scholarly journals Recent Findings on Cell-Based Therapies for COVID19-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972199621
Author(s):  
Hong-Meng Chuang ◽  
Li-Ing Ho ◽  
Horng-Jyh Harn ◽  
Ching-Ann Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Respiratory Tract Inflammation

COVID-19 has spread worldwide, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Italy, along with its site of origin in China, since 2020. The virus was first found in the Wuhan seafood market at the end of 2019, with a controversial source. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and respiratory tract inflammation, with some severe patients developing an acute and chronic lung injury, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). It has already claimed approximately 300 thousand human lives and the number is still on the rise; the only way to prevent the infection is to be safe till vaccines and reliable treatments develop. In previous studies, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical trials had been proven to be effective in immune modulation and tissue repair promotion; however, their efficacy in treating COVID-19 remains underestimated. Here, we report the findings from past experiences of SARS and MSCs, and how SARS could also induce PF. Such studies may help to understand the rationale for the recent cell-based therapies for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Immunomodulation and Regenerative Capacity of MSCs for Long-COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12421
Author(s):  
Xin Ya Loke ◽  
Siti A. M. Imran ◽  
Gee Jun Tye ◽  
Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman ◽  
Fazlina Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Future Utilization

The rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is now a major concern with no effective drugs and treatments. The severity of the disease is linked to the induction of a cytokine storm that promotes extensive inflammation in the lung, leading to many acute lung injuries, pulmonary edema, and eventually death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might prove to be a treatment option as they have immunomodulation and regenerative properties. Clinical trials utilizing MSCs in treating acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have provided a basis in treating post-COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discussed the effects of MSCs as an immunomodulator to reduce the severity and death in patients with COVID-19, including the usage of MSCs as an alternative regenerative therapy in post-COVID-19 patients. This review also includes the current clinical trials in utilizing MSCs and their potential future utilization for long-COVID treatments.

scholarly journals Effectivity of mesenchymal stem cells for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review and implication for clinical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyu Zhao ◽  
Zhipeng Yan ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Jie Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Preclinical Studies ◽  
Patient Prognosis

AbstractPulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic interstitial disease of the lung with poor prognosis and without effective treatment currently. Data from previous coronavirus infections, such as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, as well as current clinical evidence from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), support that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to PF, seriously impacting patient prognosis and quality of life. Therefore, effective prevention and treatment of PF will improve patient prognosis and reduce the overall social and economic burdens. Stem cells, especially mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have many great advantages, including migration to damaged lung tissue and secretion of various paracrine factors, thereby regulating the permeability of endothelial and epithelial cells, reducing inflammatory response, promoting tissue repair and inhibiting bacterial growth. Clinical trials of MSCs for the treatment of acute lung injury, PF and severe and critically ill COVID-19 are ongoing. The purpose of this study is to systematically review preclinical studies, explored the effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis and analyze the potential mechanism, combined with clinical trials of current MSCs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and COVID-19, so as to provide support for clinical research and transformation of MSCs. Searching PubMed and Embase (− 2021.4) identified a total of 36 preclinical studies of MSCs as treatment of BLM-induced acute lung injury and PF in rodent models. Most of the studies showed the MSCs treatment to reduce BLM-induced lung tissue inflammatory response, inflammatory cell infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, extracellular matrix production and collagen deposition, and to improve Ashcroft score. The results of present studies indicate that MSCs may serve as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of PF, including viral-induced PF and IPF.

