Verminous meningoencephalomyelitis in a red kangaroo associated with Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110376
Author(s):  
Sonika Patial ◽  
Brooke A. Delcambre ◽  
Peter M. DiGeronimo ◽  
Gary Conboy ◽  
Adriano F. Vatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Neuronal Necrosis ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Brown Discoloration ◽  
Zoo Animals ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gross Examination

Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a zoonotic parasitic helminth that normally resides in the pulmonary arteries and the right ventricle of rats ( Rattus sp.), the definitive host, where it causes little disease. Humans, dogs, opossums, and various zoo animals are “accidental” hosts. Here we report verminous meningoencephalomyelitis caused by A. cantonensis in a 9-mo-old male red kangaroo ( Macropus rufus). The kangaroo was first presented lethargic, recumbent, and hypothermic, with severe muscle wasting. Within 3 wk, he progressed to non-ambulatory paraparesis and died. Gross examination revealed multifocal areas of dark-brown discoloration, malacia, and cavitation in the brain and the spinal cord. Histologically, there were several sections of nematodes surrounded by extensive areas of rarefaction, hemorrhage, spongiosis, neuronal necrosis, and gliosis. Based on size, morphology, and organ location, the nematodes were identified as subadult males and females. Interestingly, an eosinophilic response was largely absent, and the inflammatory response was minimal. A. cantonensis infection had not been reported previously in a red kangaroo in Louisiana or Mississippi, to our knowledge. Our case reaffirms the widespread presence of the helminth in the southeastern United States and indicates that A. cantonensis should be considered as a differential in macropods with neurologic clinical signs in regions where A. cantonensis is now endemic.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Motta dos Santos Moretto ◽  
Luciana Maria Curtio Soares ◽  
Esthefanie Nunes ◽  
Uiara Hanna Araújo Barreto ◽  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures.Discussion: The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.

The life history of the rat lung-worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen) (Nematoda: Metastrongylidae).

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Mackerras ◽  
DF Sandars
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Body ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right

Adult Angiostrongylus cantonensis live in the pulmonary arteries. Unsegmented ova are discharged into the blood stream, and lodge as emboli in the smaller vessels. First-stage larvae break through into the respiratory tract, migrate up the trachea, and eventually pass out of the body in the faeces. Slugs (Agriolimax laevis) act as intermediate hosts. Two moults occur in the slug, and third-stage larvae appear about the 17th day. The larvae remain within the two cast skins until freed in the stomach of the rat by digestion. They then pass quickly along the small intestine as far as the lower ileum, where they leave the gut and become blood-borne. They congregate in the central nervous system, and have been found there 17 hr after ingestion. The anterior portion of the cerebrum is the most favoured site, and here the third moult takes place on the sixth or seventh day and the final one between the 11th and 13th days. Young adults emerge on the surface of the brain from the 12th to 14th day, and spend the next 2 weeks in the subarachnoid space. From the 28th to 31st days they migrate to the lungs via the venous system, passing through the right side of the heart to their definitive site in the pulmonary arteries. The prepatent period in the rat usually lies between 42 and 45 days.

scholarly journals Caudal vena cava thrombosis in a dairy cow (Bos taurus) in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Schild ◽  
Joaquín Ignacio Armendano ◽  
Matías Liboreiro ◽  
Florencia Bresky ◽  
Eleonora Morrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Vena Cava Thrombosis ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT: Caudal vena cava thrombosis (CVCT) is an acute disease secondary to ruminal lactic acidosis and rumenitis with fatal outcome in cattle fed with a high-grain diet. The aim of this paper is to describe CVCT in an adult Holstein cow from a herd in Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical signs included dyspnea, weakness, recumbence, and hemoptysis, followed by death in 3.5 days. Important necropsy findings included multiple hepatic abscesses, a septic thrombus (4.0cm x 2.0cm) in the vena cava adjacent to the liver, and a 15cm hematoma in the right lung. Histological lesions observed in the pulmonary parenchyma included suppurative pneumonia with embolic bacterial colonies and severe interstitial fibroplasia. Dissociation and degeneration of elastic fibers were observed in the pulmonary arteries, and necrotizing vasculitis was present in the caudal vena cava. We concluded that CVCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with acute respiratory signs. The preventive measures to control the CVCT include the reduction of lactic acidosis.

