Study of Serum Levels, Venous Irritation and Gastrointestinal Side-effects with Intravenous Erythromycin Lactobionate in Patients with Bronchopulmonary Infection

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Marlin ◽  
P.J. Thompson ◽  
C.R. Jenkins ◽  
K.R. Burgess ◽  
D.A.J. LaFranier
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fourth Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Spasmolytic Agents ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Infection ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Venous Irritation ◽  
Erythromycin Lactobionate

1 Sixteen patients with bronchopulmonary infection received 500 mg erythromycin lactobionate by intravenous infusion every 8 h for 2 days. The duration of infusion was either 30 (8 patients) or 60 min (8 patients). An inline filterset (0.22 μm) was included in the intravenous administration set in 4 patients of each infusion group. 2 Serum erythromycin levels were obtained before and at various times for 8 h after the first and fourth doses and before and immediately after the other doses. The incidence and severity of venous irritation and gastrointestinal side-effects were assessed. 3 Mean (S.D.) peak erythromycin levels for the 30 min infusion were 26.31 (6.89) μg/ml (first dose) and 26.85 (6.11) μg/ml (fourth dose) and for the 60min infusions, 23.96 (7.91) μg/ml (first dose) and 23.65 (6.55) μg/ml (fourth dose). 4 Venous irritation was experienced by 12 patients, ranging from localized discomfort to thrombophlebitis, but the severity was significantly reduced by inline filtration (P < 0.005). 5 Gastrointestinal side-effects were reported by 8 patients and 1 patient withdrew because of severe abdominal pain and nausea. These symptoms were usually relieved by spasmolytic agents and possibly could be explained by high concentrations reaching the gut wall either by biliary excretion or direct transport from blood and stimulating smooth muscle motility.

scholarly journals The Pharmacology of Chewable Versus Regular Carbamazepine in Chronically Treated Children With Epilepsy

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Camfield ◽  
Paul Hwang ◽  
Carol Camfield ◽  
Albert Fraser ◽  
Steven Soldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trough Levels

ABSTRACT:We report the first comparison of Chewable and Regular Carbamazepine (CBZ) tablets in children with epilepsy. Forty-four children receiving chronic monotherapy CBZ participated. In month 1 children received regular CBZ; in month 2, the same dose of Chewable CBZ. Once per week fasting predose CBZ and CBZ epoxide serum levels were determined. In a subset of 15 children, at the end of each month serum levels were obtained every 2 hours for 12 hours beginning pre-dose. Standards for CBZ and CBZ epoxide were tested in each centre. Overall, weekly levels showed no consistent differences between the month on chewable CBZ and regular CBZ. Seizure control and rates of reported side effects were similar. In five patients chewable CBZ produced higher peak CBZ levels while five had higher peaks with regular CBZ. In conclusion, regular and chewable CBZ often have unpredictable differences in peak but not trough levels of CBZ suggesting that peak level side effects with one form of CBZ might be alleviated by changing to the other.

Preliminary Observations on Intravenous Idarubicin (4-Demethoxydaunorubicin) in the Chronic and Accelerated Phase of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

1986 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Battista ◽  
Anna D'Emilio ◽  
Michele Vespignani ◽  
Maria A. Pacciarini ◽  
Enrico Dini
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Experimental Tumor ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Major Reduction

The study included 13 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (8 in the chronic phase with high WBC counts at onset, and 5 in the accelerated phase, poorly responding to conventional drugs for the chronic phase). They were treated with 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (idarubicin), a new anthracycline analog more active than daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin (DX) in experimental tumor models which offers a higher therapeutic index than existing anthracyclines. Idarubicin was administered i.v. at the dose of 8 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5. All patients in the chronic phase (8/8) developed significant leukopenia. Five of these 8 patients showed complete reduction of splenomegaly, and 4 of hepatomegaly as well. In all the other cases, hepato-splenomegaly was reduced by more than 70%. Three of the 5 patients in the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia also showed massive cytolysis. More important, all of them showed complete or major reduction of hepato-splenomegaly and renewed responsiveness to conventional drugs for the chronic phase of the disease. Idarubicin was fairly well tolerated by all patients with only minor gastrointestinal side effects and no liver damage or acute cardiotoxic effects. These findings indicate that idarubicin – although it cannot replace established drugs for the chronic phase of the disease – represents an added therapeutic resource for producing rapid cytolysis at onset and, above all, in the accelerated phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia.

scholarly journals A case of denosumab-associated hyperparathyroidism: A differential diagnostic challenge

2021 ◽  
pp. 024-025
Author(s):  
Taşkıran Emin ◽  
Şahin Sevnaz ◽  
Savaş Sumru ◽  
Saraç Zeliha Fulden ◽  
Akçiçek Selahattin Fehmi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Denosumab is a relatively new medicine that has become the second option in the treatment of biphosphonate-resistant or intolerant osteoporosis. Subcutaneous injection with 6-month intervals, approval of its usage in stage 3-4 CKD and not having gastrointestinal side effects are advantages of denosumab. However, it has some disadvantages like requiring monitoring serum levels of calcium and vitamin D before each injection.

