scholarly journals Cerebral Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Motta dos Santos Moretto ◽  
Luciana Maria Curtio Soares ◽  
Esthefanie Nunes ◽  
Uiara Hanna Araújo Barreto ◽  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures.Discussion: The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.

scholarly journals Is computed tomography of the brain necessary in patients with clinically suspected depressed skull fracture and no focal neurological deficit?

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
J A Rabie ◽  
S Otto ◽  
A J Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Depressed Skull Fracture ◽  
The Brain

Objective. The objective of the study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) of the brain is necessary in all head trauma patients with clinically suspected depressed skull fractures, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 13 and above, and no focal neurological deficits. Design. A retrospective descriptive analysis was undertaken of patients of all ages who presented at the trauma unit of the Pelonomi Hospital Complex in Bloemfontein with GCS of 13 to 15, depressed skull fracture, no clinical focal neurological deficit, and who also underwent CT of the brain. Data were obtained from patients' files, and radiological reports and were analysed by the Department of Statistics, University of the Free State. Results. One hundred and thirty-one patients were included in the study, of whom 56 (42.7%) were found to have substantial intracranial pathology as determined by CT. Twenty-four (18.3%) of these patients had a GCS of 13, of whom 6 (25%) had normal CT scans and 18 (75%) intracranial pathology. Twenty-eight (21.37%) of the 56 patients with intracranial pathology had a GCS of 14, of whom 11 (39.3%) had normal CT scans and 17 (60.7%) intracranial pathology. A GCS of 15 was determined in 79 (60.3%) of the 131 patients, of whom 58 (73.4%) had normal CT scans and 21 (26.6%) intracranial pathology. Conclusion. Based on our findings, CT imaging of the brain in patients with a clinically suspected depressed skull fracture despite any clinical neurological deficit and a GCS of 13 or more is warranted in our setting. The likelihood of injury on CT correlated inversely with the GCS.

scholarly journals Epithelioid and spindle-cell haemangioendothelioma in the brain of a dog: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yaman ◽  
A. Uyar ◽  
OF Keles ◽  
Z. Yener
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cut Surface

A 9.5-year-old male Belgian malinois dog died after showing clinical symptoms that included fatigue, anorexia and dyspnoea. Necropsy revealed macroscopic findings in the brain and other organs. A solitary, brown-red-coloured mass, approximately 0.5 cm thick and 1.5 × 2 cm in diameter, was detected on the right side of the medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum. The cut surface showed no invasion of the brain parenchyma. Histologically, the neoplasm was characterised by proliferation of endothelial cells, which showed epithelioid and spindle cell features. Some tumour cells had intracytoplasmic lumen formations containing red blood cells. The nuclei of the tumour cells were large and vesicular. In immunohistochemical experiments the tumour cells stained positive for factor VIII-related antigen, CD31 and CD34. A description is provided of the features of this epithelioid and spindle-cell haemangioendothelioma (EHE) that originated from vessels of the meninges in the subarachnoid space.

scholarly journals An uncommon localisation of a vegetal foreign body in a dog: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 579-582
Author(s):  
F. Del Signore ◽  
R. Terragni ◽  
A. Carloni ◽  
L. Stehlik ◽  
P. Proks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Grass Seed

The goal of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic and computed tomographic appearance of a penile foreign body in a dog for the first time. We describe an unusual penile localisation of a grass seed awn in an 11-year-old mixed-breed dog referred for a computed tomography study after a severe haemorrhage from the penis. A fistulous tract was observed after plain and post-contrast whole-body computed tomography acquisition; the foreign body was localised with ultrasound and removed under ultrasonographic guidance, with the complete healing of the penile lesion. Grass awns are common foreign bodies in dogs and cats and are commonly localised in the ear canal, subcutaneous tissue, interdigital space, eyelid, conjunctiva and nasal or oral cavity. These foreign bodies pose a threat due to their peculiar structure, which facilitates their easy access to the affected area and their transit through the body. Clinical signs are often non-specific, and imaging modalities such as ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful techniques for localisation. Our report demonstrates that the combination of computed tomography and ultrasound techniques was crucial for the exact localisation and mini-invasive retrieval of the grass seed.

