Pedometric tools for classification of southwestern Amazonian soils: A quali-quantitative interpretation incorporating visible-near infrared spectroscopy

2022 ◽  
pp. 096703352110618
Author(s):  
Orlando CH Tavares ◽  
Tiago R Tavares ◽  
Carlos R Pinheiro Junior ◽  
Luciélio M da Silva ◽  
Paulo GS Wadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
R Package ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Wide Range

The southwestern region of the Amazon has great environmental variability, presents a great complexity of pedoenvironments due to its rich variability of geological and geomorphological environments, as well as for being a transition region with other two Brazilian biomes. In this study, the use of pedometric tools (the Algorithms for Quantitative Pedology (AQP) R package and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy) was evaluated for the characterization of 15 soil profiles in southwestern Amazon. The AQP statistical package—which evaluates the soil in-depth based on slicing functions—indicated a wide range of variation in soil attributes, especially in the superficial horizons. In addition, the results obtained in the similarity analysis corroborated with the description of physical, chemical components and oxide contents in-depth, aiding the classification of soil profiles. The in-depth characterization of visible-near infrared spectra allowed inference of the pedogenetic processes of some profiles, setting precedents for future work aiming to establish analytical strategies for soil classification in southwestern Amazon based on spectral data.

scholarly journals Bioinformatic Characterization of Sulfotransferase Provides New Insights for the Exploitation of Sulfated Polysaccharides in Caulerpa

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6681
Author(s):  
Simone Landi ◽  
Sergio Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genomic Expression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Algal Genus ◽  
Commercial Applications

Caulerpa is an unusual algal genus from Caulerpaceae (Chlorophyta, Bryopsidales). Species from this family produce a wide range of metabolites suitable for biotechnology applications. Among these, sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are often highly desirable for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. Here, we provide a classification of sulfotransferases from Caulerpa; these important enzymes catalyze the nodal step for the biosynthesis of SPs. For this, we performed phylogenetic, genomic, expression analyses and prediction of the protein structure on sulfotransferases from Caulerpa. Sequences, domains and structures of sulfotransferases generally shared common characteristics with other plants and algae. However, we found an extensive duplication of sulfotransferase gene family, which is unique among the green algae. Expression analysis revealed specific transcript abundance in the pinnae and rachis of the alga. The unique genomic features could be utilized for the production of complex SPs, which require multiple and specific sulfation reactions. The expansion of this gene family in Caulerpaceae would have resulted in a number of proteins characterizing the unique SPs found in these algae. We provide a putative biosynthetic pathway of SPs, indicating the unique characteristics of this pathway in Caulerpa species. These data may help in the future selection of Caulerpa species for both commercial applications and genetic studies to improve the synthesis of valuable products from Caulerpa.

scholarly journals Morphological, chemical and physiological characterization of Amaranthus spp. Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
João Barcellos Xavier ◽  
Dayliane Bernardes de Andrade ◽  
Douglas Correa de Souza ◽  
Gabriel Castanheira Guimarães ◽  
Luciane Vilela Resende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Radiographic Analysis ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Amaranthus Spp

Abstract: Amaranthus species have great potential for human food due to their nutritional and functional properties, but there are few phytotechnical studies with this crop, making its cultivation unfeasible. Aiming to encourage the production of these species, this study aimed to evaluate and distinguish the morphological, chemical and physiological characteristics of seeds of Amaranthus sp. (commercial species), A. viridis and A. hybridus. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, evaluating seeds in size classes (850, 600 and 425 µm) and characterizing them by image analysis using the GroundEye® system, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and radiographic analysis. The first germination count, germination and germination speed index with and without KNO3 were performed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the means compared by the Tukey test. Radiographic analysis showed that the seeds of the three studied species were filled in the size class of 600 and 850 µm, without dormancy, but the commercial species had higher germination speed. GroundEye® and NIR allowed distinguishing the three species according to their geometric characteristics, predominance of color and chemical components.

scholarly journals Detecting the NIR Fingerprint of Colors: The Characteristic Response of Modern Blue Pigments