scholarly journals Detection of white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) in wild sturgeons (Actinopterygii: Acipenseriformes: Acipenseridae) in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368
Author(s):  
Paulina Hofsoe-Oppermann ◽  
Jolanta Kiełpińska ◽  
Remigiusz Panicz ◽  
Sven M. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Szczecin Lagoon ◽  
Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
White Sturgeon Iridovirus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gross Examination

AbstractIntroductionWhite sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV) disease is caused by a virus of the eponymous family and is mostly triggered by stressful environmental conditions, i.e. high rearing density, excessive handling, or temporary loss of water. The aim of this study was to develop the most effective diagnostic method for quick and efficient confirmation or exclusion of the presence of WSIV.Material and MethodsA total of 42 samples (spleen, gills, intestine, skin, kidney, and brain) were collected from eight sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and A. oxyrinchus) aged ≤5+ farmed or caught between 2010 and 2014 in open waters (Dąbie Lake and Szczecin Lagoon). They were tested for WSIV presence using conventional PCR, qPCR, and in situ hybridisation (ISH).ResultsIn gross examination, all fish appeared to be healthy. Neither species showed clinical signs typical of WSIV infection. In the majority of cases, fragments of iridoviral DNA were found using molecular methods in the kidneys, and also in the liver, gills, and skin. The detection rate using ISH was 47.37% and most commonly the brain and kidney tissues were positive. The most efficient of the methods used was real-time PCR, with 100% effectiveness in detection of WSIV DNA.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the capabilities for WSIV diagnosis available to sturgeon farmers and water administrators, indicating useful methods of adequate sensitivity as well as organs to sample in order to achieve the highest probability of viral detection.

scholarly journals Cerebral equine hydatidosis in Southern Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerônimo Lopes Ruas ◽  
Ana Lucia Schild ◽  
Cristina Gevehr Fernandes ◽  
João Luiz Montiel Ferreira ◽  
Gertrud Müller
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
The Third ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gross Examination

Equine cerebral hydatid disease is described in a 7-year-old, crossbred, female horse. Clinical signs were characterized by circling gait, pressing of head against fences or objects and motor incoordination. On gross examination of the brain the hemispheres were swollen, mainly the left one. On transversal sections, a 5cm X 7cm fluid-filled cyst was observed within the lateral ventricle of the left hemisphere. The cyst extended from the parietal to the occipital lobe, and compressed the third ventricle. There was also marked mid line deviation. Histologically, the brain lesion adjacent to the cyst, was characterized by a piogranulomatous process and vacuolization of neuropil. A diagnosis of equine hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus was made on the basis of the morphometric features of protoscolices hooks.

scholarly journals Prototheca zopfii genotype 2 disseminated infection in a dog with neurological signs

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Sonne ◽  
Eduardo Conceição de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Froner Argenta ◽  
Rafael Souza Monteggia ◽  
Laerte Ferreiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Prototheca Zopfii ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Vertical Nystagmus ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Gross Examination

ABSTRACT: Prototheca zopfii is an alga that can cause disease in animals and humans. Here, we reported a case of systemic protothecosis in a 2-year-old female Boxer. The animal exhibited tetraparesis and vertical nystagmus. It died two weeks after the onset of clinical signs and was necropsied. At gross examination, whitish areas were identified in the heart. Oval or round structures were observed by microscopic examination, some of which formed morula-like structures compatible with algae in the heart, skeletal muscle, and brain. Growth of Prototheca sp. was observed in the heart after culture at 37°C on Sabouraud agar medium with chloramphenicol. Immunohistochemical analysis of the heart and brain using an anti-Prototheca zopfii polyclonal antibody yielded positive results. Genotyping of the cultured agent from brain and heart samples was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of a specific 18S rDNA fragment. P. zopfii genotype 2 was reported to be the cause of disseminated protothecosis in this dog with manifestation in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals The fatal case of an autochthonous heartworm disease in a dog from a non-endemic region of south-eastern Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Miterpáková ◽  
H. Zborovská ◽  
B. Bielik ◽  
M. Halán
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heartworm Disease ◽  
The Right

SummaryDuring the past few years, several localities with increasing Dirofilaria immitis occurrences have been identified in Slovakia; particularly in areas regarded as endemic for Dirofilaria repens up until now. In terms of that, dogs with clinically manifested heartworm disease have been referred to the veterinary ambulances more frequently. We report in this study, two autochthonous cases of D. immitisinfections diagnosed in two seven-year-old siblings of Tibetan Mastiff dogs from the Košice region of south-eastern Slovakia. The course of the disease in both dogs were very different. The female dog did not manifest any unusual findings, however the male dog exhibited severe clinical signs of heartworm disease that lead to his death. The subsequent autopsy revealed adult D. immitis worms in the right heart ventricle and pulmonary arteries.