Prospective Study of the Correlation Between Postoperative Computed Tomography Scan and Primary Surgeon Assessment in Patients With Advanced Ovarian, Tubal, and Peritoneal Carcinoma Reported to Have Undergone Primary Surgical Cytoreduction to Residual Disease 1 cm or Less

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4946-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Chi ◽  
Pedro T. Ramirez ◽  
Jerrold B. Teitcher ◽  
Svetlana Mironov ◽  
Debra M. Sarasohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Tomography Scan

Purpose To compare surgeons' operative assessments of residual disease (RD) to those identified on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma reported to have undergone optimal primary cytoreduction. Patients and Methods All patients at one of two institutions, who were scheduled to have primary surgery for presumed advanced ovarian cancer, were asked to consent to a postoperative CT scan if cytoreduction to ≤ 1 cm RD was reported. CT scan findings were graded using a qualitative analysis scale from 1 (normal) to 5 (definitely malignant). Results From January 2001 to September 2006, 285 patients were enrolled. A total of 78 patients met eligibility criteria and had postoperative CT scans. In 41 cases (52%), postoperative scan findings correlated with the surgical report of no RD more than 1 cm, and in seven cases (9%), the CT findings were indeterminate. In 10 cases (13%), more than 1 cm RD was noted by the radiologist as probably malignant, and in 20 cases (26%), definitely malignant. In these 30 cases, the radiologically reported median largest residual mass was 1.9 cm (range, 1.1 to 5.1), with RD more than 1 cm reported most commonly in the right upper quadrant (15 patients [50%]) and central abdomen (nine patients [30%]). Conclusion There was only a 52% correlation between surgeons' assessments and postoperative CT scan evaluations of RD in patients reported to have undergone optimal cytoreduction. Further study is required to determine whether this lack of correlation is due to rapid interval tumor regrowth, RD underestimated by the surgeons, and/or overestimated by the radiologists; and to determine the clinical implications of these discrepancies.

Accessing Implantable Ports: An Opportunistic Computed Tomography-Based Audit

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Timothy E. Murray ◽  
Damien C. O'Neill ◽  
Michael J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Exit Channel ◽  
Needle Puncture ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
P Values ◽  
Port Access

Abstract Aim: Implantable ports are typically inserted by interventional radiologists or surgeons; however, daily maintenance, access, and de-access are often performed by members of nursing staff in accordance with manufacturers' guidelines and local policy. An audit of port access using retrospective computed tomography (CT) scanning was proposed. Methodology: Across a 4-year period, all CT scans performed for any reason while a port was accessed were reviewed. Results: Fifty-four CT scans of accessed ports were included. Mean depth of tissue between skin and port was 3.74 mm, and between port and pectoralis major was 5.91 mm. Port tilt in side-to-side and up-down axes measured 6.9° and 10.6°, respectively. Mean distance from needle to center of the septum was 1.96 mm. Mean distance from center of the chamber to the needle tip was 2.73 mm. In 2 cases (3.7%), the needle bevel was malpositioned, with the bevel still within the silicone-rubber septum. Mean angulation of the access needle from perpendicular was 11.5°. Angulation of the needle correlated with port tilt (r = 0.37; P = .006). Angle of the needle bevel relative to the port exit channel was 140.8°. No significant correlation between needle bevel directionality and needle angle, depth of port, or tilt of port was detected (all P values > .21). Conclusions: Variability in accessing of implantable ports is described relative to research- and manufacturer-recommended needle bevel angle, needle puncture angle, and central puncture position. The extent to which such deviation influences port function deserves focused clinical research.

scholarly journals Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (189) ◽  
pp. 272-274
Author(s):  
Kalyan Paudel ◽  
Anand Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Cerebral Peduncle ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome refers to atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere (hemiatrophy) due to an insult to the brain in fetal or early childhood period. This is an uncommon condition. We present a case of a nine month- old female presented with seizure and weakness of the right upper and lower extremities and subsequently computed tomography was performed and showed hemiatrophy of the left fronto-parietal lobe with degenerative changes in the left cerebral peduncle. Keywords: Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome; hemiatrophy; hemiplegia.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Radiological Study of Jugular Foramen