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2255-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yivlialin ◽  
Galli ◽  
Raimondo ◽  
Martini ◽  
Sassella
Keyword(s):  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Composite Sample ◽  
Model Composite ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), and near infrared (NIR) range is widely applied to art studies for the characterization of paints and pigments, with the advantages of non-invasive techniques. Isolating and detecting the fingerprint of pigments, especially in the NIR range, is quite challenging, since the presence of vibrational transitions of the most common organic functional groups prevents to relate the optical spectrum of a composite sample, as an artwork is, to each one of its elements (i.e., support, binder, and specific pigment). In this work, a method is presented to obtain the UV-Vis-NIR optical response of the single components of a model composite sample reproducing an artwork, i.e., the support, the binder, and the pigment or dye, by using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. This allowed us to obtain the NIR spectral fingerprint of blue pigments and to identify specific features possibly applicable for detecting cobalt and phthalocyanine blue colors in artwork analysis.

scholarly journals Near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of carbon and nitrogen in an Oxisol

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús H. Camacho-Tamayo ◽  
Yolanda Rubiano S. ◽  
María del Pilar Hurtado S.
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Digital Maps

The characterization of soil properties through laboratory analysis is an essential part of the diagnosis of the potential use of lands and their fertility. Conventional chemical analyzes are expensive and time consuming, hampering the adoption of crop management technologies, such as precision agriculture. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the potential of near-infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for the prediction of the carbon and nitrogen of Typic Hapludox. In the A and B horizons, 1,240 samples were collected in order to determine the total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) contents, obtain the NIR spectral curve, and build models using partial least squares regression. The use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and statistical techniques allowed for the quantification of the TC with adequate models of prediction based on a small number of samples, an residual prediction deviation RPD greater than 2.0, an R2 greater than 0.80 and a low root mean square error RMSE. For TN, models with a good level of prediction were not obtained. The results based on the NIR models were able to be integrated directly into the geostatistical evaluations, obtaining similar digital maps from the observed and predicted TC. The use of pedometric techniques showed promising results for these soils and constitutes a basis for the development of this area of research on soil science in Colombia.

scholarly journals PALE SOILS ON CARBONATE-FREE DEPOSITS IN CENTRAL SIBERIA AND THEIR TAXONOMIC POSITION IN THE SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Physical Chemical

Based upon a comprehensive analysis of detailed descriptions of soil profiles and analytical data obtained by I. Sokolov, V. Zolnikov, L. Yelovskaya and other researchers, as well as upon data on the soil-forming factors, an attempt is made to determine the taxonomic level of pale undifferentiated neutral and slightly acid soils derived from carbonate-free deposits in the new classification system of Russian soils (versions 2004, 2008). The above group of soils is not uniform. According to their diagnostic morphological and physical-chemical properties the loamy permafrost-affected soils with ice-rich permafrost should be placed in the order of cryometamorphic or iron-metamorphic soils. The loamy sandy soils with dry permafrost may be placed in the same order. The soils with a shallow profile (< 30 cm) on hard parent rock should be qualified as members of the order of lithozems. The specific features of these soils make it possible to suggest new elements to the soil classification. A subtype of pale-metamorphized soils is offered to recognize the types of rzhavozems and raw-humus rzhavozems as the soils transitional to the pale soils. This suggestion is aimed at harmonization of a variety of ideas on the genesis, conditions for the development and nomenclature of soils, which permits us to give a more complete and reliable perception of the soil cover in the Central Siberian plateau.

scholarly journals A systems approach to the characterization and classification of T-cell responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Yamamoto ◽  
Elizabeth Whalen ◽  
Daisuke Chujo ◽  
Durgha Nattamai ◽  
Nicole Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTypes of T-cell responses are categorized on the basis of a limited number of molecular markers selected usinga prioriknowledge about T-cell immunobiology. We sought to develop a novel systems-based approach for the creation of an unbiased framework enabling assessment of antigenic-peptide specific T-cell responsesin vitro. A meta-analysis of transcriptome data from PBMCs stimulated with a wide range of peptides identified patterns of gene regulation that provided an unbiased classification of types of antigen-specific responses. Further analysis yielded new insight about the molecular processes engaged following antigenic stimulation. This led for instance to the identification of transcription factors not previously studied in the context of T-cell differentiation. Taken together this profiling approach can serve as a basis for the unbiased characterization of antigen-specific responses and as a foundation for the development of novel systems-based immune profiling assays.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document