scholarly journals Immunomodulation and Regenerative Capacity of MSCs for Long-COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12421
Author(s):  
Xin Ya Loke ◽  
Siti A. M. Imran ◽  
Gee Jun Tye ◽  
Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman ◽  
Fazlina Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Future Utilization

The rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is now a major concern with no effective drugs and treatments. The severity of the disease is linked to the induction of a cytokine storm that promotes extensive inflammation in the lung, leading to many acute lung injuries, pulmonary edema, and eventually death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might prove to be a treatment option as they have immunomodulation and regenerative properties. Clinical trials utilizing MSCs in treating acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have provided a basis in treating post-COVID-19 patients. In this review, we discussed the effects of MSCs as an immunomodulator to reduce the severity and death in patients with COVID-19, including the usage of MSCs as an alternative regenerative therapy in post-COVID-19 patients. This review also includes the current clinical trials in utilizing MSCs and their potential future utilization for long-COVID treatments.

scholarly journals Recent Findings on Cell-Based Therapies for COVID19-Related Pulmonary Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972199621
Author(s):  
Hong-Meng Chuang ◽  
Li-Ing Ho ◽  
Horng-Jyh Harn ◽  
Ching-Ann Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Respiratory Tract Inflammation

COVID-19 has spread worldwide, including the United States, United Kingdom, and Italy, along with its site of origin in China, since 2020. The virus was first found in the Wuhan seafood market at the end of 2019, with a controversial source. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and respiratory tract inflammation, with some severe patients developing an acute and chronic lung injury, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). It has already claimed approximately 300 thousand human lives and the number is still on the rise; the only way to prevent the infection is to be safe till vaccines and reliable treatments develop. In previous studies, the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in clinical trials had been proven to be effective in immune modulation and tissue repair promotion; however, their efficacy in treating COVID-19 remains underestimated. Here, we report the findings from past experiences of SARS and MSCs, and how SARS could also induce PF. Such studies may help to understand the rationale for the recent cell-based therapies for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Immunomodulation and Regeneration Properties of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Potential Therapy to Treat Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 096368972095208
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zayed ◽  
Koichiro Iohara
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Potential Use

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, originating from Wuhan, China, is known to cause severe acute respiratory symptoms. The occurrence of a cytokine storm in the lungs is a critical step in the disease pathogenesis, as it causes pathological lesions, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, potentially resulting in death. Currently, there is no effective treatment that targets the cytokine storm and helps regenerate the damaged tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to act as anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory candidates and activate endogenous regeneration. As a result, MSC therapy is a potential treatment approach for COVID-19. Intravenous injection of clinical-grade MSCs into COVID-19 patients can induce an immunomodulatory response along with improved lung function. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are considered a potential source of MSCs for immunomodulation, tissue regeneration, and clinical application. Although some current clinical trials have treated COVID-19 patients with DPSCs, this therapy has not been approved. Here, we review the potential use of DPSCs and their significance in the development of a therapy for COVID-19.

scholarly journals Spinal muscular atrophy type 1: current status of the issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Valeriya A. Bondar ◽  
Ilya V. Borisov ◽  
Mikhail M. Kanarskii ◽  
Julia Y. Nekrasova
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Effective Drugs

The development of medical technologies has led to an increase in the survival of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In turn, these drugs have a high cost, which limits their availability for children with SMA. This fact posed new challenges for the science community. Currently, clinical trials of the effectiveness of drugs for the treatment of various types of spinal muscular atrophy are underway. Clinical forms of SMA are grouped into 5 subtypes depending on the severity of the disease and the age of onset of the disease. Type 1 spinal muscular atrophy, or Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, is the most common, accounting for 60% of all cases of the disease. The first positive results of clinical trials of two potentially new and effective drugs Zolgensma and Risdiplam were published recently. Despite this, the inaccessibility of treatment of spinal muscular atrophy creates a serious interdisciplinary problem at the state level, including medical and social rehabilitation, which is important to understand when planning medical care.

Storm at the Time of Corona: A Glimpse at the Current Understanding and Therapeutic Opportunities of the SARS-CoV-2 Cytokine Storm

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monireh Torabi-Rahvar ◽  
Nima Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Jak Inhibitors ◽  
Severe Phenotype ◽  
Inflammatory Monocytes ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to severe disease in some cases, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. This severe phenotype seems to be associated with a cytokine storm and immune dysregulation. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD14+CD16+ inflammatory monocytes, lymphopenia, and decreased levels of regulatory T cells are some of the immunological features that are seen in patients with SARS-CoV-2. As the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 is influenced by both viral virulence and dysregulated inflammatory response, a combination therapy approach using antiviral drugs plus anti-inflammatory treatments, such as corticosteroids, monoclonal antibodies against the IL-6 and IL-1β pathways, and JAK inhibitors are under clinical trials

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cell research progress for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095506
Author(s):  
Dezhi Yao ◽  
Huanrong Ye ◽  
Zhirong Huo ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Shixiong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Coagulation Dysfunction