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Shobhit Raizaday ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Radiological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Aim The purpose of present study was to obtain comprehensive data of morphometric and anatomical details of jugular foramen. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 30 dry adult human skulls along with computed tomography (CT) scans from 30 adult patients. The parameters observed were dimensions, shape, margins, confluence, septations, and distance from jugular foramen to mastoid base. Result In the dry skull observations, only anteroposterior diameter (APD) was significantly different between the right and left side, while for the CT scan observations both transverse diameter and APD exhibit significant difference. Conclusion We believe that data from the present study will help radiologists and neurosurgeons for diagnosis and treatment of skull base pathology around jugular foramen.

CT scan evaluation of the distance between maxillary sinus floor and maxillary teeth apices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (41) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Daniel Lupoi ◽  
Mihai Dragomir ◽  
Gabriela Coada ◽  
Alexandra Sanda ◽  
Vlad Budu
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Maxillary Sinusitis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Floor ◽  
Sinus Floor ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBACKGROUND. The relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the roots of the teeth in the upper arch is essential, especially in the correct diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The aim of this study was to determine exactly this distance and to observe the most common teeth situated closely to the maxillary sinus.MATERIAL AND METHODS. The study was performed in 2020, in the ENT Department of “Sfanta Maria” Hospital, and was made based on computed tomography (CT) scans of the sinuses from the clinic’s archive. The image analysis was performed with a radiologic software. For each tooth, from both right and left upper hemiarcade, the distance between the dental root and the bony floor of the maxillary sinus was measured and the average distances were compared.RESULTS. Among the present teeth analysed, those with the closest distance were the 1st M (95.15% on the right side and 96.23% on the left side), then the second molars (96.08% on the right side and 90% on the left side). The 2nd and 3rd PM had a similar percentage of the sinusal approach, which varied between 82% and 86%.CONCLUSION. Knowing these dento-sinusal relationships, there is a win-win situation for both the ENT doctor and the dentist. The paraclinical examination necessary for the analysis of the dento-alveolo-sinusal relation and of the afferent pathology is the imaging one, of choice being the CT and CBCT scans.

scholarly journals Caudal vena cava thrombosis in a dairy cow (Bos taurus) in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Schild ◽  
Joaquín Ignacio Armendano ◽  
Matías Liboreiro ◽  
Florencia Bresky ◽  
Eleonora Morrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Vena Cava Thrombosis ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT: Caudal vena cava thrombosis (CVCT) is an acute disease secondary to ruminal lactic acidosis and rumenitis with fatal outcome in cattle fed with a high-grain diet. The aim of this paper is to describe CVCT in an adult Holstein cow from a herd in Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Clinical signs included dyspnea, weakness, recumbence, and hemoptysis, followed by death in 3.5 days. Important necropsy findings included multiple hepatic abscesses, a septic thrombus (4.0cm x 2.0cm) in the vena cava adjacent to the liver, and a 15cm hematoma in the right lung. Histological lesions observed in the pulmonary parenchyma included suppurative pneumonia with embolic bacterial colonies and severe interstitial fibroplasia. Dissociation and degeneration of elastic fibers were observed in the pulmonary arteries, and necrotizing vasculitis was present in the caudal vena cava. We concluded that CVCT should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases with acute respiratory signs. The preventive measures to control the CVCT include the reduction of lactic acidosis.

Computed Tomography vs Laryngography: A Comparison of Relative Diagnostic Value

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Friedman ◽  
Carol R. Archer ◽  
Vernon L. Yeager ◽  
George P. Katsantonis
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Partial Laryngectomy ◽  
Routine Basis

The computed tomography (CT) scans and laryngograms of 25 patients with laryngeal cancer were compared and evaluated in an assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of each modality in the supraglottis glottic, and subglottic regions. Fourth generation scanners were used in these patients, all of whom subsequently underwent laryngectomy or partial laryngectomy. The clinical superiority of CT scanning was evident in several areas—confirming clinical impressions that laryngography is not as accurate as CT, is frequently misleading, and offers no significant advantages over CT. In this regard, we now believe that computed tomography is the most important radiologic adjunct in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, and we no longer order the laryngogram on a routine basis.

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