Accounting for expertise: Wynne and the autonomy of the lay public actor

ABSTRACTA review of the educational literature on naive concepts about principles of chemistry and physics and surveys of science museum visitors reveal that people of all ages have robust alternative notions about the nature of atoms, matter, and bonding that persist despite formal science education experiences. Some confusion arises from the profound differences in the way that scientists and the lay public use terms such as materials, metals, liquids, models, function, matter, and bonding. Many models that eloquently articulate arrangements of atoms and molecules to informed scientists are not widely understood by lay people and may promote naive notions among the public. Shifts from one type of atomic model to another and changes in size scales are particularly confusing to learners. People's abilities to describe and understand the properties of materials are largely based on tangible experiences, and much of what students learn in school does not help them interpret their encounters with materials and phenomena in everyday life. Identification of these challenges will help educators better convey the principles of materials science and engineering to students, and will be particularly beneficial in the design of the Materials MicroWorld traveling museum exhibit.

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AHMAD DONISH IS A PROGRESSIVE PUBLIC ACTOR, DISTRIBUTOR OF ADVANCED IDEAS AND KNOWLEDGE

Journal of look to the past ◽

10.26739/2181-9599-2020-8-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 29-34

Author(s):

Shukhrat Bozorov ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Actor

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Oxytocin-Based Health Information Priming Does Not Impact Categorization of Others into Social Groups

10.31234/osf.io/tuqnk ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Miranda Lynn Groft ◽

Nathan Pistory ◽

Rachel Hardy ◽

Peter Joseph McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Social Behavior ◽

Pupil Dilation ◽

Popular Media ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

News Stories ◽

Written Information ◽

Race Politics ◽

Politics And Religion ◽

The Relationship ◽

Lay Public

With the proliferation of neuroscience-related messages in popular media, it is more important than ever to understand their impact on the lay public. Previous research has found that people believed news stories more when irrelevant neuroscientific explanations were added. We sought to reveal whether such information could cause a change in social behavior. Specifically, based on publicized findings of the relationship between social behavior and the neurotransmitter oxytocin, we proposed that participants would accept more strangers into their in-group, or alternatively decrease in-group size, if told that there were oxytocin-based (relative to psychological construct-based) health benefits for doing so. In two tasks, participants were shown faces and written information about stimuli that could match their race, politics, and religion to varying degrees. In spite of evidence that participants processed the primes, and were sensitive to their level of similarity with stimuli, oxytocin-based priming did not alter categorization, or pupil dilation. It did not alter cross-race viewing behavior, as measured by an eye tracker, in consistent ways. Unexpectedly, pupil dilation increased when viewing stimuli of the same religion, an effect entirely related to White liberal Christians viewing other Christians. Overall, these results suggest that neuroscience information may impact some judgments, but lay people will not alter their likelihood of acceptance of strangers simply because they were primed with a neuroscience- (or more specifically, neurotransmitter-) based reason for doing so.

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Science needs more external evaluation, not less

Social Science Information ◽

10.1177/05390184211019161 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 053901842110191

Author(s):

Loes Knaapen

Keyword(s):

Performance Metrics ◽

Well Being ◽

External Evaluation ◽

Public Servants ◽

Scientific Communities ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

The Public ◽

Quantitative Performance ◽

The Many ◽

Lay Public

When science is evaluated by bureaucrats and administrators, it is usually done by quantified performance metrics, for the purpose of economic productivity. Olof Hallonsten criticizes both the means (quantification) and purpose (economization) of such external evaluation. I share the concern that such neoliberal performance metrics are shallow, over-simplified and inaccurate, but differ in how best to oppose this reductionism. Hallonsten proposes to replace quantitative performance metrics with qualitative in-depth evaluation of science, which would keep evaluation internal to scientific communities. I argue that such qualitative internal evaluation will not be enough to challenge current external evaluation since it does little to counteract neoliberal politics, and fails to provide the accountability that science owes the public. To assure that the many worthy purposes of science (i.e. truth, democracy, well-being, justice) are valued and pursued, I argue science needs more and more diverse external evaluation. The diversification of science evaluation can go in many directions: towards both quantified performance metrics and qualitative internal assessments and beyond economic productivity to value science’s broader societal contributions. In addition to administrators and public servants, science evaluators must also include diverse counterpublics of scientists: civil society, journalists, interested lay public and scientists themselves. More diverse external evaluation is perhaps no more accurate than neoliberal quantified metrics, but by valuing the myriad contributions of science and the diversity of its producers and users, it is hopefully less partial and perhaps more just.

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The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons. A Contribution to the Neurosciences and Neurosurgery

Arquivos Brasileiros de Neurocirurgia Brazilian Neurosurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693722 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (03) ◽

pp. 250-252

Author(s):

Gilvan Aguiar da Silva ◽

Elton Gomes da Silva ◽

Seidel Guerra López

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Present Article ◽

Critical Review ◽

Current Issue ◽

Lower Number ◽

Neuroscience Research ◽

History Of ◽

Lay Public

AbstractIn the present article, we elaborate a critical review of the book “The Tale of the Dueling Neurosurgeons: The History of the Human Brain as Revealed by True Stories of Trauma, Madness, and Recovery”, written by Sam Kean. In our opinion, this book can contribute to the dissemination of neurosciences to the lay public, but it can also have an important role: to increase the interest of medicine students in neurosciences and research, since an increasingly lower number of students declare they have this interest. Thus, this book can be an important tool to deal with a pertinent and current issue under debate in the neuroscience research and neurosurgery communities.

