scholarly journals Comparison of the in Vitro Susceptibility of Rodent Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Pasteurella Pneumotropica to Enrofloxacin

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiraku Sasaki ◽  
Eiichi Kawamoto ◽  
Satoshi Kunita ◽  
Ken-ichi Yagami
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Mutation Frequency ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations

The objectives of this study were to determine and compare the in vitro enrofloxacin susceptibility of 94 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from enrofloxacin-treated and untreated mice and that of 40 Pasteurella pneumotropica strains and also to assess the efficacy and effects of enrofloxacin treatment of laboratory mice. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of enrofloxacin against all the Ps. aeruginosa isolates were in the range of 1 to 4 μg/ml, whereas those against all the P. pneumotropica strains were less than 0.5 μg/ml. The mutation frequency in 54% of the Ps. aeruginosa isolates on treatment with enrofloxacin ranged from 10−6 to 10−8; however, none of the P. pneumotropica strains could grow on medium containing more than 3 μg/ml enrofloxacin. Comparison of in vitro enrofloxacin susceptibilities suggested that enrofloxacin was effective for eliminating P. pneumotropica but not for eliminating Ps. aeruginosa for which the MIC of enrofloxacin was more than 1 μg/ml. These results indicated that the enrofloxacin susceptibility of P. pneumotropica was higher than that of Ps. aeruginosa, and that the enrofloxacin treatment might not affect the susceptibility of Ps. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Introduction of Ertapenem into a Hospital Formulary: Effect on Antimicrobial Usage and Improved In Vitro Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 5122-5126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein ◽  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Victoria Peraino ◽  
Tanya Elgourt ◽  
Anne R. Meibohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Defined Daily Doses ◽  
Stewardship Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Utilization ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Community Teaching

ABSTRACT After ertapenem was added to the formulary of a 344-bed community teaching hospital, we retrospectively studied its effect on antimicrobial utilization and on the in vitro susceptibility of various antimicrobial agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Three study periods were defined as preintroduction (months 1 to 9), postintroduction but before the autosubstitution of ertapenem for ampicillin-sulbactam (months 10 to 18), and after the policy of autosubstitution (months 19 to 48) was initiated. Ertapenem usage rose slowly from introduction to a range of 36 to 48 defined daily doses/1,000 patient days (DDD) with a resultant decrease in ampicillin-sulbactam usage due to autosubstitution. Imipenem usage peaked 6 months after the introduction of ertapenem and started to decline coincidently with the increased use of ertapenem. During the second period, imipenem usage decreased (slope = −1.28; P = 0.002). Prior to the introduction of ertapenem, the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to imipenem increased from 61 to 81% at month 7 but then decreased slightly to 67% at month 9. After the introduction of ertapenem, susceptibility continued to increase; the increasing trend was significant (slope = 1.74; P < 0.001). In the third period, the median susceptibility (interquartile range) was 88% (82 to 95%). This change appeared related to decreased imipenem usage. For every unit decrease in the monthly DDD of imipenem, there was an increase of 0.38% (P = 0.008) in the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to imipenem in the same month. Ertapenem was effective in our antimicrobial stewardship program and may have helped improve the P. aeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility to imipenem by decreasing the unnecessary usage and selective pressure of antipseudomonal agents.

scholarly journals EPS7.9 In vitro susceptibility to ceftolozane/tazobactam in multi drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. S54-S55
Author(s):  
D. Keating ◽  
I. McCarthy ◽  
D. Britton ◽  
S. McDermott ◽  
K. Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

scholarly journals Ceftazidime/Avibactam: Who Says You Can’t Teach an Old Drug New Tricks?

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Barber ◽  
Jessica K. Ortwine ◽  
Ronda L Akins
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Abdominal Infections

