scholarly journals Disseminated Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors with Epitheliotropism and Systemic Mastocytosis in a Domestic Cat

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 710-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine G. Lamm ◽  
Adam W. Stern ◽  
Amanda J. Smith ◽  
Emily J. Cooper ◽  
Steven W. Ullom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell

A 15-year-old female Domestic Medium Hair cat presented to the referring veterinarian with a 2-month history of multiple, raised, disseminated, nodular skin lesions. A biopsy of 1 of the lesions was submitted to the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory for evaluation. Histologically, there were multiple dermal nodules composed of sheets of neoplastic round cells. Multifocally, the neoplastic cells formed multiple small clusters of 3–5 cells within the epidermis. Distinct cytoplasmic granules were evident within the neoplastic cells with toluidine blue and Giemsa stains. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for c-KIT and lacked immunoreactivity for cluster of differentiation 3 with immunohistochemistry. Based on these findings, multiple epitheliotropic cutaneous mast cell tumors were diagnosed. The cat's health declined rapidly despite aggressive treatment, and the animal was humanely euthanatized. A complete necropsy revealed sheets of similar neoplastic mast cells within the spleen, liver, and individual cells scattered within the bone marrow. Exon 11 of the c-KIT messenger RNA from 1 of the cutaneous masses and the spleen was amplified with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared with the published c-KIT messenger RNA sequence from fetal cat tissues. The maximum identity was 100% for both tissue samples. To the authors’ knowledge, the present report is the first to describe disseminated cutaneous mast cell tumors with epitheliotropism and systemic mastocytosis in a domestic cat.

scholarly journals c-KIT messenger RNA and protein expression and mutations in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mery Giantin ◽  
Marta Vascellari ◽  
Emanuela Maria Morello ◽  
Katia Capello ◽  
Antonella Vercelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Histological Grading ◽  
Proliferation Markers ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell

Cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) are among the most common neoplasms in dogs and show a highly variable biologic behavior. Histological grading, cell proliferation markers, and KIT immunohistochemistry are typically used to predict post-surgical prognosis. In the present study, c-KIT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured in canine MCTs and its relationship with tumor grade, immunohistochemical staining pattern, post-surgical prognosis, and mutations was investigated. A significant increase of c-KIT mRNA was observed in MCTs versus healthy skin and surgical margins. Mutations were observed in 8.3% of cases. The KIT staining pattern was investigated for both grading systems. In particular, staining pattern III was associated with grade II (G2) and G3 MCTs, while staining patterns I and II were associated with G1 and G2 MCTs. Considering the 2-tier histological grading, the high grade was mainly associated with pattern III (71%) while the low grade was associated with patterns II (70%) and I (28%). A weak association between the KIT staining pattern and outcome was also observed. The results obtained suggest that c-KIT mRNA is overexpressed in canine MCT, although the fold variations were not associated with the protein localization or complementary DNA mutations. These observations suggested that the 3 events were independent. The histological grading and the KIT staining pattern have prognostic value as previously published. Staining pattern I could be especially helpful in predicting a good prognosis of G2 MCTs. Sequence mutations were not necessarily suggestive of a worse prognosis, but might be useful in choosing a chemotherapy protocol.

scholarly journals Morphological Features and KIT Receptor Expression in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumor and Systemic Mastocytosis / Morfološke Karakteristike I Ekspresija KIT Receptora Kod Kutanih Mastocitoma I Sistemske Mastocitoze Pasa

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-237
Author(s):  
Darko Marinković ◽  
Natalija Milčić-Matić ◽  
Milan Jovanović ◽  
Ivana Vučićević ◽  
Slađan Nešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Microscopical Examination ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Mast Cell Tumor ◽  
Kit Receptor ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell

Abstract Mast cell neoplasia in dogs can occur in two different forms: common as cutaneous tumor, or less common as a systemic form of neoplastic mast cell proliferation - systemic mastocytosis. The aim of this study was to compare the histological and cytological features, KIT receptor expression and presence of c-KIT proto-oncogene mutations in neoplastic cells of dogs with canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (CMCT) and systemic mastocytosis. Microscopical examination of the cytological smears obtained from all selected dogs revealed that cellular specimens were constituted mostly of round cells with a central nuclei and fine to coarse purple cytoplasmic granules. Histopathological examination of skin samples of dogs with CMCT and a dog with systemic mastocytosis showed proliferation of the neoplastic mast cells in the superficial and/or deep dermis. Similar findings were observed in tissue samples derived from lymph nodes, spleen, liver, myocardium and kidneys of a dog with systemic mastocytosis. Three dogs with high grade CMCT as well as one dog with systemic mastocytosis showed cytoplasmic CD117 expression, while 3 dogs with low grade CMCT, had membranous expression of CD117. Based on our study, histological features and cytoplasmic CD117 expression in neoplastic cells of dogs with systemic mastocytosis are similar to those in dogs with high grade CMCTs. Nevertheless, mutations of c-KIT proto-oncogene were not found in tumor samples either from dogs with CMCT or dog with systemic mastocytosis.