At the end of 2019, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The COVID-19 infection characteristics include a long incubation period, strong infectivity, and high fatality rate, and it negatively affects human health and social development. COVID-19 has become a common problem in the global medical and health system. It is essentially an acute self-limiting disease. Patients with severe COVID-19 infection usually progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, metabolic acidosis that is difficult to correct, coagulation dysfunction, multiple organ failure, and even death within a short period after onset. There remains a lack of effective drugs for such patients clinically. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are expected to reduce the risk of complications and death in patients because they have strong anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory capabilities, which can improve the microenvironment, promote neovascularization, and enhance tissue repair capabilities. China is currently conducting several clinical trials on MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we review the research progress related to using stem cells to treat patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Exosomes as Immunomodulatory Agents for COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal A. Alzahrani ◽  
Islam M. Saadeldin ◽  
Abrar Ahmad ◽  
Dipak Kumar ◽  
Esam I. Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Allogenic Bone ◽  
Lung Injuries ◽  
Health Organization

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing lethal acute respiratory disease emerged in December 2019. The World Health Organization named this disease “COVID-19” and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes (MSCs-Exo), which are isolated from allogenic bone marrow stem cells, significantly lower the risk of alveolar inflammation and other pathological conditions associated with distinct lung injuries. For example, in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pneumonia patients, MSCs-Exo and MSCs provide similar healing properties and some clinical trials have used cell-based inhalation therapy which show great promise. MSCs and MSCs-Exo have shown potential in clinical trials as a therapeutic tool for severely affected COVID-19 patients when compared to other cell-based therapies, which may face challenges like the cells’ sticking to the respiratory tract epithelia during administration. However, the use of MSCs or MSCs-Exo for treating COVID-19 should strictly adhere to the appropriate manufacturing practices, quality control measurements, preclinical safety and efficacy data, and the proper ethical regulations. This review highlights the available clinical trials that support the therapeutic potential of MSCs or MSCs-Exo in severely affected COVID-19 patients.

Regenerative Therapies in Neonatology: Clinical Perspectives

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 (04) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gortner ◽  
U. Felderhoff-Müser ◽  
D. Monz ◽  
K. Bieback ◽  
H. Klüter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Therapy ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Regenerative Therapies ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

AbstractRegenerative therapy based on stem cells is applied as standard therapy in pediatric oncology. Furthermore, they are frequently used to treat immunodeficiency disorders of infants. For severe neonatal diseases, e. g. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, animal models have been established. According to some first preclinical results stem cell administration appears as a promising tool to improve the clinical outcome in high-risk infants. Provided the benefit of regenerative therapies can further be evaluated in appropriate preclinical neonate models, carefully controlled clinical trials to assess the significance of regenerative therapies, such as autologous stem cell administration, are indicated.

THE ROLE OF DEXAMETHASONE DOSING IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Ж.К. УТАРОВ ◽  
К.К. КУРАКБАЕ
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The World

Новый тип коронавируса был обнаружен в декабре 2019 года в провинции Ухань Китайской Народной Республики и получил называние SARS-CoV-2, а болезнь назвался COVID-19. Болезнь проявляется многими клиническими симптомами (лихорадка, кашель, одышка, повторяющийся озноб, мышечные боли, головная боль, боль в горле, потеря обоняния (аносмия) и / или вкуса (агевзия) и диарея), но в основном повреждает верхние и нижние дыхательные пути. Поскольку COVID-19 в основном вызывает вирусное поражение легких, многие пациенты попадают в больницу в тяжелом состоянии с острым респираторным дистресссиндромом (ОРДС). Ухудшение состояния при вирусной пневмонии идёт быстрыми темпами, и у многих пациентов уже в течение нескольких часов развивается дыхательная недостаточность, требующая немедленной респираторной поддержки. Учитывая, что новый тип коронавируса пришел в нашу жизнь на десятилетия, уже сейчас необходимо рассмотреть новые направления лечения. В настоящее время рассматриваются различные варианты лечения с целью полного уничтожения вируса или прекращения его дальнейшего развития, в том числе препарат дексаметазон, принадлежащий к группе глюкокортикоидов, который продемонстрировал основную эффективность. На сегодняшний день проведено несколько рандомизированных клинических испытаний (РКИ) с применением дексаметазона, но оптимальная доза и продолжительность применения препарата до сих пор не определены. Currently, a lot of research is being conducted using various medicines to treat COVID-19 disease, which puts the world at a standstill. In particular, we are talking about the drug dexamethasone, which has the main effect on ensuring that patients are not transferred to the intensive care unit and are not connected to articial lung ventilation. Although several randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the dose of dexamethasone has not yet been rened to suppress or stop the cytokine storm.

scholarly journals PROSPECT OF STEM CELL THERAPY TO AVOID CYTOKINE STORM IN SEVERE COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
J. A. PAWITAN
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Initial Results

Severe COVID-19 cases are mostly due to severe inflammatory reaction and cytokine storm, which may lead to multiple organ failure and death. Until recently, there is no proven effective treatment for severe COVID-19. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties. Therefore, they are supposed to work on COVID-19, which has failed to recover using other treatments. Therefore, studies are needed to determine the best tissue source of MSCs, the dose, repeat, and route of administration. For this review, we searched various databases, i.e. Pubmed, Science Direct, Springer, and WHO website using keywords: “mesenchymal stem cells” and “COVID-19” at 7 May 2020, without time limits. Various clinical trials on the use of MSCs for COVID-19 were registered, and initial results were reported. Initial results were promising but should be interpreted cautiously, as one was a case report, another one was case series, and one was a preliminary study of seven treated patients compared to three controls, where the baseline conditions were unequal. Therefore, well design randomized clinical trials are needed to get more robust prove.

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