in response to DNA damage following polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and the crosstalk between different epigenetic regulations, we examined trimethylated Lys 36 of histone H3 (H3K36me3) and methylation of ‘long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1)’ and ‘O 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)’ in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLCs) of 173 coke oven workers (PAH-exposed group) and 94 non-exposed workers (control group). The PAH-exposed group showed higher internal PAH exposure level, enhanced DNA damage and increased MGMT expression (all P &lt; 0.001). Notably, the methylation of LINE-1 and MGMT decreased by 3.9 and 40.8%, respectively, while H3K36me3 level was 1.7 times higher in PBLCs of PAH-exposed group compared to control group (all P &lt; 0.001). These three epigenetic marks were significantly associated with DNA damage degree (all P &lt; 0.001) and PAH exposure level in a dose–response manner (all P &lt; 0.001). LINE-1 hypomethylation is correlated with enhanced H3K36me3 modification (β = −0.198, P = 0.002), indicating a synergistic effect between histone modification and DNA methylation at the whole genome level. In addition, MGMT expression was positively correlated with H3K36me3 modification (r = 0.253, P &lt; 0.001), but not negatively correlated with MGMT methylation (r = 0.202, P &lt; 0.05). The in vitro study using human bronchial epithelial cells treated with the organic extract of coke oven emissions confirmed that H3K36me3 is important for MGMT expression following PAH exposure. In summary, our study indicates that histone modification and DNA methylation might have synergistic effects on DNA damage induced by PAH exposure at the whole genome level and H3K36me3 is more essential for MGMT expression during the course.

Pulmonary Function Study in Female Grinders Exposed to Agate Dust

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh K. Rastogi ◽  
Brahma N. Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Mathur ◽  
Tanveer Husain ◽  
Prakash N. Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Important Observation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers

This paper reports a cross-sectional study of a non-smoking population of silica exposed female workers compared with a group of healthy non-exposed females. The exposed group is divided into cohorts according to the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in either simple or complex form. The study revealed statistically significant difference in pulmonary function between each of the pneumoconiosis group and the controls and healthy exposed workers. Furthermore, there was statistically significant difference between the values of pulmonary function parameters of the healthy exposed group and the controls. The most important observation of the study is that almost equal decrement of pulmonary function values was observed in the diseased groups and in the healthy exposed group compared to the decrement seen between the latter group and the control group. VC and FVC showed a mean fall of 11.0 and 11.5% in the healthy exposed group as compared to those observed in the unexposed controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) while in the pneumoconiosis group VC and FVC showed 16.9 and 18.2% decrease as compared with the values obtained in the healthy grinders (p < 0.01). Similarly FEV1 showed almost same decrease in the healthy (17.9%) and diseased (20.7%) exposed groups (p < 0.001). However, FEV0.75 and MVV parameters showed greater decrement (25.4 and 33.7%) in the pneumoconiosis group as compared to 15.7 and 18.5% observed in the healthy exposed workers. The important observation made in this study is that potential pulmonary debilitation may occur in pneumoconiosis before, or in the absence of, any radiologic findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateheya Metwally ◽  
Manal Mazhar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Serum Copper ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Occupationally Exposed ◽  
Urine Levels

Effect of Aluminium on the Levels of Some Essential Elements in Occupationally Exposed WorkersThe mechanism of aluminium-induced cytotoxicity has not yet been defined. This study investigated possible changes in essential elements in workers occupationally exposed to Al fumes. It included 60 exposed workers and a matching control group of 60 employees not occupationally exposed to Al. Mean serum copper, calcium, zinc and iron were significantly lower in the exposed group than in controls. In addition, mean plasma and urine levels of Al were significantly higher in the exposed employees than in the controls. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between plasma and urinary Al and the studied essential elements. These findings corroborate the hypothesis that Al exposure has an adverse effect on essential elements in humans, with subsequent impact on the cellular enzymatic and metabolic processes.

Occupational pathogenesis of chlorine

1994 ◽  
Vol 83 (03) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
S. Badulici ◽  
A. Freilich ◽  
N. Bica ◽  
M. Chirila
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

AbstractThe occupational pathogenesis of chlorine in exposed workers are described and compared with the classic pathogenesis.4,5 The exposed group consisted of 82 men with occupational exposure to chlorine. The control group consisted of 46 men who were not exposed, all of them working in the same cellulose processing factory. The exposed group had the symptoms of the classical pathogenesis to a highly significant degree (p<0.001) compared to the unexposed control group.We found a number of symptoms, signs, disorders and syndromes which are not described in the classical pathogenesis, including: diminished tolerance to alcohol, back pain, pains in the joints dependent on weather conditions, dependent oedema, diminished taste sensitivity, persistent chronic hepatitis, hepatic steatofibrosis, chronic obstructive airways disease, polycythaemia with haemosiderosis and chronic conjunctivitis.The intensity of symptoms and signs was in direct proportion to the duration of exposure to chlorine.

scholarly journals Assessing the suitability of 8-OHdG and micronuclei as genotoxic biomarkers in chromate-exposed workers: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. e005979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yongen Gu ◽  
Shanfa Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Jinglin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Positive Correlations