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Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Response: There’s An App for That

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x15005099 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 486-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Daniel J. Bachmann ◽

Nathan K. Jamison ◽

Andrew Martin ◽

Jose Delgado ◽

Nicholas E. Kman

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Emergency Preparedness ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Value Relevance ◽

Disaster Medicine ◽

Care Providers ◽

Smartphone Applications ◽

High Quality ◽

Emergency Responders ◽

Lay Public

AbstractIntroductionSmartphone applications (or apps) are becoming increasingly popular with emergency responders and health care providers, as well as the public as a whole. There are thousands of medical apps available for Smartphones and tablet computers, with more added each day. These include apps to view textbooks, guidelines, medication databases, medical calculators, and radiology images.Hypothesis/ProblemWith an ever expanding catalog of apps that relate to disaster medicine, it is hard for both the lay public and responders to know where to turn for effective Smartphone apps. A systematic review of these apps was conducted.MethodsA search of the Apple iTunes store (Version 12; Apple Inc.; Cupertino, California USA) was performed using the following terms obtained from the PubMed Medical Subject Headings Database: Emergency Preparedness, Emergency Responders, Disaster, Disaster Planning, Disaster Medicine, Bioterrorism, Chemical Terrorism, Hazardous Materials (HazMat), and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). After excluding any unrelated apps, a working list of apps was formed and categorized based on topics. Apps were grouped based on applicability to responders, the lay public, or regional preparedness, and were then ranked based on iTunes user reviews, value, relevance to audience, and user interface.ResultsThis search revealed 683 applications and was narrowed to 219 based on relevance to the field. After grouping the apps as described above, and subsequently ranking them, the highest quality apps were determined from each group. The Community Emergency Response Teams and FEMA had the best apps for National Disaster Medical System responders. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) had high-quality apps for emergency responders in a variety of fields. The National Library of Medicine’s Wireless Information System for Emergency Responders (WISER) app was an excellent app for HazMat responders. The American Red Cross had the most useful apps for natural disasters. Numerous valuable apps for public use, including alert apps, educational apps, and a well-made regional app, were also identified.ConclusionSmartphone applications are fast becoming essential to emergency responders and the lay public. Many high-quality apps existing in various price ranges and serving different populations were identified. This field is changing rapidly and it deserves continued analysis as more apps are developed.BachmannDJ, JamisonNK, MartinA, DelgadoJ, KmanNE. Emergency preparedness and disaster response: there’s an app for that. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(5):1–5.

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The Credibility of the Catholic Church as Public Actor

New Blackfriars ◽

10.1111/nbfr.12011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 94 (1050) ◽

pp. 129-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas O'Loughlin

Keyword(s):

Catholic Church ◽

Public Actor ◽

The Catholic Church

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Virtual Geosite Communication through a WebGIS Platform: A Case Study from Santorini Island (Greece)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5466

Author(s):

Federico Pasquaré Mariotto ◽

Varvara Antoniou ◽

Kyriaki Drymoni ◽

Fabio Luca Bonali ◽

Paraskevi Nomikou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Scientific Community ◽

Earth Science ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Immersive Virtual Reality ◽

Geological Processes ◽

3D Exploration ◽

Effusive Eruptions ◽

Lay Public

We document and show a state-of-the-art methodology that could allow geoheritage sites (geosites) to become accessible to scientific and non-scientific audiences through immersive and non-immersive virtual reality applications. This is achieved through a dedicated WebGIS platform, particularly handy in communicating geoscience during the COVID-19 era. For this application, we selected nine volcanic outcrops in Santorini, Greece. The latter are mainly associated with several geological processes (e.g., dyking, explosive, and effusive eruptions). In particular, they have been associated with the famous Late Bronze Age (LBA) eruption, which made them ideal for geoheritage popularization objectives since they combine scientific and educational purposes with geotourism applications. Initially, we transformed these stunning volcanological outcrops into geospatial models—the so called virtual outcrops (VOs) here defined as virtual geosites (VGs)—through UAV-based photogrammetry and 3D modeling. In the next step, we uploaded them on an online platform that is fully accessible for Earth science teaching and communication. The nine VGs are currently accessible on a PC, a smartphone, or a tablet. Each one includes a detailed description and plenty of annotations available for the viewers during 3D exploration. We hope this work will be regarded as a forward model application for Earth sciences' popularization and make geoheritage open to the scientific community and the lay public.

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Ethical and legal issues in aesthetic surgery

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.4103/0970-0358.105973 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (03) ◽

pp. 547-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Suresh Gupta

Keyword(s):

Cosmetic Surgery ◽

Aesthetic Surgery ◽

General Medical Council ◽

Medical Council ◽

Criminal Proceedings ◽

The Past ◽

Supreme Court Of India ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

Ethical And Legal Issues ◽

Lay Public

ABSTRACTRapid growth and expansion of plastic surgery in general and aesthetic surgery in particular in the past decade has brought in its wake some confusions particularly raising questions for the surgeons conduct towards his colleagues and the patients in the light of ethical requirements. Some thoughts from eminent thinkers form a backdrop to consideration of theories of medical ethics. In this article raging and continuous debates on these subjects have been avoided to maintain the momentum. Apart from the western thoughts, directions from our old scriptures on ethical conduct have been included to accommodate prevelant Indian practices. The confusion created by specialists advertising their abilities directly to the lay public following removal of ethical bars by the American Courts as also latitudes allowed by the General Medical Council of Great Britain have been discussed. The medical fraternity however has its reservations. Unnecessary skirmishes with the law arose in cosmetic surgery from the freedom exercised by the police to file criminal proceedings against attending doctors in the event of a patient′s death with or without any evidence of wrong doing. This has now been curtailed in the judgement of the Supreme Court of India[1] where norms have been laid down for such prosecution. This has helped doctors to function without fear of harassment. An effort has been made to state a simple day-to-day routine for an ethical doctor-patient relationship.

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