Stem Cell Therapy For The Treatment Of Crohn's Disease; Current Obstacles And Future Hopes. (Mini-Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah El-Nakeep
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Perianal Fistula ◽  
The United States

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by relapsing and remitting courses. The disease is debilitating in nature with three prominent phenotypic clinical presentations; fistulizing, stenosing, and inflammatory. Stem cells offer a new hope for CD patients with modifying the immune response and progression of the healing process. Aim: This mini-review discusses the role of stem cells in treating CD, their effectiveness as a new therapy and their current limitations faced. Methods: The author conducted a literature review on recent randomized controlled trials and cohort studies concerned with the topic in question using the following keywords (Crohn's Disease, perianal fistula, Stem cell therapy, mesenchymal stem cells, remission). Results: Clinical trials show that the stem cells are more effective in the CD associated complex perianal fistula than the CD enteritis. Till the time being, there are no standardized guidelines regarding; dose of stem cells used, number of doses administered, route of administration, type of stem cells used. Only one group of researchers proposed a standardized procedure for injecting mesenchymal stem cells in complex perianal fistula, according to their own experience in clinical trials. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells and their related types (placental, adipose tissue, umbilical tissue, etc.) are the most safe and effective in clinical trials. Currently; the commercially available mesenchymal stem cells preparation (Darvadstrocel (Cx601)) is the only one approved by The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use in refractory CD associated complex perianal fistula. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy (SCT) shows promise in; inducing remission in refractory Crohn's colitis, and perianal fistula, but further research is required before SCT could be applied to clinical practice guidelines

Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Immune Modulation: Regenerative Medicine Meets Tissue Repair

2013 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Rita Anzalone ◽  
Felicia Farina ◽  
Melania Lo Iacono ◽  
Simona Corrao ◽  
Tiziana Corsello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Wharton’S Jelly ◽  
Wharton's Jelly

scholarly journals Stem Cell Clinical Trials in Spinal Cord Injury: A Brief Review of Studies in the United States

Medicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Andrew Platt ◽  
Brian T. David ◽  
Richard G. Fessler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cord Injury

Background: Although many therapeutic approaches have been attempted to treat spinal cord injury, cellular transplantation offers the greatest promise in reconstituting the architecture of the damaged cord. Methods: A literature review was conducted to search for clinical trials investigating stem cells as treatment for spinal cord injury in the United States. Results: Overall, eight studies met inclusion criteria. Of the included studies, four were identified as being terminated, suspended, or not yet recruiting. Two studies were identified as currently recruiting, including one phase one trial evaluating stereotactic injections of human spinal cord-derived neural stem cells in patients with chronic spinal cord injuries, and one trial of transplantation of autologous bone marrow derived stem cells via paraspinal injections, intravenous injections, and intranasal placement. One study was identified as an active study, a phase one trial of intrathecal injection of 100 million autologous, ex-vivo expanded, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. One trial that was listed as completed is a phase 1/2a, dose escalation study, investigating stereotactic injection of human embryonic stem cell derived oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Conclusions: Although few significant publications have emerged to this point, current trial results are promising.

scholarly journals Oral Sub Mucous Fibrosis: Exploring Therapeutic Strategies Using -anti TGF β Drugs

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranganath Sheshaprasad ◽  
Anuradha Pai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic irreversible potentially malignant condition causing morbidity. Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-β1) plays the central role in its development. Hence early intervention is the key to limit the progress of the disease. The aim of this paper was to review the effective therapeutic agents available to neutralize the pathological effect of TGF-β1 in OSMF. Methods: An electronic search was conducted and we reviewed the records of the https://clinicaltrials.gov/, the registry of clinical trials that have been conducted internationally and in the United States in order to look for drugs associated with different types of fibrotic disorder. The studies related to pulmonary fibrosis were also included. We performed another search in the PubMed database and chose the successfully tested drugs as the result of our previous search and used the keywords "Name of the selected drug" "TGF" "Fibrosis." Results: A total of 89 studies were listed in the search and finally, 9 studies were considered for the analysis. The search results indicated the potential benefit of two drugs namely nintedanib and pirfenidone. It was noted that nintedanib reversed TGF-β1-induced EMT in non-small cell lung cancer cells and pirfenidone treatment inhibited TGF-β1-induced up-regulation of phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK) in a renal fibrosis rat model. Conclusion: It was concluded that pirfenidone and nintedanib were found to have a promising role in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis also linked to the pathological effect of TGF-β pathway. Therefore, we put forward the suggestion of designing preclinical studies, as well as clinical trials to test the effectiveness of these drugs in treating oral submucous fibrosis.

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