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate suitable conditions of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and micronucleus (MN) as genotoxic biomarkers at different levels of occupational chromate exposure.DesignA cross-sectional study was used.Participants84 workers who were exposed to chromate for at least 1 year were chosen as the chromate exposed group, while 30 non-exposed individuals were used as controls.Main outcome measuresEnvironmental and biological exposure to chromate was respectively assessed by measuring the concentration of chromate in the air (CrA) and blood (CrB) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) in all participants. MN indicators, including micronucleus cell count (MNCC), micro-nucleus count (MNC), nuclear bridge (NPB) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were calculated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus test (CBMN), while the urinary 8-OHdG was measured by the ELISA method and normalised by the concentration of Cre.ResultsCompared with the control group, the levels of CrA, CrB, MNCC, MNC and 8-OHdG in the chromate-exposed group were all significantly higher (p<0.05). There were positive correlations between log(8-OHdG) and LnMNCC or LnMNC (r=0.377 and 0.362). The levels of LnMNCC, LnMNC and log (8-OHdG) all have parabola correlations with the concentration of CrB. However, there was a significantly positive correlation between log (8-OHdG) and CrB when the CrB level was below 10.50 µg/L (r=0.355), while a positive correlation was also found between LnMNCC or LnMNC and CrB when the CrB level was lower than 9.10 µg/L (r=0.365 and 0.269, respectively).ConclusionsMN and 8-OHdG can be used as genotoxic biomarkers in the chromate-exposed group, but it is only when CrB levels are lower than 9.10 and 10.50 µg/L, respectively, that they can accurately reflect the degree of genetic damage.

scholarly journals Respiratory, Hepatic, Renal and Hematological Disorders Among Adolescent Females Environmentally Exposed To Pesticides, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaafar Mohamed Abdel-Rasoul ◽  
Eman Abdel-Azeem Salem ◽  
Olfat Mohamed Hendy ◽  
Diane S Rohlman ◽  
Asmaa Abdel-Rehim Abdel-Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Group Post

Abstract Adolescent females are often environmentally exposed to pesticides by living near agricultural fields, by using pesticides at home, or by having contact with contaminated clothes and pesticide application work tools. This study assessed respiratory, hepatic, renal and hematological health disorders that might arise due to environmental exposure to pesticides among adolescent females. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 adolescent females environmentally exposed to pesticides who had one or more of their family members working as seasonal pesticides' applicators and 50 non- exposed (control) adolescent females from Menoufia governorate, Egypt. The studied period of pesticide application season of cotton crop was from May 1st to the end of September 2017. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire about pesticide exposure and respiratory, hepatic, renal and hematological disorders. In addition, serum acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), spirometry, complete blood count, liver and kidney functions' tests were measured pre and post pesticide application season. The control adolescent females had a higher AChE activity, a lower prevalence of respiratory symptoms and higher means of spirometric measurements than the exposed group. During the pre and postseason, the exposed group presented a prevalence of (6%, 24%) for cough, (4%, 11%) for rhinitis, and (6%, 26%) for dyspnea during the pre and postseason; respectively. In addition, there was a decrease in means of spirometric measurements (FEV1%, FEV1/FVC%, FEF 25-75% and PEF%) in post season compared to preseason among the exposed group. Also, there were significant associations between (AChE) activity and both the prevalence of respiratory manifestations and spirometric measurements among the exposed females. On the other hand, there were significantly increased red blood corpuscles (RBCs) and lymphocytes counts, and a significantly lower mean hemoglobin level among the exposed group (post season) than each of their pre-season values and the control group (P<0.05). AChE level, total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio levels were significantly lower, while SGPT, SGOT, and globulin, blood urea and serum creatinine mean levels were significantly higher among the exposed group (post season) than either of their pre-season or the control group (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between AChE level and all studied CBC parameters for the exposed group reaching a significant level with basophils (P<0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation between AChE level and each of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, globulin, blood urea and serum creatinine for the exposed group reaching a significant level with each of SGPT and SGOT (P<0.05). At the same time, a non-significant positive correlation was found between AChE level and each of total protein, albumin and A/G ratio (P>0.05). So, environmental exposure to organophosphorus pesticides has a detrimental impact on respiratory, hepatic, renal and hematological systems of adolescent females living in rural districts at Menoufia governorate. Educational and training intervention programs on pesticide handling and safety precautions are recommended for protecting both pesticides' workers and their family members who might be exposed.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic effects of organic solvents among workers in paint and lacquer manufacturing industry

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovica Jovanovic ◽  
Milan Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Exposed Workers ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

Introduction Organic solvents are chemically different compounds with one common feature: they dissolve fats, oils, resins, cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, which makes them widely used in industry. Most often organic solvents are used in paint and lacquer industries, in production of pesticides, plastics, explosives, rubber, cellulose, air conditioners, in pharmaceutical industry and in leather industry. The aim of this research was to analyze the working environment and professional hazards in paint and lacquer manufacturing industry and evaluate effects of chronic exposure to mixture of organic solvents on nervous system of exposed workers. Methodology The exposed group consisted of 50 workers professionally exposed to these noxae, while the control group consisted of 30 workers who have never been exposed to these noxae. Results Examination of working environment in departments of paint and lacquer manufacturing revealed presence of white spirit and toluene above allowed levels. Exposed workers more frequently complained of fatigue, hand numbness, enhanced excitation, and concentration difficulties, forgetfulness and headaches, than workers from the control group. Electroneurographic examination of n. medianus showed reduced motor and sensitive conduction velocity among exposed in comparison to workers from the control group. Reduced motor and sensitive conduction velocity was correlated with duration of exposure to these noxae. Terminal latency of n. medianus was statistically, significantly longer in the exposed group than in the control group. Workers in the exposed group have statistically significantly longer reaction time in response to acoustic and visual stimuli. Discussion Segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration, as forms of damage to peripheral nerves, were identified as responsible for peripheral neuropathy associated with occupational exposure to organic solvents. Conclusion Results of this study show possible neurotoxic effects of noxae detected in the phase of analysis of working conditions and working environment of examined workers.

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