Gross, microscopic, radiologic, echocardiographic and haematological findings in rats experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Parasitology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Wun ◽  
Sarah Davies ◽  
Derek Spielman ◽  
Rogan Lee ◽  
Doug Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Angiography ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Right Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Angiostrongylus Cantonensis ◽  
Thoracic Radiography ◽  
Comparative Model ◽  
The Right ◽  
Microscopic Pathology ◽  
Lung Lobes

Abstract Although the gross and microscopic pathology in rats infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis has been well described, corresponding changes detected using diagnostic imaging modalities have not been reported. This work describes the cardiopulmonary changes in mature Wistar rats chronically infected with moderate burdens of A. cantonensis using radiology, computed tomography (CT), CT angiography, echocardiography, necropsy and histological examinations. Haematology and coagulation studies were also performed. Thoracic radiography, CT and CT angiography showed moderately severe alveolar pulmonary patterns mainly affecting caudal portions of the caudal lung lobes and associated dilatation of the caudal lobar pulmonary arteries. Presumptive worm profiles could be detected using echocardiography, with worms seen in the right ventricular outflow tract or straddling either the pulmonary and/or the tricuspid valves. Extensive, multifocal, coalescing dark areas and multiple pale foci affecting the caudal lung lobes were observed at necropsy. Histologically, these were composed of numerous large, confluent granulomas and fibrotic nodules. Adult worms were found predominantly in the mid- to distal pulmonary arteries. An inflammatory leukogram, hyperproteinaemia and hyperfibrinogenaemia were found in most rats. These findings provide a comparative model for A. cantonensis in its accidental hosts, such as humans and dogs. In addition, the pathological and imaging changes are comparable to those seen in dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum, suggesting rats infected with A. cantonensis could be a model for dogs with A. vasorum infection.

scholarly journals Fungal pyogranulomatous encephalitis in a dog with leishmaniosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1325-1327
Author(s):  
Gisele Fabrino Machado ◽  
Rosemeri de Oliveira Vasconcelos ◽  
Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto ◽  
Terezinha Cristina Cândido
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cut Surface ◽  
Gross Examination

A case of pyogranulomatous micotic encephalitis in a one-year old, female, Fila Brasileiro dog is reported. Gross examination of the cerebrum revealed a softened haemorrhagic area in the right frontal cortex and on the cut surface of the left hemisphere, which affected the white matter and deep cortical areas. The diagnosis of multifocal mycotic pyogranulomatous encephalitis was obtained by the histopathological examination, which showed the presence of macrophages, giant cells, haemorrhage and brownish septate hyphae diffusely distributed within the tissue and invading vessel lumina. Identification of amastigotes forms in popliteus lymphonode imprint confirmed infection by Leishmania sp. Mycotic infection in the brain of this dog was related to a concurrent leishmaniosis, an immunosuppressive disease.

Expressions of adrenomedullin mRNA and protein in rats with hypobaric hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. H2159-H2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuniaki Nakanishi ◽  
Hiroshi Osada ◽  
Maki Uenoyama ◽  
Fumiko Kanazawa ◽  
Nobuhiro Ohrui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Altitude Level

Experimental pulmonary hypertension induced in a hypobaric hypoxic environment (HHE) is characterized by structural remodeling of the heart and pulmonary arteries. Adrenomedullin (AM) has diuretic, natriuretic, and hypotensive effects. To study the possible effects of HHE on the AM synthesis system, 150 male Wistar rats were housed in a chamber at the equivalent of a 5,500-m altitude level for 21 days. After 14 days of exposure to HHE, pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was significantly increased (compared with control rats). The plasma AM protein level was significantly increased on day 21 of exposure to HHE. In the right ventricle (RV), right atrium, and left atrium of the heart, the expressions of AM mRNA and protein were increased in the middle to late phase (5–21 days) of HHE, whereas in the brain and lung they were increased much earlier (0.5–5 days). In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed AM mRNA and protein staining to be more intense in the RV in animals in the middle to late phase of HHE exposure than in the controls. During HHE, these changes in AM synthesis, which occurred strongly in the RV, occurred alongside the increase in PAP. Conceivably, AM may play a role in modulating pulmonary hypertension in HHE.

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