scholarly journals Stereology in Grading and Prognosis of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582098513
Author(s):  
Mafalda Casanova ◽  
Sandra Branco ◽  
Inês Berenguer Veiga ◽  
André Barros ◽  
Pedro Faísca
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell ◽  
Grade Iii

Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (ccMCTs) are currently graded according to Patnaik and Kiupel grading schemes. The qualitative and semiquantitative parameters applied in these schemes may lead to inter- and intraobserver variability. This study investigates the prognostic value of volume-weighted mean nuclear volume ([Formula: see text]), a stereological estimation that provides information about nuclear size and its variability. [Formula: see text] of 55 ccMCTs was estimated using the “point-sampled intercept” method and compared with histological grade and clinical outcome. The clinical history of dogs treated with surgical excision alone was available for 30 ccMCTs. Statistical differences in [Formula: see text] were found between grade II ([Formula: see text]= 115 ± 29 µm3) and grade III ccMCTs ([Formula: see text]= 197 ± 63 µm3), as well as between low-grade ([Formula: see text]= 113 ± 28 µm3) and high-grade ccMCTs ([Formula: see text]= 184 ± 63 µm3). An optimal cutoff value of [Formula: see text] ≥ 150 µm3 and [Formula: see text] ≥ 140 µm3 was determined for grade III and high-grade ccMCTs, respectively. In terms of prognosis, [Formula: see text] was not able to predict the clinical outcome in 42% of the cases; however, cases with [Formula: see text]<125 µm3 had a favorable outcome. These results indicate that, despite having limited prognostic value when used as a solitary parameter, [Formula: see text] is highly reproducible and is associated with histological grade as well as with benign behavior.

scholarly journals Ancillary techniques on the evaluation of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors from Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1804-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Martins Flores ◽  
Renata Dalcol Mazaro ◽  
Ingeborg Maria Langohr ◽  
Alma Roy ◽  
Keith Strother ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growth Fraction ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell ◽  
Exon 11

ABSTRACT: The use of histologic classification by a 2-tier grading system only, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for KIT and Ki-67 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for internal tandem duplications (ITD) on exon 11 has improved the prognostication of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (CCMTs) particularly in the United States. However, these techniques are not commonly used in most Brazilian laboratories. Likewise, no studies, to date, have investigated the occurrence of ITD in CCMTs from the country. Thus, this study tested the 2-tier grading system, the immunohistochemistry for KIT and Ki-67 and the PCR for exon 11 in a group of Brazilian CCMTs with the goal of investigating the applicability of these tests in a Brazilian laboratory. Of the 39 CCMTs, 69.2% (27/39) were identified as low-grade and 30.8% (12/39) as high-grade by a 2-tier grading system. All tumors had a KIT expression pattern II, and 30.6% (11/36) had a high growth fraction (Ki-67). PCR amplification was successful in four of the 11 tumors examined. Two of these (50%) were positive for ITD. This study highlights the importance of using auxiliary techniques in the CCMT evaluation, identifies limitations and confirms the applicability of these methods on a routine diagnostic basis in Brazil. Our results will help to improve the prognostication of CCMTs in Brazilian diagnostic laboratories, encouraging the use of supplementary methods.

scholarly journals Effects of electrochemotherapy with cisplatin and peritumoral IL-12 gene electrotransfer on canine mast cell tumors: a histopathologic and immunohistochemical study

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Salvadori ◽  
Tanja Svara ◽  
Guido Rocchigiani ◽  
Francesca Millanta ◽  
Darja Pavlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Gene Electrotransfer ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors

