scholarly journals Comparison of indirect and modified agglutination tests for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Fernandes ◽  
Paula Brilhante-Simões ◽  
Teresa Coutinho ◽  
Luís Cardoso ◽  
Jitender P. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Relative Specificity

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution. The accurate detection of this zoonotic agent in cats and other hosts has public health importance. Blood samples from 89 domestic cats were tested for antibodies to T. gondii using 2 commercial agglutination test kits, an indirect (IHAT; Toxo-HAI FUMOUZE; Fumouze Diagnostics) and a modified (MAT; Toxoscreen DA; bioMérieux) agglutination test. Antibodies were found in 16 of 89 (18%) cats by the IHAT and in 23 of 89 (26%) cats by the MAT, with an overall agreement between the 2 serologic tests of 92% (κ = 0.77; i.e., substantial agreement beyond chance). Considering the MAT as the gold standard, the IHAT showed perfect relative specificity (100%) and lower relative sensitivity (70%). The suboptimal sensitivity of the IHAT limits its use in epidemiologic studies in cats.

scholarly journals Nanosilver Colloid Inhibits Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites and Bradyzoites in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeedeh SHOJAEE ◽  
Nima FIROUZEH ◽  
Hussein KESHAVARZ ◽  
Sanaz JAFARPOUR AZAMI ◽  
Mahboobeh SALIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Type I ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Background: Toxoplasma gondii, the coccidian protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution, is the agent of toxoplasmosis. The disease is life threatening in congenital form and in immunocompromised patients. The present study was carried out in 2016 to evaluate the in vitro effects of nanosilver colloid on tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains. Methods: Different concentrations (5, 10 , 20 ppm) of  nanosilver colloid were added to tachyzoites of T. gondii , RH strain (type I) and bradyzoites and tissue cysts of T. gondii , Tehran strain (type II) and incubated for 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The mortality rates of tachyzoites and bradyzoites were evaluated by trypan blue dye and MTT assay. Then SEM carried out to show the changes between control and exposed parasites. Results: The greatest mortality rate was seen in 20 ppm concentration and after 120 minutes of exposure. By electron microscopy, the structural changes were seen in tachyzoites of RH and tissue cyst of Tehran strain in comparison with control groups. Conclusion: Nanosilver colloid was effective on both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, RH and Tehran strains.

Toxoplasmosis

2010 ◽  
pp. 1090-1097
Author(s):  
Oliver Liesenfeld ◽  
Eskild Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution that infects up to one-third of the world’s population. Human infection is acquired through ingestion in water or food of oocysts shed by cats, or by ingestion of bradyzoites released from cysts contained in uncooked or undercooked meat (e.g. sheep, swine, cattle). Following invasion in the intestine, tachyzoites rapidly disseminate throughout the host. Immune mechanisms mediate the formation of cysts, primarily in the brain, eye, and skeletal and heart muscles, where they persist for the life of the host. Presence of infection may be established by direct detection of the parasite in clinical samples (often by polymerase chain reaction, PCR) or by serological techniques....

Toxoplasmosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1416-1424
Author(s):  
Oliver Liesenfeld ◽  
Eskild Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite with worldwide distribution that infects up to one-third of the world’s population. Human infection is acquired through ingestion in water or food of oocysts shed by cats, or by ingestion of bradyzoites released from cysts contained in uncooked or undercooked meat (e.g. sheep, swine, cattle). Following invasion in the intestine, tachyzoites rapidly disseminate throughout the host. Immune mechanisms mediate the formation of cysts, primarily in the brain, eye, and skeletal and heart muscles, where they persist for the life of the host. Presence of infection can be established by direct detection of the parasite in clinical samples (often by polymerase chain reaction) or by serological techniques.

Little evidence of toxoplasmosis in a declining species, the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus)

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meri Oakwood ◽  
David Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
National Park ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Declining Species

Tissues from 28 road-killed northern quolls (Dasyurus hallucatus) were collected from Kakadu National Park in northern Australia between 1993 and 1995. These tissues, including brain, liver, lungs, cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle, were examined for histological evidence of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. No T. gondii cysts were found. Sufficient serum was available from 22 of these quolls to test for antibodies to the parasite, using the latex agglutination test. Of these, 20 showed no reaction and 2 had very low serological reactions, which were probably not significant. This study provides little evidence that toxoplasmosis is involved in the decline of quolls in this region.

scholarly journals Serum anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Passeridae), in the municipality of Pelotas, RS, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. e164867
Author(s):  
Luciana Siqueira Silveira dos Santos ◽  
Herbert Sousa Soares ◽  
Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira dos Santos ◽  
Solange Maria Gennari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Wild Felids

The objective of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum samples from 100 sparrows (Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) that were caught in an urban area in southern Brazil. The modified agglutination test (MAT) was used to investigate anti-T. gondii antibodies and samples with a cut-off dilution > 5 were considered positive. Among the 100 serum samples analyzed, 80 (80%) were reactive. These results demonstrate that P. domesticus may play an important role in the epidemiological chain of T. gondii, since it is widely distributed throughout Brazil, and it may act as a source of infection to domestic, semi-domestic cats and to free-living wild felids.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii and Anti-Brucella Spp. Antibodies in Pregnant Women From Mogadishu, Somalia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim A. Yusuf ◽  
Ahmed A. Hassan-Kadle ◽  
Abdalla M. Ibrahim ◽  
Mohamed A. Hassan-Kadle ◽  
Abdullahi M. Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
History Of

Toxoplasmosis and brucellosis are zoonotic diseases of worldwide distribution. They both cause abortion and infertility in human and animals. Limited data are available about these pathogens in Somali people and their animals. Hence, this study has evaluated the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Brucella spp. antibodies in pregnant women in Mogadishu, Somalia. Serum samples from 307 pregnant women from Mogadishu, Somalia were tested for anti-T. gondii antibodies by Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and anti-Brucella spp. antibodies by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and a commercial competitive-ELISA (cELISA). A total of 119/307 (38.76%) pregnant women had a prior history of abortion. A total of 159/307 (51.79%; 95% CI: 46.2–57.35%) pregnant women were seroreactive for T. gondii by LAT at different stages of pregnancy. For Brucella spp., when RBPT and cELISA were combined 4/307 (1.30%; 95% CI: 0.36–3.30%) pregnant women were seroreactive to anti-Brucella spp. antibodies, being 2/307 (0.65%; 95% CI: 0.18–2.34%) by RBPT and 3/307 (0.98%; 95% CI: 0.33–2.83%) by cELISA. Two women were seroreactive for both agents. A high seropositivity to T. gondii and low seropositivity to Brucella spp. have been found in pregnant women from Mogadishu, Somalia. Considering the high number of abortions in the country associated to the fact that awareness on other zoonotic abortifacient pathogens in Somalis is very low, further studies should be conducted to evaluate the potential causes of abortions.

scholarly journals Reconciling Epidemiology’s Aspirations and Capabilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A Savitz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Public Health Action ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Action ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Health Applications

Abstract Interpreting the results of epidemiologic studies calls for objectivity and rigorous scrutiny, acknowledging the limitations that temper the applicability of the findings to public health action. Current trends have posed new challenges to balancing goal of scientific objectivity and validity with public health applications. The ongoing tension between epidemiology’s aspirations and capability has several sources: the need to overpromise in research proposals, compromising methodologic rigor because of public health importance, defending findings in the face of hostile critics, and appealing to core constituencies who have specific expectations from the research.

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