Purpose: Gram-negative resistance continues to rise with treatment options becoming more limited. Ceftazidime/avibactam was recently approved in the United States and Europe, which combines an established third-generation cephalosporin with a new, unique, non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor. This review conducts a thorough examination of structure, pharmacology, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, in vitro and clinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of ceftazidime/avibactam, as well as detailed future directions for the agent. Methods: Pubmed and clinicaltrials.gov searches, as well as abstracts from the 2015 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy/International Society of Chemotherapy (ICAAC/ICC) and ID Week meetings and the 2016 American Society of Microbiology Microbe meeting, were conducted from January 2004 – September 2016. Relevant search terms included ceftazidime, ceftazidime/avibactam, avibactam, NXL104 and AVE1330A. The US package insert for ceftazidime/avibactam (02/2015) and European public assessment report (06/2016) were also reviewed. Results: In vitro susceptibility for ceftazidime/avibactam displayed potent activity against many Enterobacteriaceae including extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing strains, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phase II clinical trials utilized for approval demonstrated comparable safety and efficacy to imipenem/cilistatin for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (70.4% vs. 71.4%) and combined with metronidazole compared to meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections (91.2% vs 93.4%). Phase III data displayed non-inferior efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam compared to doripenem for complicated urinary tract infections (70.2% vs 66.2%) and combined with metronidazole compared to meropenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections (82.5% vs 84.9%), as well as comparable safety. Ceftazidime/avibactam was well-tolerated but does require renal adjustments. Additionally, 3 case series and a single case report have demonstrated the potential for ceftazidime/avibactam against multidrug resistant organisms for compassionate use or failure after previous therapy. Conclusion: By adding avibactam to ceftazidime, clinicians’ antimicrobial armamentarium is expanded, potentially increasing the ability to combat multi-drug resistant gram-negative pathogens, particularly ESBL and carbapenemase-producing organisms, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.

scholarly journals Comparison of the In Vitro Susceptibility of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam With the Cumulative Susceptibility Rates of Standard Antibiotic Combinations When Tested Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa From ICU Patients With Bloodstream Infections or Pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dee Shortridge ◽  
Michael A Pfaller ◽  
S J Ryan Arends ◽  
Janet Raddatz ◽  
Daryl D DePestel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Seriously Ill Patients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains an important cause of hospital-acquired infections in the United States and is frequently multidrug-resistant (MDR). The Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines recommend empiric combination therapy that includes an antipseudomonal β-lactam with an aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone likely to cover ≥95% of P. aeruginosa infections in seriously ill patients at risk of having an MDR pathogen. Ceftolozane is an antipseudomonal cephalosporin, combined with the β-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Ceftolozane-tazobactam is approved for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and complicated intra-abdominal infections. A phase 3 clinical trial for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia including ventilator-associated pneumoniae was recently completed. We compared the in vitro susceptibility rate of ceftolozane-tazobactam with the cumulative susceptibility rates of antibiotic combinations commonly used against P. aeruginosa. Methods Isolates were collected from intensive care unit patients hospitalized in 32 US hospitals from 2011 to 2017. The susceptibilities of 1543 P. aeruginosa isolates from bloodstream infections (198 isolates, 12.8%) or pneumonia (1345 isolates, 87.2%) were determined for ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparators. Results The most active antimicrobials were colistin (99.4% susceptible), amikacin (98.1% susceptible), and ceftolozane-tazobactam (96.5% susceptible). The susceptibilities to other antipseudomonal β-lactams and fluoroquinolones were &lt;84%. A cumulative susceptibility of ≥95% was reached for cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam only in combination with amikacin due to the lower susceptibilities of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. Monotherapies that exceeded 95% were ceftolozane-tazobactam, amikacin, and colistin. Conclusions Ceftolozane-tazobactam monotherapy is likely to be active against more isolates than a combination of another β-lactam and a fluoroquinolone or gentamicin for serious P. aeruginosa infections.

scholarly journals In vitro susceptibility of established biofilms composed of a clinical wound isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with lactoferrin and xylitol

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Cloud B. Ammons ◽  
Loren S. Ward ◽  
Steve T. Fisher ◽  
Randall D. Wolcott ◽  
Garth A. James
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility

scholarly journals Susceptibility of three clinical isolates of Actinomodura madurae to α-pinene, the bioactive agent of Pinus pinaster turpentine oil

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stojkovic ◽  
Marina Sokovic ◽  
Jasmina Glamoclija ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
M. Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Actinomadura Madurae ◽  
Bioactive Agent

In vitro susceptibility of the turpentine oil obtained from Pinus pinaster oleoresin was evaluated against three Sudanese clinical isolates of Actinomadura madurae, which is the main causative agent of actinomycetoma. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the oil ranged from 100.3 to 124.8 ?L/mL, and the minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were between 100.3 and 150.0 ?L/mL. ?-Pinene exhibited prominent bioactivity with MICs ranging between 3.3 and 5.0 ?L/mL, while its MMC was 10.0 ?L/mL against the same clinical isolates. Pinus pinaster turpentine oil and ?-pinene might be useful agents in the treatment of mycetoma caused by A. madurae.

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