AbstractBackgroundThe study was aimed to characterize tumor response after combined treatment employing electrochemotherapy with IL-12 gene electrotransfer in dogs with spontaneous mast cell tumors (MCT).Materials and methodsEleven dogs with eleven MCTswere included in the study. Histological changes were investigated in biopsy specimens collected before the treatment (T0), and 4 (T1) and 8 weeks (T2) later. Cellular infiltrates were characterized immunohistochemically by using anti CD3, CD20, Foxp3 (Treg), CD68 and anti MHC-class II antibodies. Proliferation and anti-apoptotic activity of neoplastic cells were assessed using anti Ki-67 and Bcl-2 antibodies. Angiogenetic processes were investigated immunohistochemically by using anti Factor VIII and anti CD31 antibodies and micro vessel density quantification.ResultsHistopathological examination of samples at T0confirmed the diagnosis and the presence of scanty infiltrates consisted mainly of T-lymphocytes and macrophages. At T1and T2neoplastic cells were drastically reduced in 7/11 cases, small clusters of neoplastic cells were detected in 3/11 cases and 1/11 cases neoplastic cells were still evident. Proliferation activity of neoplastic cells was significantly reduced at T1and T2and expression of anti-apoptotic protein at T1. Microvessel density was drastically reduced in all samples after treatment. The number of T-lymphocytes increased at T1, although not significant, while Treg were significant higher at T1and macrophages at T2.ConclusionsThe combined electrochemotherapy and IL-12 gene electrotransfer effectively induced a cellular response against neoplastic cells characterized mainly by the recruitment of T-lymphocytes and macrophages and a fibrotic proliferation with reduction of microvessels.

scholarly journals Multiple cutaneous mast cell tumours in a Boa imperator

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001040
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Onkels ◽  
Christina Stadler ◽  
Udo Hetzel ◽  
Jana Mueller ◽  
Christiane Herden
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Giemsa Stain ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Dense Granules ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell ◽  
Metachromatic Granules

Mast cell tumours (MCTs) are common in dogs and cats, but are only rarely reported in reptiles. This case documents the clinical and pathomorphological results from a Boa imperator with multiple cutaneous nodules, diagnosed as MCT based on histopathology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy approaches. Grossly, there were multifocal, poorly demarcated, mostly ulcerated nodules ~3 cm in diameter on the skin. Histologically, the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue were infiltrated by round cell populations with eosinophilic granules. Toluidine blue and Giemsa stain revealed metachromatic granules. Using immunohistochemistry, some cells exhibited cytoplasmic immunostaining positive for tryptase. Ultrastructurally, variable quantities of intracytoplasmic, spherical and electron-dense granules were also detected. The MCT literature on snakes is scarce, especially for the family Boidae, but MCTs should be considered a differential diagnosis for nodular skin lesions in reptiles.

scholarly journals Systemic mastocytosis with subcutaneous hemorrhage and edema in a Greyhound dog: case report and review of diagnostic criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Alexander Aceino ◽  
Unity Jeffery ◽  
Julie Piccione ◽  
Carolyn L. Hodo
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Systemic Mastocytosis ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Diagnostic Framework ◽  
Criteria For Diagnosis

Systemic mastocytosis, characterized by infiltration of multiple organs by neoplastic mast cells, is a well-described entity in human medicine with specific criteria for diagnosis, but is ill defined in veterinary literature. Hemostatic disorders are reported in humans affected by systemic mastocytosis but have not been well described in veterinary literature. A 5-y-old, spayed female Greyhound dog had a 1-mo history of progressive ventral cutaneous edema, hemorrhage, and pain. Cytology of an antemortem aspirate from the subcutis of the ventral abdomen was suggestive of mast cell neoplasia, but no discrete mass was present. The dog was euthanized and submitted for autopsy; marked subcutaneous edema and hemorrhage were confirmed. The ventral abdominal panniculus and dermis superficial to the panniculus carnosus were infiltrated by a dense sheet of neoplastic mast cells. The neoplastic cells contained toluidine blue–positive granules and formed aggregates within the bone marrow and several visceral organs, including the liver, spleen, heart, and kidney. Diffuse edema and hemorrhage is an unusual presentation of mast cell tumors in dogs. Antemortem tests, including complete blood count, coagulation profile, and viscoelastic coagulation testing, were suggestive of a primary hemostatic defect. We discuss here the diagnostic criteria used in humans, how these can be applied to veterinary patients, and the limitations of the current diagnostic framework.

Variability in tumor margin reporting for soft tissue sarcoma and cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Abrams ◽  
Allison B. Putterman ◽  
Audrey Ruple ◽  
Vincent Wavreille ◽  
Laura E. Selmic
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mast Cell ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Tumor Margin ◽  
Mast Cell Tumors ◽  
Cutaneous Mast Cell
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