Experience with sulphamethoxazole (SMZ)/trimethoprim (TMP) combination in purulent meningitis not responding to conventional microbial therapy

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sumarmo Sumarmo ◽  
Mugiyo K. ◽  
Mandoyono Mandoyono ◽  
Lauritha S. P. ◽  
Adji Suntoro
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Renal Function Test ◽  
Purulent Meningitis ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Tell infants ranging in age from two days to nine months with purulent meningitis who were considered therapeutic failures after conventional microbial therapy (i.e. ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikin, cloxacillin in any combination) were included in this study. A solution consisting of SMZ 80 mg/mL and TMP 16 mg/mL in propylene glycol (Bactrilll, Hoffman-La Roche A.G. Basle/Switzerland) was given intravenously to the patients. The daily dose was 10 mg/kg BW TMP/24 hours for the first three days followed by 6 mg/kg BW TMP/24 hours divided in two doses given intravenously every 12 hours.Nine patients recovered, 7 of them rapidly within 10 - 21 days after SMZ/TMP administration and the other 2 patients within 27 and 33 days respectively. One infant improved but died afterwards of complicatIons not related to the treatment.No hematological nor cutaneous and gastrointestinal side effects were observed. The liver and renal function test performed on 3 out of 10 cases on the first few days of the commencement of treatment and 3 weeks later, were all within normal limits.Our experience with the use of parenteral SMZ/TMP in infants with bacterial meningitis not responding to conventional microbial therapy gave encouraging results.

Sulfinpyrazone or Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Postoperative Thrombus Formation in Arteriovenous Fistulas of Haemodialysis Patients

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Albert ◽  
U Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Antithrombotic Efficacy

The effect of sulfinpyrazone (200 mg three times a day) and acetylsalicylic acid (500 mg three times a day) on the incidence of thrombosis of arteriovenous shunts was investigated in a controlled clinical trial. In 36 patients with chronic renal failure scheduled to begin haemodialysis the same operating team constructed a subcutaneous fistula in the distal forearm. During the first six weeks after the operation the antithrombotic efficacy proved to be good for both substances. No differences of thrombotic events between the two treatment groups were statistically significant. But in contrast to acetylsalicylic acid sulfinpyrazone made no significant inhibition of platelet - aggregation; sulfinpyrazone probably will prevent the clot formation by prolonging the shortened platelet survival in uraemic patients. In a high rate of patients given acetylsalicylic acid (10 out of 17) there were local bleeding and gastrointestinal side effects. In consequence we should prefer sulfinpyrazone, because in the sulfinpyrazone group side effects were minimal and in none patient withdrawal from the study was necessitated.

scholarly journals Metals in Calluna vulgaris, Empetrum nigrum, Festuca vivipara and Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus in the geothermal areas of Iceland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rajsz ◽  
Bronisław Wojtuń ◽  
Aleksandra Samecka-Cymerman ◽  
Paweł Wąsowicz ◽  
Lucyna Mróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Bioaccumulation Factor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Extreme Situation ◽  
Empetrum Nigrum ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Festuca Vivipara

AbstractThis investigation was conducted to identify the content of metals in Calluna vulgaris (family Ericaceae), Empetrum nigrum (family Ericaceae), Festuca vivipara (family Poaceae) and Thymus praecox subsp. arcticus (family Lamiaceae), as well as in the soils where they were growing in eight geothermal heathlands in Iceland. Investigation into the vegetation of geothermal areas is crucial and may contribute to their proper protection in the future and bring more understanding under what conditions the plants respond to an ecologically more extreme situation. Plants from geothermally active sites were enriched with metals as compared to the same species from non-geothermal control sites (at an average from about 150 m from geothermal activity). The enriched metals consisted of Cd, Co, Cu, Fe and Ni in C. vulgaris; Cd, Mn and Ti in E. nigrum; Hg and Pb in F. vivipara; and Cd, Fe and Hg in T. praecox. Notably, C. vulgaris, E. nigrum, F. vivipara and T. praecox had remarkably high concentrations of Ti at levels typical of toxicity thresholds. Cd and Pb (except for C. vulgaris and F. vivipara) were not accumulated in the shoots of geothermal plants. C. vulgaris from geothermal and control sites was characterised by the highest bioaccumulation factor (BF) of Ti and Mn; E. nigrum and F. vivipara by the highest BF of Ti and Cr; and T. praecox by the highest BF of Ti and Zn compared to the other elements. In comparison with the other examined species, F. vivipara from geothermal sites had the highest concentration of Ti in above-ground parts at any concentration of plant-available Ti in soil.

scholarly journals Oral Iron Supplementation—Gastrointestinal Side Effects and the Impact on the Gut Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Bloor ◽  
Rudolph Schutte ◽  
Anthony R. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Impact

Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a worldwide healthcare problem affecting approximately 25% of the global population. The most common IDA treatment is oral iron supplementation, which has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) side effects such as constipation and bloating. These can result in treatment non-adherence and the persistence of IDA. Intravenous iron does not cause GI side effects, which may be due to the lack of exposure to the intestinal lumen. Luminal iron can cause changes to the gut microbiota, aiding the promotion of pathogenic species and decreasing beneficial protective species. Iron is vital for methanogenic archaea, which rely on iron for growth and metabolism. Increased intestinal methane has been associated with slowing of intestinal transit, constipation, and bloating. Here we explore the literature to understand a potential link between iron and methanogenesis as a novel way to understand the mechanism of oral iron supplementation induced GI side effects.

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